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Youngs Modulus

The document outlines an experiment to determine Young's modulus, modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio, and bulk modulus of a wire using Searle's method. It details the apparatus required, formulas for calculations, and a step-by-step procedure for conducting the experiment. Additionally, it includes tables for observations and calculations, as well as precautions to ensure accurate measurements.

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hi17292008
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3 views

Youngs Modulus

The document outlines an experiment to determine Young's modulus, modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio, and bulk modulus of a wire using Searle's method. It details the apparatus required, formulas for calculations, and a step-by-step procedure for conducting the experiment. Additionally, it includes tables for observations and calculations, as well as precautions to ensure accurate measurements.

Uploaded by

hi17292008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Young’s modulus

Aim:
1) To determine the young’s modulus of a given wire by Searle’s method.
2) To determine the Modulus of rigidity of a given wire by Searle’s method.
3) To calculate the possion’s ratio and bulk modulus of a given wire.

Apparatus:
Searle’s apparatus, Metal wire, stopwatch, meter scale, vernier calipers, screw gauge.

Formula:

1. Young’s modulus of wire = (dyne/cm2)

2. Modulus of rigidity of wire ɳ= (dyne/cm2)

3. possion’s ratio = −1

4. bulk modulus = (dyne/cm2)


( )
T1= Time period of the torsional vibration of bar when both bars are suspended (sec)
T2= Time period of the torsional vibration of bar when one bar is clamped (sec)
r = radius of the wire (cm)
l =Length of the wire (cm)

( )
5. Moment of Inertia of bar = (g.cm2)

I= Moment of Inertia of the bar (g.cm2)


M = mass of the bar (gm)
L = Length of the bar (cm)
b= breath of the bar (cm)
Diagram:
1) Torsion threads 2) A-B and C-D Bars 3) Thick wire

Figure 1: Position of Bars to measure Figure 2: Position of Bars to measure


time period T1 time period T2

Procedure:
1. Fasten the two ends of the given experimental wire to the two identical bars AB and CD using
the binding screws provided at the middle points of each bar. The two long torsion threads to
the hooks provided in the bars. Suspend these bars by fastening the threads to the hooks
provided in the bars. Suspend these bars by fastening the threads to the rigid support so that
the two bars are parallel to each other in a horizontal plane.
2. Bring the bars close and release them so that the bars begin oscillations in horizontal plane
about mean positions. Find the time for 10, 15, 20 vibrations respectively using stopwatch.
3. Repeat the above step for second trail.
4. Now clamp the bar CD to the stand so that AB bar is suspended horizontally with experimental
wire.
5. Without disturbing the center of the lower bar AB, give slight turn to its end in a horizontal
plane so as to twist the wire. Then release the bar it starts executing torsion vibrations. Using
a stop watch measure the time for 10 , 15, 20 vibrations respectively.
6. Repeat the above step for second trail.
7. Find least count and zero error of the screw gauge. Using screw gauge measure the diameter
of given wire in two mutually perpendicular directions at different places along the whole
length of wire. Find the mean diameter and then the radius of wire.
8. Measure the length of wire using meter scale.
9. Find the vernier constant and zero error of vernier calipers using vernier measure the breath
of the bar. Also measure the length of bar using meter scale.
10. Find the mass of the bar using balance.
11. Using observations calculate Y, ɳ, σ, K

Observations:
Measure the length of the wire (l) :_________________ cm

Measure the length of the bar (L) :_________________ cm

Measure the mass of the bar (m) :_________________ g

Least count of the screw gauge:

Error of screw gauge:

Corrected value of screw gauge:

Least count of the vernier calipers:

1. Table: To measure time period for vibration of bars

S. Number of Time for ‘n’ vibrations Time Time for ‘n’ vibrations Time
No vibrations (n) (sec) period (sec) period
Trail 1 Trail 1 Mean T1 = t/n Trail 1 Trail 1 Mean T2 = t/n
t1 t2 t (sec) t1 t2 t (sec)
1 10

2 15

3 20

Average value of T1: sec Average value of T2: sec

Calculations - Table 1:
2. Table: Measure the diameter of the Experimental wire using Screw gauge

S. No. PSR (A) mm HSR Coincidence Corrected HSR value Fraction Total
n (B = n X L.C) mm (d= A+B) mm
1

Average value of diameter of wire _____________ in mm

Average value of diameter of wire _____________ in cm

Radius of the wire r = d/2 ________________ cm

Calculations - Table 2:
3. Table: Measure the breath of the Bar using vernier calipers

S. No. MSR Vernier coincidence Fraction Total


(A) cm n (B = n X L.C) cm (b= A+B) cm
1

Average value of breath of Bar _____________ in cm

Calculations - Table 3:

Calculations for elastic constants:


Precautions:
1. The bars should be in same level to vibrate. The experimental wire should be in straight.
2. The bars should not swing as it oscillates in the horizontal plane
3. The bar should make equal vibrations while oscillating in horizontal plane.
4. While measuring the breath of the bar, it should be gently gripped between the two jaws of
the vernier calipers and readings should be taken without parallox error.
5. While measuring the diameter of the wire, it should be gently gripped between the screws of
the screw gauge and readings should be taken without parallox error.
6. The screw is rotated by holding only milled head provided with safety device
7. The screw is always rotated in one direction to avoid back-lash error.

Result:
The young’s modulus of a given wire Y:

The Modulus of rigidity of a given wire ƞ:

The possion’s ratio is σ:

Bulk modulus of a given wire K:

Moment of Inertia of the Bar I:

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