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Physics Ch2 Notes

The document discusses the concept of force, its effects, and the types of forces, including balanced and unbalanced forces. It outlines Newton's three laws of motion, explaining inertia, momentum, and the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. Additionally, it provides examples and formulas related to momentum and force.

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22 views2 pages

Physics Ch2 Notes

The document discusses the concept of force, its effects, and the types of forces, including balanced and unbalanced forces. It outlines Newton's three laws of motion, explaining inertia, momentum, and the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. Additionally, it provides examples and formulas related to momentum and force.

Uploaded by

sarangiashutosh2009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS

Forces and Laws of Motion

•Force is push or pull on a body which can set a stationary body in motion or stop a moving body or which can change
speed, direction & shape of an body. It can’t be seen but we can judge it by its effect on objects around us. Ex-
Stretching, Pushing, Pulling, Pressing etc.

•Effects of Force

1. Force can move a stationary body.


2. Force can stop a moving body.
3. Force can change speed of a moving body
4. Force can change direction of a moving body
5. Force can change shape & size of a body

•There are 2 types of forces: Balanced & Unbalanced forces

•Balanced force: If resultant of all forces acting on a body is zero, then the forces are called balanced force. Body under
action of balanced forces doesn’t changes its position. Ex- If we put our both hands on opposite sides of a iron box and
apply equal pressure on each side then the box won’t change its motion as its friction and force are both equal.

•Balanced forces can’t produce motion in a stationary body or stop a moving body. If a number of balanced forces act on
a body in uniform motion, body continues to be in its state of uniform motion.

•Unbalanced force: If resultant of all forces acting upon a body is not zero then the forces are called unbalanced force.
They can move a stationary body and stop a moving body. To move stationary body we have to apply greater force than
the friction opposing. Ex- If we put our both hands on opposite sides of toy car and apply high force with one hand and
low force with other hand then the car will move in opposite direction of the hand applying high force.

•Newton has given three laws of motion these laws are called newtons law of motion.

First law of motion

•A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will continue in motion in a straight line with uniform speed,
unless it’s compelled by an external force to change its state of rest. Ex- A box will not move unless we push it with our
hands.

•Inertia of a body is the tendency to remain in rest if it is resting and move in a straight line if its moving. Inertia is
property of body due to which it resists change in its state of rest. Mass is measure of inertia. Inertia depends on mass of
body that’s why heavier object has more inertia than lighter ones to overcome inertia and make body move we must
apply external force. Ex- Its easier to move toy car than a real car due to low and high inertia respectively.

•Body in uniform motion will continue to move unless a force compels to change its state of uniform motion. Ex- When
a tree is shaken its fruits and leaves fall down because the fruits and leaves want to remain in rest so the fruits and
leaves detach and fall down.

•Momentum is product of body’s mass & velocity & measure of quantity of motion of moving body. If a body is at rest
then its velocity is 0 so its momentum is also 0. It’s a vector quantity. SI unit of momentum is kmph & written as kg.m/s
or kg.m s^-1. Every moving body has momentum.

•Force required to stop a moving body is directly proportional to velocity. Ex- If we throw 2 balls at different speed and
velocity then it will be easier to stop ball with low speed than ball with high speed. Quantity of motion depends on mass
and velocity of body.
•Force required to stop a moving body is directly proportional to its mass. Ex- If we throw a cricket ball and tennis ball at
same speed & velocity then it would require more force to stop cricket ball than tennis ball.

•A body will have large momentum if its mass is large or if its velocity is large or if both of its mass and velocity are large.

Second law of motion

•Rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to applied force and takes place in direction in which
force acts. It can be expressed as F (proportional sign) change in momentum/time taken. This second law of motion
gives us relationship between force and acceleration.

•Acceleration produced in a body is directly proportional to force acting on it & inversely proportional to mass of body.
If mass of body is doubled then its acceleration would be halved and if mass is halved then acceleration will be doubled.
SI unit of mass is newton denoted by N. This second law gives us relationship between force applied to a body and
acceleration produced in the body.

•Ex- In a car accident fast running car stops suddenly. Car’s momentum reduces to 0 in short time. Slightly stretchable
seat belts worn by passenger delays time taken by passengers to fall forward. Due to longer time rate of change of
momentum of passengers is reduced and stopping force acts on them. So, passengers get zero or low injuries. Seat belts
reduce passengers momentum and prevent injuries.

Third law of motion

•When one body exerts force on another body the second body exerts an equal and opposite force on first body. To
every action there is equal and opposite reaction. Force exerted by first body is action and force exerted by second body
on first body is reaction. Ex- When bullet is fired from gun, the force sending bullet forward is equal to force sending gun
backward. It moves a little backwards and gives backward kick to shoulder of gunman.

•Formulae

Momentum = Mass × Velocity (p=m×v)

Force = Mass × Acceleration (F=m×a)

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