h t t p:/ / w w w .g e ocit ie s.

com / k u rdish clu b

Gr a m m a r ( Rê zim a n)

This is a short gram m ar of Kurm anj i Kurdish from Baran Rizgar

dict ionary of Kurdish- English and English Kurdish [ Rizgar 1993] .
Baran gives a com prehensive and syst em at ic account of gram m ar
of Kurm anj i Kurdish ( as speken in Kur dist an region in Tur key) . He
discusses noun and verb inflect ion and illust rat es t he concept of
ergat ivit y in Kurm anj i Kur dish ( Kurdica edit or) .

Pr onouns ( Cînav)

Kur m anj i has t wo groups of pronouns:

Sim ple Pronouns Oblique Pronouns English
Ez Min I
Tu Te You
Ew Wî He, it ( Masc.)
Wê She, it ( Fem .)
Em Me We
Hun We You
Ew Wan They

A) Use of t he Sim ple Pronouns

They are used:

a) as t he su bj e ct of t he verb in all t he t enses except t he past
t enses of t ransit ive verbs;

çû n ( t o go) is an int ransit ive verb.

Ez diçim x w e nde ge hê . I am going t o t he school.

Ez ê biçim x w e nde ge h ê . I will go t o t he school.
Ez çûm x w e ndege hê . I went t o t he school.
Ez çûm e x w e nde ge hê . I have gone t o t he school.
Ez diçûm x w e nde ge hê . I was going t o t he school.
Ez çubûm x w e nde ge hê . I had gone t o t he school.

b) as t he obj e ct of t ransit ive verbs in t he past t enses.

dît in ( t o see ) is a t ransit ive verb.

Te e z dît im .
You saw m e.
Te e z dît im e . You have seen m e.
Te e z didît im . You wer e seeing/ used t o see m e.
Te e z dît bûm . You had seen m e.

B) Use of t he Oblique Pr onouns

They are used:

a) as t he su bj e ct of t r a nsit ive ve r bs in t he past t enses;

x w a r in ( t o eat ) is a t ransit ive verb.

I at e an apple.
M in sê ve k xw ar.
M in sê ve k x w a r iye . I have eat en an apple.
M in sê ve k dix w a r . I was eat ing an apple.
M in sê ve k x w a r ibû. I had eat en an apple.

b) as t he obj e ct of t ransit ive verbs in t he fut ure and present

t enses;

Tu m in dibînî. You see m e.

Tu yê m in bibînî. You w ill see m e.

c) as t he obj e ct of a pr e posit ion ;

j i: from
j i m in/ t e / w î/ w ê / m e/ w e / w a n from
m e/ you/ him / her/ us/ you/ t hem

d) in t he posse ssive ca se .

de st ê m y/ your/ his/ her / our/ your/ t heir

m in/ t e / w î/ w ê/ m e / w e / w a n hand
ê m ine, yours, his, her s, ours,
m in/ t e / w î/ w ê/ m e / w e / w a n your s, t heirs.

Obj e ct Pr onouns

When a sim ple pr onoun is used as t he su bj e ct , an oblique

pr onoun is used as t he obj e ct and vice versa.
Ez t e dibînim . I am seeing/ see you.
Tu m in dibînî. You see m e.
He/ she sees
Ew w î/ w ê dibîn e .
him / her.
Em w e dibîn in. We see you.
H un m e dibîn in. You see us.
Ew w a n dibînin. They see t hem .
-
M in t u dît î. I saw you.
Te e z dît im . You saw m e.
W î e w dît . He saw him / her/ it .
W ê e w dît . She saw him / her/ it .
M e hun dît in. We saw you.
W e e m dît in. You saw you.
W a n ew dît in. They saw t hem .

Re flex ive Pr onoun

Reflexive Pronoun is t he w or d x w e ( own/ oneself) for all t he

persons.
Ez x w e dibînim . I see m yself.
Tu x w e dibînî. You see yourself.
Ew x w e dibîn e . He/ she/ it sees him self/ herself/ it self.
Em x w e dibînin. We see ourselves.
H un x w e dibîn in. You see yourselves.
Ew x w e dibîn in. They see t hem selves.

Posse ssive Adj e ct ive s/ Pronoun s

( Re n gdê r / cîna vê n x w e dît î)

The oblique pronouns are used as possesive adj ect ives/ pronouns.
An ending connect s t he noun t o t he pronoun:
D e finit e Endings
-a fem inine singular nouns
-ê m asculine singular nouns
- ên plural nouns

The let t er y act s as a buffer bet ween t he nouns ending in a vowel

and t he ending.
I nde finit e Endings
-e fem inine singular nouns
-î m asculine singular nouns
-e plural nouns

The ending of t he relat ed noun and t he oblique pronoun form t he

posse ssive pr onou n.

Pir t ûk a m in My book a m in m ine ( book)

Ke vçîyê t e Your spoon yê t e yours ( spoon)
N a vê w ê Her nam e ê wê her ( nam e)
M a la w î His hom e a wî his ( hom e)
Xw e nde r k a r ê n m e Our st udent s ê n m e ours ( st udent s)
M a m ost e yê n w e Your t eachers ya w a n t heirs ( t able)
Pir t ûk t e j i a m inEDúWLUH Your book is bet t er t han m ine.
Ke vçîyê k t e j i yê m in dir ê j t ir
Your spoon is longer t han m ine.
e.
Their knives are heavier t han
Kê r ê n t e j i ê n m e gir a n t ir in.
ours.
-
Kê r e k e m in A knife of m ine
M a m ost e ye k î w e A t eacher ( m an) of yours
Pir t ûk ine w a n Som e of t heir books
-
Kê r e k e m in ne t ûj e . A knife of m ine is not sharp.
M in M a m ost e ye k î w e dît I saw a t eacher of yours.
3LUW€NLQHZDQEDúLQ Som e of t heir books are good.

Ve r bs ( Lê k e r )

bi- is t he prefix form ing t he im perat ive. I n t he com pound verbs

w it h a non- verbal prefix, t he non- verbal part replaces bi- .

çû n ( bioH PHúvQ biPHúH GDQ bide) , r a bûn ( r a be ) ,

ve k e t in ( vek e ve ) , hilda n ( hilde ) , e t c.

The im parat ive plur a l get s - in inst ead of - e .

Biçe ! Go! ( singular )

Biçin!) Go! ( plural)
%LPHúe !) Walk! ( singular )
%LGúe !) Give! ( singular )
%LGúin!) Give! ( plural)

I nfinit ive

The infinit ive consist s of pa st st e m and - in ( - n when t he past

st em ends in a vow el) .
infinit ive pa st st e m in/ n
hat in hat in ( t o com e)
avêt in avêt in ( t o t hrow )
kirin kir in ( t o do)
bûn bû n ( t o be, t o becom e)
çûn çû n ( t o go)
dan da n ( t o give)
nivîsîn nivîsî n ( t o w rit e)

Te n se s ( D e m )
Pr e se nt Te nse ( D e m a N iha )

The present st em is t he par t bet wen t he prefix bi- and t he ending -

e of t he im per at ive.
infinit ive im pe r a t ive pr e se nt st e m
kirin bike k
dan bide d
nivîsîn binivîse nivîs
çirandin biçir îne çirîn
peyivîn bipeyive peyiv

The im pe r a t ive of t he com pound verbs wit h a non- ver bal part
act ing as prefix includes t he non- verbal part inst ead of t he prefix
bi- . Thus t he present st em includes t he non- verbal part t oo.

infinit ive im pe r a t ive pr e se nt st e m

rûnivîsîn rûne r û- n
vekirin veke ve- k
rabûn rabe r a- b

The verb bûn ( t o be) is an auxiliary verb w hich also helps wit h
form ing t he pr ese nt t e nse .

The conj ugat ion of bû n in t he present t ense:

 Aft e r a consona nt a ft e r a vow e l
Ez im me I am
Tu î yî You are
Ew e ye He/ she/ it is
Em in ne We are
Hun in ne You are
Ew in ne They are
Ez dir ê j im . I am t all.
Ez m a m ost e m e . I am a t eacher .

Pr e se nt Te nse := di + present st em + bûn.

Kir in( bik e ) : t o do

di + pr e se n t st e m + bûn
Ez dikim di + k + im I do/ am doing
Tu dikî di + k + î You do
Ew dike di + k + e He/ she/ it does
Em dikin di + k + in We do
Hun dikin di + k + in You do
Ew dikin di + k + in They do

D a n( bide) : t o give

di + pr e se nt st e m + bûn
Ez didim di + d + im I give/ am giving
Tu didî di + d + î You give
Ew dide di + d + e He/ she/ it gives
Em didin di + d + in We give
Hun didin di + d + in You give
Ew didin di + d + in They give

Pe yvîn( bipe yive ) : t o spe ak

di + pr e se nt st e m + bûn
Ez dipeyivim di + peyiv + im I speak/ am speaking
Tu dipeyivî di + peyiv + î You speak
Ew dipeyive di + peyiv + e He/ she/ it speaks
Em dipeyivin di + peyiv + in We speak
Hun dipeyivin di + peyiv + in You speak
Ew dipeyivin di + peyiv + in They speak

When using a com pound verb in t he present t ense, di- is placed in

bet ween t he non- verbal part and t he present st em .

RûQLúWLQ r ûne ) : t o sit

Ez rûdinim I sit / am sit t ing

Tu r ûdinî You sit
Ew rûdine He/ she/ it sit s
Em rûdinin We sit
Hun rûdinin You sit
Ew rûdinin They sit

Ve k ir in( ve k e ) : t o ope n

Ez vedikim I open/ am opening

Tu vedikî You open
Ew vedike He/ she/ it opens
Em vedikin We open
Hun vedikin You open
Ew vedikin They open

The case is negat ed by replacing di- w it h n a - .

Ez diçim I go
Ez naçim I don't go
Tu r ûdinî You sit
Tu r ûnadnî You don't sit

pa st Te nse s ( D e m ê n Bor î)
Sim ple pa st t e nse ( De m a bor îya t ê da yî)

a) I nt e r a nsit ive Ve r bs: an int ransit ive verb is a verb which does
not t ake a direct obj ect .
The verb agrees wit h t he subj ect of t he sent ence. Therfore t he
present conj ugat ion of t he auxiliary verb bûn ( t o be) is added t o
t he past st em in agreem ent wit h t he subj ect .

The past st em is obt ained by t aking out - in or - n from t he

infinit ive .
Subj e ct + pa st st e m + Bû n
Ez hat + im I cam e
Tu didî hat + î* You cam e
Ew dide hat + e* He/ she/ it cam e
Em didin hat + in We cam e
Hun didin hat + in You cam e
Ew didin hat + in They cam e

* ) - î and - e are usually om it t ed. When t he past st em ends in a

vow el t he first vowel of t he auxiliary verb is om it t ed.

Ve r b Pa st st e m peyivîn ( t o speak) peyivî

Ez peyivîm
Tu peyivî
Ew peyivî
Em peyivîn
Hun peyivîn
Ew peyivîn

b) Tr a nsit ive Ve r bs: A t ransit ive verb is a verb w hich t akes a

direct obj ect , e.g.: k ir in( t o do) , nivîsîn ( t o w rit e) , da n ( t o give) .

The second ( oblique) group of t he personal pronouns is used as t he

su bj e ct of t he sent ence while t he first ( sim ple) group being used
as t he obj e ct .

The verb agrees wit h t he obj ect . Therefore t he auxiliary verb bûn
( t o be) is added t o t he past st em in agreem ent wit h t he obj e ct .

Ve r b Pa st st e m
dît in ( t o see) dît
Subj e ct Obj e ct pa st +
+ + st e m Bûn
He saw
Wî ez dît + im
m e.
Min tu dît + î* I saw you.
We saw
Me ew dît + e*
him / her/ it .
We em dît + in You saw us.
Wê hun dît + in She saw you.
Wan ew dît + in They saw t hem
* ) - î is frequent ly om m it t ed; - e is alm ost alw ays om it t ed.

Ve r b Pa st st e m
Avêt in ( t o t hrow) avêt
M in e w a vê t . I t hrew it .
M in e w a vê t in. I t hrew t hem .
Te k e vir a vê t . You t hrew t he st one.
Te k e vir a vê t in . You t hrew t he st ones.
W î/ w ê k e vir e k a vê t . He/ she t hrew t he st one.
W î/ w ê k e vir in a vê t in. He/ she t hrew som e st ones.
M e Ke vir a vê t . We t hrew t he st one.
M e Ke vir a vê t in. We t hrew t he st ones.
W e Ke vir e k a vêt . You t hrew a st one.
W e Ke vir in a vê t in. You t hrew ( som e) st ones.
W a n ew a vê t . They t hrew it .
W a n ew a vê t in. They t hrew t hem .
Ve r b Pa st st e m
dan ( t o give) da
M in e w da Aza d. I gave it t o Azad..
M in e w da n Aza d. I gave t hem t o Azad.
Ve r b Pa st st e m
nivîsîn ( t o writ e) nivîsî
M e e w nivîsî. We w rot e it .
M e e w nivîsîn. We w rot e t hem .

This t ense is negat ed using t he prefix - ne .

Ez ne ha t im . I did not com e.

Ew ne çûn . They did not go.
M in e w ve ne k ir. I did not open it .
M in e w ne a vê t . I did not t hrew it .
M î na vê m in ne nivîsî. He did not w rit e m y nam e.

pa st pr ogr e ssive ( cont inou s) Te n se

( D e m a bor îya be r de st )

di- + sim ple past t ense conj ugat ion.

Sim ple Pa st Pa st Progr e ssive

Ez çûm . diçûm . I went / w as going.
Tu peyivî. dipeyivî. You spoke/ wer e speaking.
Wî xw ar. dixwar. He at e/ was eat ing.
Wê avêt . diavêt . She t hrew/ w as t hrowing.
Me Kir. dikir. We did/ were doing.
Hun hat in. dihat in. You cam e/ were com ing.
Ew raket in. radiket in. They slept / were sleeping.

I n Kurm anj i, t he Past Progressive Tense also indicat es a const ant

or frequent pr act ice in t he past such as use d t oin English.

be r ê : form erly

M in be r ê ciza r e dik iúDQGI used t o sm oke.

W î be r ê pir dix w a r . He used t o eat m uch.

Pe r fe ct Te nse s
Pr e se nt pe r fe ct t e nse ( D e m a bor îya dûda r )

I t is used w hen t he effect s of a past act ion or event are st ill felt in
t he present or when t here are no clear indicat ions about t he t im e
t hat t he act ion t ook place.

a) I nt r a nsit ive Ve r bs

The present perfect t ense is form ed by adding t he auxiliary verb

bûn( t he present conj ugat ion used aft er a vowel) t o t he past st em .

Subj e ct + pa st st e m + Bû n
Ez çû + me I have gone
Tu çû + yî You have gone
Ew çû + ye He/ she/ it has gone
Em çû + ne We have gone
Hun çû + ne You have gone
Ew çû + ne They have gone

When t he past st em ends in a consonant , i is placed bet ween t he

pa st st e m and bûn .

Subj e ct + pa st st e m + Bû n
Ez hat + im e I have com e
Tu hat + iyî You have com e
Ew hat + iye He/ she/ it has com e
Em hat + ine We have com e
Hun hat + ine You have com e
Ew hat + ine They have com e

b) Tr a nsit ive Ve r bs The sam e conj ugat ion of bûn is used, but
unlike t he int ransit ive verb agreeing wit h t he obj ect .

Subj e ct Obj e ct pa st +
+ + st e m Bûn
You have
Te ez dît + im e.
seen m e.
Min tu dît + iyî I have seen you.
He has seen
Wî ew dît + iye
him / her/ it .
Wê em dît + ine She has seen us.
Me hun dît + ine We have seen you.
They have seen
We ew dît + ine
t hem
They have seen
We ew dît + iye
him / her/ it .

n e - is used as t he pr efix negat ing t he verb.

M a t e Aza d dît iye ? Have you seen Azad?

N a , m in e w ne dît iye . No, I haven’t seen him .
M in pir t ûk e k da ye Aza d. I have given Azad a book.
W ê pir t ûk n eda ne m in. He has not given t he books t o m e.
W a n pir t û k ne a nîne . They have not brought t he books.

Pa st Pe r fe ct Te nse
( D e m a bor îya çîr ok î

The past perfect is form ed wit h t he past st em and t he past sim ple
conj ugat ion bû n.

a) I nt r a nsit ive Ve r bs The verb agrees w it h t he subj ect , t herefore

t he conj ugat ion of bûn is in agreem ent w it h t he subj ect .

+ bûn ( sim ple past )

Ez + bûm
Tu + bû( yî) *
Ew + bû
Em + bûn
Hun + bûn
Ew + bûn

* ) - yî is frequent ly om it t ed.

Ve r b Pa st st e m
çûn ( t o go) çû
Subj e ct + pa st st e m + Bû n
Ez çû + bûm . I had gone
Tu çû + bû( yî) . You had gone
Ew çû + bû. He/ she/ it had gone
Em çû + bûn. We had gone
Hun çû + bûn. You had gone
Ew çû + bûn. They had gone

When t he past st em ends in a consonant , i is placed bet ween t he

pa st st e m and bûn .

Ve r b Pa st st e m
hat in ( t o com e) hat
Subj e ct + pa st st e m + i + Bûn
Ez hat + i + bûm I had com e
Tu hat + i + bû( yî) You had com e
Ew hat + i + bû. He/ she/ it had com e
Em hat + i + bûn. We had com e
Hun hat + i + bûn. You had com e
Ew hat + i + bûn. They had com e
Ga va k u e w ha t , hun çûbûn. When he cam e, you had gone.
Ga va k u hu n çûn, e w h a t ibûn. When you went , t hey had com e.

n e - is used as t he pr efix negat ing t he verb.

Em ne ha t ibûn . WE had not com e.

H un ne çûbûn. We had not gone.

b) Tr a nsit ive Ve r bs The verb agrees w it h t he obj ect , t herfore t he

conj ungt ion of bûn is in agr eem ent w it h t he obj ect .
Ve r b Pa st st e m
dît in ( t o see) dît
Subj e ct Obj e ct pa st +I +
+ + st e m Bû n
You had
Te ez dît + i + bûm .
seen m e.
+ i
Min tu dît I had seen you.
+ bû( yî) .
He had seen
Wî ew dît + i + bû.
him / her/ it .
Wê em dît + i + bûn. She had seen us.
Me hun dît + i + bûn. We had seen you.
They had seen
We ew dît + i + bûn.
t hem
They had seen
We ew dît + i + bû.
him / her/ it .
Ga va k u hu n h a t in, m in e w When you cam e, I had not
n e dît ibû. seen him .

Bila nî ( Opt a t ive M ood)

Bila nî is t he verbal form expressing desir e: e.g. in Greek, not in

English. I t also form s t he basis for t he Subj unct ive m ood and t he
fut ur e t e nse . a) Pr e se nt I t is form ed by replacing di- in t he
present t ense w it h bi- .

pe yivîn: t o speak

Pr e se nt Te n se Bila nî
Ez dipeyivim . Ez bipeyivim .
Tu dipeyivî. Tu bipeyivî.
Ew dipeyive. Ew bipeyive.
Em dipeyivin. Em bipeyivin.
Hun dipeyivin. Hun bipeyivin.
Ew dipeyivin. Ew bipeyivin.

bi- is not used wit h t he com pound verbs wit h non- verbal part
funct ioning as prefix.

r a bûn: st and up

Pr e se nt Te n se Bila nî
Ez radibim . Ez rabim .
Tu r adibî. Tu rabî.
Ew radibe. Ew rabe.
Em radibin. Em rabin.
Hun radibin. Hun r abin.
Ew radibin. Ew rabin.

- ne negat es t he verb. ( Ez nepeyivim , t u ranebî.)

b) Pa st Te nse bi + sim ple t ense + a

pe yivîn: t o speak

Sim ple Pa st Te nse Bila nî( Pa st Sim ple )

Ez peyivîm . Ez bipeyivîm a.
Tu peyivî. Tu bipeyivîya.
Ew peyivî. Ew bipeyivîya.
Em peyivîn. Em bipeyivîna.
Hun peyivîn. Hun bipeyivîna.
Ew peyivîn. Ew bipeyivîna.

k ir in: t o do

Sim ple Pa st Te nse Bila nî( Pa st Sim ple )

Min kir. Min bikira.
Te kir. Te bikira.
Wî kir . Wî bikira.
Me kir. Me bikira.
We kir. We bikira.
Wan kir. Wan bikira.

C) Pa st Pe r fe ct

Past Perfect t ense + a ( ya w hen follow ing a vow el.

çû n: t o go

Pa st Pe r fe ct Bila nî( Pa st Sound

Te nse Pe r fe ct ) Va r ia t ions
1 2
Ez çûbûm . Ez çûbûm a. çûbiw am a çûbam a
Tu çûbû( yî) . Tu çûbûya. çûbiw aya çûba( ya)
Ew çûbû. Ew çûbûya. çûbiw aya çûba( ya)
Em çûbûn. Em çûbûna. çûbiw ana çûbana
Hun çûbûn. Hun çûbûna. çûbiw ana çûbana
Ew çûbûn. Ew çûbûna. çûbiw ana çûbana

Kir în: t o buy

Pa st Pe r fe ct Bila nî( Pa st Soun d

Te nse Pe r fect ) Va r ia t ions
1 2
Min kirîbû. Min kirîbûya. kirîbiw a kirîba
Te kirîbû. Te kirîbûya. kirîbiw a kirîba
Wî kir îbû. Wî kir îbûya. kirîbiw a kirîba
Wê kirîbû. Wê kirîbûya. kirîbiw a kirîba
Me kirîbû. Me kirîbûya. kirîbiw a kirîba
We kirîbû. We kirîbûya. kirîbiw a kirîba
Wan kirîbû. Wan kirîbûya. kirîbiw a kirîba

Fu t u r e Te nse ( D e m a Pê úv 

subj ect + ê + bilanî

x w a r in: t o eat

Bila nî Fut ur e Te nse

Ez bixwim . Ez ê bixwim . I will eat
Tu bixw î. Tu yê* bixwî. you will eat
He/ she/ it will
Ew bixwe. Ew ê bixwe.
eat
Em bixwin. Em ê bixwin. We will eat
Hun bixwin. Hun ê bixwin. You will eat
Ew bixwin. Ew ê bixwin. They will eat

* ) ê is replaced wit h yê when following a vowel.

"t u ê " is oft en cont ract ed as t ê ( Tu yê bixwî/ Tê bixwî) .

"e w ê " is oft en cont ract ed as w ê .
I f t he subj ect is a noun, t he fut ure t ense indicat or ê m ay be
r eplaced wit h w ê or dê . ( Azad ê biçe: Azad w ê biçe/ Azad dê biçe.)

Condit iona l ( H ek a nî)

The condit ional is form ed by one of t he follow ing words ( all
m eaning if ) and Bilanî.

H ek , H e k e , k u, ge r , e ge r , he ge r : if

a) Pr e se n t

Bila nî Fut ur e Te nse

Ez biçim . Hek Ez biçim . I f I go
Tu biçî. Hek Tu biçî. I f you go
I f he/ she/ it
Ew biçe. Hek Ew biçe.
goes
Em biçin. Hek Em biçin. I f we go
Hun biçin. Hek Hun biçin. I f you go
Ew biçin. Hek Ew biçin. I f t hey go

b) Sim ple Pa st

Bila nî Fut ur e Te nse

Ez biçûm a. Hek Ez biçûm a. I f I went
Tu biçûya. Hek Tu biçûya. I f you w ent
I f he/ she/ it
Ew biçûya. Hek Ew biçûya.
went
Em biçûna. Hek Em biçûna. I f we went
Hun biçûna. Hek Hun biçûna. I f you w ent
Ew biçûna. Hek Ew biçûna. I f t hey went
H ek a nî( Pa st Soun d
Bila nî
Pe r fect ) Va r ia t ions
1 2
Ez
Hek Ez çûbûm a. çûbiwam a çûbam a
çûbûm a.
Tu çûbûya. Hek Tu çûbûya. çûbiwaya çûba( ya)
Ew çûbûya. Hek Ew çûbûya. çûbiwaya çûba( ya)
Em
Hek Em çûbûna. çûbiwana çûbana
çûbûna.
Hun
Hek Hun çûbûna. çûbiwana çûbana
çûbûna.
Ew çûbûna. Hek Ew çûbûna. çûbiw ana çûbana

H ek e z çû bûm a w ir , m e n ê ew k ir îbûya .
I f I had gone t here, I w ould have bought it .
About t he Aut hor:
He was born in Der ik, a sm all t own in Mer din province in t he Nort h
Kur dist an, in 1957. Aft er t he basic educat ion in Derik and
graduat ing at t he College ( also t raining t o becom e a prim ary school
t eacher) in Kirdhehir , he worked as a prim ary school t eacher in
Derik and I st anbul for 3.5 years. I n 1983, he graduat ed in
Econom ics in I st anbul. Due t o t he prohibit ion of any involvm ent in
Kur dish language and cult ure in Tur key, he left his count ry in 1988
and cam e t o Brit ain. Since t hen, using t he Kurdish nam e Baran
Rizgar, inst ead of t he official M.F. Onen, he has been doing
r esearch int o t he Kurdish language and also t eaching Kur dish t o
adult s at Kackney Adult Educat ion I nst it ut e in London, as w ell as
w rit ing ar t icles on t he Kurdish language. The Kurdish< - > English
dict ionary and Dersên Kurdi ( an illust rat ed t ext book on learning
and t eaching Kurdish) ar e result s of t his resear ch.

Source: Baran Rizgar, Kurdish- English English- Kurdish dict ionary,

London, 1993.