BASIC FILM & VIDEO PRODUCTION

Presented by:
ERWIN N. RICAMONTE
BA FILM & AUDIO VISUAL COMMUNICATION
UP Diliman, 1999

STAGES OF PRODUCTION
A. PRE-PRODUCTION
B. PRODUCTION
C. POST PRODUCTION

A. PRE-PRODUCTION
• CONCEPTUALIZATION
• STORY / GENRE
• SCRIPT
• ACTORS / TALENTS
• LOCATIONS
• TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT
• PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
• SCRIPT READING / BLOCKING /STORYBOARD

GENRES

FILM TV / VIDEO

HORROR NEWS
ROMANCE / DRAMA NEWS, PUBLIC AFFAIRS,
COMEDY DOCUMENTARIES
MUSICAL FEATURE STORIES
SUSPENSE THRILLER ENTERTAINMENT
ANIMATED SOAP OPERA, DOCU DRAMA,
DOCUMENTARY MUSICAL/VARIETY SHOW
COMEDY/GAG,
REALITY, TV SERIES

DOCUMENTARY GENRES

POETIC DOCUMENTARIES
First seen in the 1920s, poetic documentaries are very much what they sound like. They focus on
experiences, images, and showing the audience the world through different eyes.
Abstract and loose with narrative, the poetic sub-genre can be very unconventional and
experimental in form and content. The ultimate goal is to create a feeling rather than a truth.

Terrence Malick’s Voyage of Time

https://youtu.be/YlWe_YcBWDY?si=JfASB1CV7XVuil7s

EXPOSITORY DOCUMENTARIES
Expository documentaries are probably closest to what most people consider “documentaries.”
In sharp contrast to poetic, expository documentaries aim to inform and/or persuade — often
through omnipresent “Voice of God”.
City of Gold
https://youtu.be/KGxHHAX1nOY?si=TqZDbAPcpGRmRI2d

OBSERVATIONAL DOCUMENTARIES
Observational documentaries aim to observe the world around them. Originating in the 1960s
alongside advances in portable film equipment, the Cinéma Vérité-style is much less pointed
than the expository approach.

In the Room of JFK

https://youtu.be/_tZkvhQcZI4?si=FwZ8lzNf_AlOjHpd

PARTICIPATORY DOCUMENTARIES
Participatory documentaries include the filmmaker within the narrative. This inclusion can be as
minor as a filmmaker using their voice to prod their subjects with questions or cues from behind
the camera—or as major as a filmmaker directly influencing the actions of the narrative.

Roger & Me (1989) Official Trailer

https://youtu.be/gOwXkstRaBw?si=B-LIkQUpOwkTFuER

REFLEXIVE DOCUMENTARIES
Reflexive documentaries are similar to participatory docs in that they often include the
filmmaker within the film. However, unlike participatory, most creators of reflexive
documentaries make no attempt to explore an outside subject. Rather, they focus solely on
themselves and the act of making the film.

The best example of this style is the 1929 silent documentary Man with a Movie Camera by
Soviet filmmaker Dziga Vertov.

Cameraperson Official Trailer 1 (2016)

https://youtu.be/jx52F4iLTL8?si=GH8aKopaYMSfvnvO

PERFORMATIVE DOCUMENTARIES
Performative documentaries are an experimental combination of styles used to stress subject
experience and share an emotional response with the world. They often connect and juxtapose
personal accounts with larger political or historical issues.

Won’t you be my neighbor

https://youtu.be/FhwktRDG_aQ?si=SkoWDlntV8puGhuK

SCRIPT FOR TV

AUDIO VIDEO

OBB
VISUAL SUPPORT
VOICE OVER GRAPHICS
NARRATION CHARGEN/DOWNSTREAM

TRANSITION EFFECTS TRANSITION (CREATED / PLUG IN)

CBB
 OBB (opening billboard) – CBB (closing billboard)
https://youtu.be/qAA7fvB1p08?si=jEM-yRRiu-0ukr7J

AUDIO VIDEO

OBB
VO: “MILLIONS OF PEOPLE IN THE PHILIPPINES DEPEND
ON SATELLITE C-BAND FOR THEIR CABLE TV AND OTHER
SERVICES. THE PHILIPPINES RELIES ON C-BAND FOR THE GOOGLE EARTH OF WORLD ZOOMING
RECEPTION OF OVER XXX SATELLITE CHANNELS, BOTH INTO THE PHILIPPINES (3D
FROM OVERSEAS AND FROM WITHIN THE COUNTRY. ANIMATION)
THESE CHANNELS ARE DISTRIBUTED TO OVER XXX
CABLE SYSTEMS SPREAD AROUND THE THOUSANDS OF
ISLANDS OF THE ARCHIPELAGO. SINCE THE CABLE COMPANIES POP-UPS
INTRODUCTION OF LTE OPERATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES ONSPECIFIC AREAS
IN LATE 2014 NUMEROUS CABLE SYSTEMS HAVE
EXPERIENCED SERIOUS INTERFERENCE PROBLEMS.”
TEXT: LTE 2014

LTE POP-UPS THEN CABLE COMPANIES

POP UPS WILL START TO BLUR

AUDIO VIDEO

CHARGEN: NAME / POSITION

TALKING HEAD: “OVER THE LAST YEAR TELECOM TELCOS SATELLITE/HEADEND
OPERATORS HAVE BEEN TESTING AND DEPLOYING
LTE SYSTEMS IN SELECT CITIES THROUGHOUT THE CABLE COMPANIES/CONVENTION
COUNTRY. THIS HAS CAUSED MANY DIFFERENT
PROBLEMS TO THE PAY TV BUSINESS AND OUR
MANY CABLE TV OPERATOR MEMBERS. OVER XX SERIES OF TV SHOTS WITH
CABLE OPERATORS HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY LTE INTERFERENCE
SIGNALS IN NUMEROUS (XX NUMBER OF) CITIES (ONE SCREEN WITH SEVERAL TV
THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. THE INTERFERENCE FRAMES)
ISSUES HAVE RESULTED IN UP TO XX (TEN,
TWENTY, THIRTY) PLUS CHANNELS BEING LOST
FROM A NUMBER OF SATELLITES. (THIS SHOULD
BE THE NUMBER OF CHANNELS AFFECTED BY LNB
SATURATION, I.E. ACROSS THE ENTIRE C-BAND
AND NOT JUST THE EXTENDED C)
 SCRIPT FOR FILM NARRATIVE

Excerpts from the Film MARICRIS SIOSON: JAPAYUKI by LUALHATI BAUTISTA

SEQ. 61: HOTEL ROOM. INT. NIGHT

Gumagawa ng report si Cynthia, mag-iisip sya at pagkaraa’y maiisipan niyang inspeksyunin

ang gift na bigay ni Rowena.

Sa loob ng battery nito, may nakaipit na sulat na tinupi nang pagkaliit-liit, Kakabahan si Cynthia.
Bubuksan nya ang sulat at babasahin.

ECU ng sulat
Find a way to talk to me … Alone.

Tarantang titindig si Cynthia at tatakbong palabas.

SEQ 61-A. CORRIDOR OF HOTEL, IN FRONT OF ALVIN’S ROOM. INT. SAME NIGHT.

Kakalampagin ni Cynthia ang kwarto ni Alvin.

CYNTHIA:
Alvin, dali mo! Alvin, lumabas ka sandali!

SEQ 62: CLUB. INT. NIGHT

Isang Japanese male ang magbabayad ng bar fine. Pagkaraa’y lalabas na ito kasama si Rowena

VOICE OVER (ROWENA)

Iyong Japayuking nakausap n’yo, nabayaran lang iyon….

SEQ 62-A: HOTEL ROOM. INT. NIGHT

Nagkukuwento si Rowena sa harap nina Cynthia at Alvin at ng Japanese male na naglabas sa

kanya. Tahimik na tahimik sa pakikinig ang tatlo.

ROWENA:
Binabayaran din ako pero mas pinili ko pang manahimik na lang kaysa
magsinungaling.
 STORYBOARD

B. PRODUCTION
• FILM & VIDEO PRODUCTION STAFF & CREW
• PRODUCER
• EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
• DIRECTOR
• SCREENWRITER
• WRITER
• SCRIPT CONTINUITY
• PRODUCTION ASSISTANTS
• CINEMATOGRAPHER/DOP (director of photography)
• VIDEOGRAPHER
• CAMERAMAN
• PRODUCTION DESIGNER
• COSTUME DESIGNER
• LIGHTSMAN
• AUDIOMAN
• BOOM MAN
 BASIC SHOT SIZES

EXTREME WIDE SHOT

WIDE SHOT

FULL SHOT

MEDIUM FULL SHOT

MEDIUM SHOT

MEDIUM SHOT
CLOSE UP
CLOSE UP
EXTREME CLOSE UP

HIGH ANGLE

LOW ANGLE
SHOT FRAMING

ESTABLISHING SHOT
POV (POINT OF VIEW)

CUT IN
 CUT AWAY

Camera Angles with Zach King

.(2014). YouTube Channel: King Film School. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tD63b6Z-Tr0
Rack Focus
https://youtu.be/9LhXbpKXx_Y?si=pobl4exWj_N7oWR6

Focus Pull
https://youtu.be/2OCYmhfnbJg?si=MCtazBS0kf6JBHfi
CAMERA MOVEMENT
• PAN LEFT / RIGHT
• TILT UP / DOWN
• TRACKING
• DOLLY IN / OUT
• LONG TAKE
• EYE LINE MATCH
• RULE OF THIRDS
• 180 DEGREES PLANE
 Camera Movement - Storytelling with Cinematography
.(2015).DSLRguide .Youtube.
Retrieved Sept. 15, 2016, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9APrV5cYnE

C. POST PRODUCTION

POST-PRODUCTION STAFF & ELEMENTS

VISUAL

• EDITOR
• GRAPHIC ARTIST
• ANIMATOR
• SPECIAL & VISUAL EFFECTS
• COLOR GRADING

SOUND

• EDITOR
• MUSIC EDITOR
• MUSICAL SCORER
• SOUND EFFECTS
• MIXING
• DUBBING
• FOLLEY
• THEME SONG

VISUAL EDITING

TRANSITION (CUT TO CUT, DISSOLVE/FADE TO BLACK, CROSS DISOLVE, ETC)

SOUND EDITING

J CUT / L CUT

https://youtu.be/eyH-a964kAs?si=oIF9Vm2XhBY7D7P1