From Waste to Wealth: The Potential of Rice Hull-Dried Leaves-Used

Paper as a Briquettes

In Partial Fulfillment for Requirements to the Subject Research

Capstone Under the Track of Academic:
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

PARCA, JANIELLE CHRIZ BALITA

PICAR, TRISHA DE JESUS

RAMOS, DIVINE GRACE TABERNA

MARCH 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1
PRELIMINARIES

PAGE

Approval Sheet ……………………………………………………………………………………

i

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………....
ii

Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………………………………...
iii

Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………………...
iv

CHAPTERS

Chapter 1. The Problem and Its Background

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………..

Rationale ……………………………………………………………………………………………

Theoretical Framework …………………………………………………………………………

Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………………………...

Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………………………...

Hypothesis ……………………………………………………………………………………….

Scope and Limitations ………………………………………………………………………...

Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………………..

Definition of Terms …………………………………………………………………………….

Chapter 2. Methodology

Research Design …………………………………………………………………………………

Sources of Data …………………………………………………………………………………

Locale of Study …………………………………………………………………………………

Population Sampling ………………………………………………………………………….

Instrumentation and Data ………………………………………………………………….

2
Tools and Data Analysis …………………………………………………………………….

Ethical Consideration ……………………………………………………………………….

Chapter 3. Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion …………………………………………………………………….

Chapter 4. Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………….

Recommendation ……………………………………………………………………………

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………….

APPENDICES …………………………………………………………………………………..

CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………………………….

3
ABSTRACT

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

During the times spent to make this research entitled “FROM WASTE TO
WEALTH: THE POTENTIAL OF RICE HULL-DRIED LEAVES-USED PAPER AS
BRIQUETTES” the researcher's allocated time and days to finish and make their
research worth it. The following are acknowledged and sincerely honored by the
researchers for their invaluable assistance and support in making this study
succeed:

To our parents, who have continuously supported us financially, their

guidance, encouragement, and unwavering love to make this research possible
and their constant belief in us have motivated us to accomplish this study.

We are extremely grateful to our research capstone adviser Mrs. Marynor

A. Concubierta, for her continuous guidance, advices and effort to remind her
students on what to do in order to complete this research, as well as her
patience in checking the papers that helped the researchers in making the
research project.

We also want to thank our friends and classmates who supported us and
taking the time and effort to help us researchers complete this research.

5
 DEDICATION

This research is sincerely dedicated to our supportive families who stood

by us through every challenges and provided us with strength and motivation
that is needed to complete this research. Their encouragement and belief in us
have been our inspiration to push further and to make this research possible.

We also dedicate this paper to our research capstone Mrs. Marynor A.

Concubierta, who constantly guide us and teaches us to make this study
successful, to our family for always guiding us and to our friends who have
helped us in finishing this research project.

And lastly, we dedicate this research paper to the Almighty God, who gives
us strength, wisdom, guidance, knowledge, security and giving us good health
while doing this research. Without His divine guidance, this project would not
have been possible.

6
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Fuel is basic need in our daily life. It is used in household like cooking our
food that we eat every day. According to Cambridge, briquettes is a compressed
blocks of biomass materials. Now, in our community we use a lot of different
fuels like commercial charcoal since it is the most affordable on which in return
gives off harmful soot and smoke such as CO2. This motivated the researcher to
find a source of materials which could be a good substitute to commercial
charcoal which is more efficient and eco-friendly.

The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions has brought

attention to the potential of bio-briquettes are an alternative fuel or charcoal.
Briquettes made of biomass a common and environmentally alternative to coal
and charcoal in places where cooking fuels are limited, especially in developing
nations (Anduyan et al., 2023). These briquettes, composed of agricultural and
household waste like rice hulls, dried leaves, and used paper address two key
global challenges: waste management and energy scarcity. The manufacturing of
briquettes thus turns waste components into a fuel source. Therefore, the fact
that this sustainable technique makes it appealing. The ideal briquetting material
must be chosen by founded on the one with superior fuel qualities (Mu'az et al.,
2016).

Rice hull is the outermost layer of the paddy grain that is separated from
the rice grains during the milling process. Around 20% of paddy weight is husk
and rice production in Asia produces about 770 million tons of husks annually.
According to Martin Gummert, rice husk was largely considered a waste product
that was often burned or dumped on landfills (IRRI, n. d.). Farmers all around the
world grows rice on which humans consume rapidly, in return, there are tons of
rice hull in each year. Therefore, rice husks, have been lying waste in rice mills in
rice producing regions around the world. (Gcmachines, 2014).

7
 A leaf is a flat, thin plant organ that uses sun to make its own food. Leaves
are green and use the chemical called chlorophyll to trap energy from the sun.
This process is known as photosynthesis. Leaves are prominent in the human
diet as leaf vegetables like lettuce (Sciencewithme, 2016).

According to Biomassmagazine (2016), fuel briquettes generated by the

lowpressure compaction of paper, sawdust, agricultural or yard waste, etc.
currently serve as an alternative to firewood, wood pellets and charcoal in
developing countries in Africa, Asia and South America. The materials for bio
briquettes including paper, leaves, pine needles, sawdust and shop waste were
ground into particles of 6 to 8 millimeters (mm) in diameter to increase surface
area for soaking and to enhance packing efficiency.

Rationale

This research is conducted to utilize the rice hull, dried leaves and used
paper as an alternative fuel by making it into briquettes. Rice hull and dried
leaves, which are significant agricultural by products, serve as a more
economical adsorbent compared to commercial options, potentially providing a
new avenue for income and employment as this represents a low-cost, high-
return opportunity for farmers and rice millers. The agricultural waste produced
by rice millers and farmers is transformed into briquettes that serve as an
alternative to charcoal made from wood, helping to prevent deforestation.
Briquettes made from rice hull, dried leaves, and used paper contribute to
decreasing environmental pollution, as they are simple to manufacture, eco-
friendly, cost-efficient, and can be regenerated and reused easily, promoting
better environmental sustainability. This practice aids rice millers and farmers in
effectively disposing of their agricultural waste while enhancing their earning
potential.

Theoretical Framework

Briquettes made from rice hull, dried leaves and used paper can be a more
sustainable and long-lasting solution than charcoal made from wood. By using
this waste product as a raw material, we may reduce our dependency on wood-
based charcoal, which frequently leads to deforestation, improper trash disposal,
and environmental degradation.

As a result, briquettes created from rice hull, dried leaves and used papers
has the potential to be more affordable, long-lasting, and environmentally

8
friendly than charcoal made from wood. More research and testing are needed to
verify this theory and evaluate whether it is possible to scale up the production
and application of briquettes derived from rice husks, dried leaves and used
paper in a variety of settings.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Data analysis 1. Produced an

including: alternative
3. Following the rice hull, dried
steps for making leaves and
an alternative rice used paper-
1. Carbonized Rice
hull, dried leaves based
Hull, Dried
and used paper- briquettes.
Leaves and
based briquettes. 2. The
Paper
4. Data collecting presentation
2. Binder
5. Planning of rice hull,
(Cornstarch
operations, dried leaves
solution)
experimenting, and used
and producing the paper- based
product. Y briquettes and
its potential
for users.

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Using charcoal produced from wood has been causing damage to the
community and ecosystem since it is now used mostly by people and still
remains in use for household purposes and other things. The researcher suggests
using rice hull, dried leaves and used paper briquettes for new installations since
it is simple to use, organic, and environmentally friendly, it may be used in
replacement of wood, which is now an innovative way of decreasing
environmental concerns.

The IPO framework was used to demonstrate the process of applying a rice
hull, dried leaves and used paper-based briquettes for users, as seen in Figure 1.
What goes into input is the rice hull, dried leaves and used paper which is our

9
independent variable, and the alternative raw material for making briquettes as
our dependent variable. What causes the change is the process, which is the
data analysis used to conduct the study and conduct the experiment, and what
comes out is the output, which highlights the outcomes and the success of the
product.

Statement of the Problem

This study is to prove that rice hull, dried leaves and used paper-based
briquettes can be an alternative for wood-based charcoal that can be used for
home cooking purposes.

As a result, it is necessary to investigate and create sustainable solutions

to encourage the production and use of briquettes made from rice hull, which
may help to lessen deforestation, combat climate change, and enhance
livelihoods.

Within this research, we are trying to answer the following questions:

1. Is rice hull, dried leaves and used paper effective as an alternative to

produce briquettes?
2. Does rice hull, dried leaves and used paper contribute to a positive
environmental benefit that can have an impact to the nature?
3. Why does rice hull, dried leaves and used paper briquettes attractive for
rural environmental development?
Hypothesis

1. The usage of rice hull, dried leaves and used paper briquette is very
effective in making marketable briquettes, preventing deforestation, and
providing proper waste disposal. These activities have great benefits for
those who engage in them.
H a : The use of Rice hull, dried leaves and used paper briquette in Making
Marketable briquette, Prevention of Deforestation, and Proper Waste
Disposal is effective.
H o : The use of Rice hull, dried leaves and used paper in Making
Marketable briquette, Prevention of Deforestation, and Proper Waste
Disposal is not effective.
2. There are a lot of variables that influence the usage of Rice hull, dried
leaves and used paper briquettes provided to positive benefits.

10
 H a : There are positive benefits of using Rice hull, dried leaves and used
paper briquette provide for those who use it.
H o : There are no positive benefits of using Rice hull, dried leaves and
used paper provide for those who use it.
3. The usage of Rice hull, dried leaves and used paper briquettes have huge
number of different purposes for the people who use it.
H a : There are advantages of using Rice hull, dried leaves and used paper
briquette provide for those who use it.
H o : There are no advantages of using Rice hull, dried leaves and used
paper briquette provide for those who use it.
Scope and Limitations

The researchers designed this study to understand the potential of

utilizing rice hull, dried leaves and used paper for cooking as an alternative to
wood fuel. In this study, we gathered statistics through conducting surveys
among the current users of wood-based charcoal in Juan Cartas, Caba, La Union.

This will determine the current problems of both entities involved and their
advantages and benefits. Considering the populations of the users of wood-
based charcoal in Juan Cartas, Caba, La Union. The researchers took 10 samples
from the total population of wood-based charcoal users for home cooking
purposes in Juan Cartas, Caba, La Union. Our analysis and conclusions are limited
by the information given by the results of the questionnaire forms.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:

Students. This study would benefit the students for they would gain some
knowledge and thoughts on which they can share to others or may give them
ideas to try other things that may have wonder them. It can refresh their minds
and they can find new things.

Teachers. This study would benefit the teachers for they may learn and
understand the things that bother them and they can share the ideas they learn
to their students who can motivate them to explore many new things.

Charcoal Users. This study would benefit the charcoal users as it produces
fewer smoke and toxins, potentially leading to improved indoor air quality.
Additionally, cooking with rice hull, dried leaves and used paper presents a cost-

11
effective alternative to wood-based charcoal, particularly for low-income
households.

Rice Millers. This study would benefit the rice millers as it might increase their
income and profit. Rice millers can also reduce waste disposal expenses and
increase environmental sustainability by selling or using rice husks for charcoal
production.

Farmers. This study would benefit the farmers as it might increase their income
and profit.

Future Researchers. This study could benefit the future researchers for they
can gain some new ideas or they could form something out from the study that
will motivate them to use and apply it to their own study. For them to encourage
other researchers who have difficulties in their studies and to gain new things
and tactics for their study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms and definitions have come up from the interpretation of the
data. These are derived through basing from our study.

Biomass - is energy that is organic matter, especially plant matter that can
be converted to fuel and is therefore regarded as a potential energy source

Briquette - a small block of compressed coal dust or charcoal used for fuel,
especially in barbecuing. A molded block of any material (Dictionary, 2016).
In this study, the product made from the materials given is briquette.

Carbonized Rice Hull - refers to the rice husk that has undergone a thermal
process known as carbonization.

Charcoal - is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly

heating wood in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile
constituents.

Rice Millers - Individuals or companies engaged in the process of rice

milling, which involves removing the outer husk of rice grains to produce
polished rice. Rice millers may produce rice-husk-based charcoal as a
byproduct of the milling process.

12
 Wood-based charcoal - A type of charcoal produced from the burning of
wood, typically obtained from trees. Wood-based charcoal has been
traditionally used for cooking and heating purposes.

Chapter 2

Methodology

Research Design

To obtain the specific data necessary for this study, a combination of

observational, interview, and experimental methods was employed. This
approach helps in identifying existing information and data regarding the
potential of using briquettes made from rice hulls, dried leaves, and used paper
as a substitute for wood-based charcoal to mitigate environmental issues. The
researchers chose to use experimental methods to assist farmers in managing
rice hull and dried leaves waste and to assess who would benefit from the
briquettes made from rice hulls, dried leaves, and used paper. Additionally, the
researchers utilized a descriptive-survey methodology to explore the ‘who, what,
and how’ of the topic being examined.

Sources of Data

The information for this analysis was obtained from primary sources,
specifically the individuals who utilize wood-based charcoal for cooking in Juan
Cartas, Caba, La Union, and a survey questionnaire was used to collect data.

Locale of Study

This research took place in Juan Cartas, Caba, La Union, where a

significant number of residents rely on wood-based charcoal for home cooking
purposes.

Population Sampling

The participants of the study will be the users of wood-based charcoal for
home cooking purposes in Juan Cartas, Caba, La Union. In sum up this study has
a total number of 15 respondents.

13
 In this study, the researchers used purposive sampling method for the
selection of respondents to focus on the specific characteristics of the population
where the researchers are interested in, which can help the researchers to
achieve more meaningful and targeted results.

Instrumentation and Data Collection

In order to collect data for this study’s investigation into the potential of
rice hull, dried leaves and used paper briquettes, the researchers will employ a
survey questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire is designed to ask specific
questions on the efficiency of the briquettes made of rice hull, dried leaves and
used paper for home cooking, such as how long the briquettes lasts and what
challenges the samples face when using the briquettes. The interview is
designed to ask in-depth questions to the respondents about the tested product,
and farmers about their situation in disposal of the agricultural waste— rice hull
and dried leaves. The potential of rice hull, dried leaves and used paper for home
cooking, benefits to the users and environment, and any areas for improvement
can then be discovered using the data from the questionnaire.

Tools and Data Analysis

The percentage can be utilized as a statistical tool to describe the qualities of

a data set. Finally, a pie chart was used to visualize and interpret relevant and
useful information. It examines the aim based on the responses of the
interviewees, who are sample who used wood-based charcoal for home cooking
in Juan Cartas, Caba, La Union.

Researches came up with the result by taking the frequency in the category
divided by the total number of participants and multiplying by 100%.

x
FORMULA: P= ∙ 100 %
y

Where:

x= frequency

y= total number of respondents

%= 100

Procedures

14
Ethical Consideration

The participants will not suffer any adverse effects from their involvement
in this research. The individuals taking part in the study, who use wood-based
charcoal in Juan Cartas, Caba, La Union, will provide their informed consent prior
to the commencement of the research. Additionally, the privacy of the research
participants will be safeguarded. It is important that respondents choose to
engage in the study willingly. Furthermore, participants have the option to
withdraw from the study at any point if they wish. A high degree of
confidentiality will be maintained in the handling of the data. We will ensure that
no misleading information is presented and that the results of the primary data
collection are portrayed accurately and fairly. On the other hand, maintaining the
utmost degree of objectivity in all discussions and analyses will be
acknowledged. The disclosure of all affiliations, funding sources, and possible
conflicts of interest is also included. Lastly, all communications related to this
action study will be transparent and honest.

The participants will not suffer any adverse effects from their involvement
in this research. The individuals taking part in the study, who use wood-based
charcoal in Juan Cartas, Caba, La Union, will provide their informed consent prior
to the commencement of the research. Additionally, the privacy of the research
participants will be safeguarded. It is important that respondents choose to
engage in the study willingly. Furthermore, participants have the option to
withdraw from the study at any point if they wish. A high degree of
confidentiality will be maintained in the handling of the data. We will ensure that
no misleading information is presented and that the results of the primary data
collection are portrayed accurately and fairly. On the other hand, maintaining the
utmost degree of objectivity in all discussions and analyses will be
acknowledged. The disclosure of all affiliations, funding sources, and possible
conflicts of interest is also included. Lastly, all communications related to this
action study will be transparent and honest.

15
 Chapter 3

Results and Discussion

Here are the tallied results of the questionnaire:

"Have you ever used charcoal or briquettes for cooking be-

fore?"

Sometimes
27%

Yes, regularly
73%

Yes, regularly Sometimes No, never

Table 1. Respondents’ Responses on survey of have they ever used charcoal or

briquettes for cooking before.

Table 1 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was “Have
you ever used charcoal or briquettes for cooking before?” The result was 73%
said Yes, 27% said Sometimes, while 0% answered Never.

Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 73% (11

farmers) said that they have used charcoal for cooking regularly, while 27% (4
farmers) said they have sometimes used charcoal for cooking. No farmers chose
“No, never.”

16
 Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 have used charcoal or briquettes for
cooking.

"What type of fuel do you primarily use for cooking?"

LPG
27%

Wood/
Charcoal
73%

LPG Wood/Charcoal Electricity/Induction

Table 2. Respondents’ Response on survey on what fuel do they primarily use

for cooking.

Table 2 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was “What
type of fuel do you primarily use for cooking?" The result was 73% said
Wood/Charcoal, 27% said LPG and 0% answered Electricity/Induction.

Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 73% of

respondents (11 farmers) use Wood/Charcoal for cooking, 27% (4 farmers) use
LPG for cooking, while 0% (0 farmer) use Electricity/Induction for cooking.

Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 use wood/charcoal for cooking.

17
 "How do you think the importance of finding alternatives
to traditional wood-based charcoal?"
Neutral
13%

Very important
53%

Somewhat impor-
tant
33%

Very important Somewhat important Neutral Not important

Table 3. Respondents’ Response on survey how do they think the importance of

finding alternatives to traditional wood-based charcoal?

Table 3 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was "How
do you think the importance of finding alternatives to traditional wood-based
charcoal?" The result was 54% said Very Important, 33% said Somewhat
Important, 13% said Neutral and 0% answered Not Important.

Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 54% of

respondents (8 farmers) thinks that finding alternatives to traditional wood-based
charcoal is very Important, 33% (5 farmers) thinks that finding alternatives to
traditional wood-based charcoal is somewhat important, 13% (2 farmers) thinks
that finding alternatives to traditional wood-based charcoal is Neutral, while 0%
(0 farmer) thinks that finding alternatives to traditional wood-based charcoal is
Not Important.

Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 thinks that finding alternatives to traditional
wood-based cooking is Very Important.

18
 "How likely are you going to use briquettes that are made
from rice hull, dried leaves, and used paper if they are
proven effective?"
Neutral
11%

Very likely
44%

Likely
44%

Very likely Likely Neutral Unlikely Very unlikely

Table 4. Respondents’ Response on survey on how likely they are going to use
briquettes that are made from rice hull, dried leaves and used paper if it’s proven
effective.

Table 4 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was "How
likely are you going to use briquettes that are made from rice hull, dried leaves,
and used paper if they are proven effective?" the result was 45% said Vey Likely,
44% said Likely, 11% said Neutral while No farmers chose “Unlikely” and “Very
Unlikely.”

Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 45% of

respondents (8 farmers) said that they are Very Likely to use briquettes that are
made from rice hull-dried leaves and used paper, 44% (5 farmers) said that they
are Likely to use briquettes that are made of rice hull-dried leaves and used
paper if it’s proven effective, 11% (2 farmers) said that they are Neutral to use
briquettes that are made of rice hull, dried leaves and used paper if it’s proven
effective, 0% (0 farmer) said that they unlikely and very unlikely to use
briquettes that are made of rice hull, dried leaves and used paper if it’s proven
effective.

Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 are Very Likely to use briquettes that are
made of rice hull, dried leaves and used paper.

19
 "What factors would most influence your decision to use al-
ternative briquettes?"
Availability
10%
Environmental
benefits
Cost-effectiveness 37%
23%

Cooking efficiency
30%

Environmental benefits Cooking efficiency Cost-effectiveness Availability

Table 5. Respondents’ Response on survey on what factors would most influence

their decision to use alternative briquettes.

Table 5 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was "What
factors would most influence your decision to use alternative briquettes?" the
result was 37% said Environmental benefits, 30% said Cooking efficiency, 23%
said Cost-effectiveness and 10% answered Availability.

Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 37% of

respondents (11 farmers) believe that the factors influence their decision to use
alternative briquettes is Environmental benefits, Cooking efficiency (23%) and
Cost-effectiveness (23%). However, a smaller percentage (10% or 3 farmers)
said that one of the factors that influence their decision to use alternative
briquettes is availability.

Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 believe that Environmental benefits,
Cooking efficiency and Cost-effectiveness can influence their decision to use
alternative briquettes.

20
 "How do you perceive the potential environmental benefits
of using briquettes made from waste materials?"
Neutral
7%

Somewhat bene-
ficial
27%

Very beneficial
67%

Very beneficial Somewhat beneficial Neutral Not beneficial

Table 6. Respondents’ Response on survey on how can they perceive

environmental benefits of using briquettes made from waste materials.

Table 6 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was "How
do you perceive the potential environmental benefits of using briquettes made
from waste materials?" the result was 67% said Very Beneficial, 27% said
Somewhat Beneficial, 6% said Neutral and no one chose “Not Beneficial.”

Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 67% of

respondents (12 farmers) said that they are Very Beneficial of using briquettes
that are made from waste materials, 27% (4 farmers) said that they are
Somewhat Beneficial of using briquettes that are made from waste materials, 6%
(1 farmer) said that they are neutral of using briquettes that are made from
waste materials. Notably, no respondents (0 farmer) stated that they are Not
Beneficial of using briquettes that is made from waste materials

Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 believe that using briquettes that is made
from waste materials is Very Beneficial.

21
 "What challenges do you think might prevent people from
using alternative briquettes?"
Performance concerns
(like its burning effi-
ciency)
33%

Lack of awareness
53%

Limited availability
13%

Lack of awareness High production cost

Limited availability Performance concerns (like its burning efficiency)

Table 7. Respondents’ Response on survey on what challenges they think might

prevent people from using alternative briquettes.

Table 7 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was "What
challenges do you think might prevent people from using alternative briquettes?"
the result was 54% said Lack of Awareness, 33% said Performance Concerns,
13% said Limited Availability. Notably, no respondents chose "High Production
Cost.”

Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 54% of

respondents (8 farmers) said that lack of awareness prevents them to use
alternative briquettes, 33% (5 farmers) said that performance concerns like its
burning efficiency prevents them to use alternative briquettes, 13% (2 farmers)
said that limited availability prevents them to use alternative briquettes, while
0% (0 farmer) said that high production costs prevents them to use alternative
briquettes

Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 thinks that lack of awareness prevents them
to use alternative briquettes.

22
 "Do you believe that using briquettes from rice hull, dried
leaves, and used paper can help reduce deforestation?"
Neutral
7%

Agree
93%

Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree

Table 8. Respondents’ Response on survey on do they believe that using

briquettes from rice hull, dried leaves and used paper can help reduce
deforestation.

Table 8 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was "Do
you believe that using briquettes from rice hull, dried leaves, and used paper can
help reduce deforestation?" the result was 93% Agreed, 7% said Neutral, while
0% (0 farmer) disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement.
Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 93% of
respondents (14 farmers) agreed that using briquettes from rice hull, dried
leaves and used paper can help reduce deforestation, 7% (1 farmer) answered
neutral that using briquettes from rice hull, dried leaves and used paper can help
reduce deforestation. No respondents expressed disagreement or strong
disagreement.
Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 agreed that using briquettes from rice hull,
dried leaves and used paper can help deforestation.

23
 "Would you be willing to support or promote the use of
these alternative briquettes that is eco-friendly in your
community?"
Maybe, if it's proven effec-
tive
13%

Yes, definitely
87%

Yes, definitely Maybe, if it's proven effective

No, I'm not interested

Table 9. Respondents’ Response on survey on would they be willing to support

or promote the use of alternative briquettes that is eco-friendly in their
community.

Table 8 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was "Would
you be willing to support or promote the use of these alternative briquettes that
is eco-friendly in your community?” the result was 87% said Yes, 13% said Maybe
and no respondents chose “No.”

Based on the table, a significant portion of the respondents, 87% of

respondents (13 farmers) answered that they would definitely support and
promote the use of alternative briquettes to their community, 13% (2 farmers)
answered that they will support and promote the use of alternative briquettes to
their community if it’s proven effective, while 0% (0 farmer) answered that
they’re not interested in supporting and promoting the use of alternative
briquettes to their community.

Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 that they are willing to support and promote
the use of eco-friendly briquettes to their community.

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 "Would you be interested to learn how to make briquettes
from waste materials for your personal use? "

Yes
100%

Yes Maybe No

Table 10. Respondents’ Response on survey on would they be interested to

learn how to make briquettes from waste materials for their personal use.

Table 8 shows the percentage of the responses to a survey given to 15

farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024, one of the questions was "Would
you be interested to learn how to make briquettes from waste materials for your
personal use?” the result was 100% said Yes and no respondents answered
“Maybe” and “No.”

The survey was conducted among 15 farmers of Juan Cartas, La Union in

March 2024, and the results were as follows: 100% of respondents (15 farmers)
is interested to learn on how to make briquettes from waste materials for their
personal use, while 0% (0 farmer) answered maybe and no in learning on how to
make briquettes from waste materials from their personal use.

Based on the results, the researchers found that majority of the farmers in
Juan Cartas, La Union in March 2024 that they are willing to support and promote
the use of eco-friendly briquettes to their community.

25
 Chapter 4

Summary

Conclusion

Recommendation

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE

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