Tutorial 4 – Chapter 5 & 6

1. The system shown in figure 1 is initially on no load with generators operating at their rated
voltage with their emfs in phase. The ratings of the generators and transformers and their
reactances are as shown in the figure. The line impedance is 160 Ω. For a symmetrical
three-phase short-circuit at the receiving end of the line calculate the short-circuit current
in ampere and the short-circuit MVA.
[Answer: ISC = -j288.6 A, Short circuit MVA = 200]

Figure 1
2. Figure 2 shows section of a power system. The ratings of the generators and the
transformers are as shown in the figure. The reactance of the line is 15 Ω. A symmetrical
three-phase fault occurs at the point F on the 132 kV bus as shown in the figure. Assume
that the system is unloaded and select the generator G1 ratings as base values.
(i) Draw the reactance diagram for the fault with all the reactances marked in per
unit.
(ii) Calculate the current that flows in to the fault in ampere. [Answer: 1897 A]

13.2 / 132 kV
G2
T3
90 MVA
100 MVA
13.8 kV
132 kV bus

X = 10 %
60 MVA 18 %
13.8 kV
20 % 13.2 / 66kV 66 / 132 kV
Line 15 
G1
T1 T2
75 MVA 75 MVA
X = 11% X =10 % F

Figure 2
3. Figure 3 shows a power system in which a generator G supplies two motors M1 and M2
over a transmission line with transformers at both ends. The transmission line is 64 km
long with a reactance of 0.5 Ω per km per phase. The ratings of the machines and the
transformers are as shown in the figure. A symmetrical three-phase fault occurs at the
point F on motor bus when the generator voltage is 20 kV. Selecting the generator ratings
as base values determine:
(i) The fault current in ampere and the fault power in MVA.
(ii) The fault current contribution from the motors M1 and M2 in amperes.
[Answer: (i) 95.81 kA, 2290.1 MVA (ii) 45.723 kA, 22.862 kA]

Figure 3

4. Figure 4 shows a simple power system. The ratings of the machines and the
transformers are as shown in the figure. The reactance of the line
connecting the two power stations is 40 Ω. A symmetrical three-phase fault
occurs at the point F on the 6.6 kV feeder closer to transformer T3 as shown
in the figure. Assume that the system is unloaded and the generators are
generating their rated voltage. Select the generator G1 ratings as base
values.
(i) Draw the reactance diagram for the fault with all the reactances
marked in per unit.
(ii) Calculate the fault current in amperes. [Answer: -j8003 A]

G1 11kV
G2 G 3 11kV
11kV
40 MVA 20 MVA 20 MVA
15% 18% 18%

T1 T2
Line 40  11 / 6.6kV
15 MVA
T3
11 / 66kV 66 / 11kV 11%
40 MVA 40 MVA F
10% 10%
6.6kV Feeder
Figure 4
5. Figure 5 shows a section of a power system. The ratings of the generators and
transformers are as shown in the figure. The reactance of the lines is j50 Ω. A
symmetrical three-phase fault occurs at the point F on the generator G2 bus as shown in
the figure. Assume that the system is unloaded and the generators are generating their
rated voltage. Select the generator G1 ratings as base values.
(i) Draw the reactance diagram for the fault with all the reactances
marked in per unit.
(ii) Determine the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit which can be used to
calculate the fault current.
(iii) Calculate the fault current in ampere.
[Answers: (iii) 6795 A]

500 MVA 1000 MVA

G1 G2
13.8 kV 20 kV
20 % 500 MVA 17 %
1000 MVA
T1 13.8  / 500 Y kV 500 Y / 20  kV T2
X = 12% X = 10% F

j 50  j 50 
750 MVA
T3
500 Y / 18  kV
X = 10% 750 MVA
G3 18 kV
18 %

Figure 5
6. Discuss the advantages of using the per-unit computation system in solving power
system problems.

7. Explain the importance of short circuit studies or fault analysis on power systems.