A

Project Report (font size 16)

on (font size 14)
Project Title (font size 18)
submitted as partial fulfillment for the award of (font size 14)
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (font size 22)
DEGREE (font size 20)
SESSION 2022-23 (font size 12)
in
Name of discipline (font size 18)
By (font size 14)
Utkarsh Jain(2100290100178)
Tushar Kumar(2100290100176)
Pranav Mishra (2100290100116)

Under the supervision of (font size 16)

Mr.Rahul Sharma

KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad

Affiliated to
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow
(Formerly UPTU)
May, 2023
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of our knowledge
and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor
material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or
diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature

Name:

Roll No.:

Date:

ii
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Project Title” which is submitted by Student
name in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B. Tech. in Department
of Computer Science & Engineering of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University,
Lucknow is a record of the candidates own work carried out by them under my supervision.
The matter embodied in this report is original and has not been submitted for the award of any
other degree.

Supervisor Name Dr. Vineet Sharma

(Designation) (Head of Department)

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iii
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project undertaken
during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to superisor name, Department
of Computer Science & Engineering, KIET, Ghaziabad, for his constant support and guidance
throughout the course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a
constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavors have
seen light of the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Vineet Sharma, Head of
the Department of Computer Science & Engineering, KIET, Ghaziabad, for his full support
and assistance during the development of the project. We also do not like to miss the
opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all the faculty members of the department for
their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members, especially faculty/industry person/any person, of the department for their kind
assistance and cooperation during the development of our project. Last but not the least, we
acknowledge our friends for their contribution in the completion of the project.

Date:
Signature:
Name :
Roll No.:

ABSTRACT

iv
The Multi-Disease Prediction System (MDPS) uses advanced machine learning
algorithms like Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machines to provide accurate
predictions for multiple diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and Parkinson’s
disease. Its intuitive interface allows healthcare professionals to make
quick, data-driven decisions. The system analyzes health parameters like blood
pressure, cholesterol levels, pulse rate, and heart rate to deliver early diagnoses,
supporting personalized healthcare. Unlike traditional single-disease models,
MDPS integrates multiple parameters and analyzes complex relationships, ensuring
a comprehensive and reliable diagnostic tool. Its scalable architecture
supports real-time diagnostic applications and offers flexibility for future updates.
By improving diagnostic accuracy and streamlining healthcare workflows,
MDPS enhances healthcare outcomes and optimizes resource utilization.
Keywords: Streamlit, Machine Learning, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Parkinson’s
Disease, SVM, Logistic Regression.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No.

DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………. ii
CERTIFICATE……………………………………………………………………… iii
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………. iv
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………..... v
LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………… xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………. xii

CHAPTER 1 (INTRODUCTION)…………………………………………………. 1

1.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………... 1
1.2. Project Description……………………………………………………………… 1

CHAPTER 2 (LITERATURE RIVIEW)…………………………………………. 2

2.1. Sub heading1 …… …………............................................................................. 2

2.2. Sub heading2 .…................................................................................................ 2
2.2.1 Sub sub-heading1 …………....................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 3 (PROPOSED METHODOLOGY) ….................................................. 3

3.1. Sub heading ……................................................................................................ 3

CHAPTER 4 (RESULTS AND DISCUSSION) ........................................................ 4

CHAPTER 7 (CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE).................................. 5

7.1. Conclusion...................................................................................................... 5
7.2. Future Scope................................................................................................... 5

vi
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………. 6
APPENDEX1………………………………………………………………………... 7

LIST OF FIGURES

vii
Figure No. Description Page No.

1.1 Name of the figure 2

LIST OF TABLES

viii
Table. No. Description Page No.

1.1 Name of the Table 22

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ix
NAM Network Animator

x
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a disruptive force in medical diagnostics,
offering novel solutions that improve the accuracy, speed, and reliability
of predicting patient outcomes. As the healthcare business increasingly relies
on data-driven procedures, ML techniques are gaining popularity for their capacity
to find complicated patterns and connections that conventional human
analysis frequently overlooks. These developments have not only enhanced diagnostic
precision, but have also opened up new avenues for solving complex
healthcare concerns. However, present diagnostic models are mostly focused on
single-disease identification, which limits their reach and effectiveness in situations
where many illnesses coexist. This constraint highlights the need for a
more robust and diverse diagnostic technique that can handle the intricacies of
real-world medical situations.

1
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

The integration of machine learning (ML) into healthcare diagnostics has revolutionized
the field, enabling data-driven insights that significantly enhance the
accuracy of illness prediction. Recent research highlights a gradual evolution
from single-disease models to multi-disease prediction systems, underscoring
the limitations of traditional methodologies and the transformative impact of
advanced ML techniques.
Machine learning approaches, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector
Machines (SVM), and Random Forest, have demonstrated exceptional capabilities
in identifying intricate patterns within patient data—patterns often
overlooked by conventional diagnostic techniques. These algorithms have been
applied effectively to forecast a range of illnesses, such as diabetes, cardiovascular
diseases, and neurological conditions, facilitating early diagnosis and personalized
healthcare interventions. However, a critical limitation of these models
lies in their narrow focus on specific diseases, necessitating the development of
individual models for each ailment. This results in inefficiencies and fragmented
diagnostic workflows.
Traditional diagnostic frameworks often isolate the evaluation of individual
diseases, leading to a fragmented approach that hinders comprehensive healthcare
delivery. As noted by Nguyen et al. (2020) and Smith et al. (2021), this
fragmentation not only delays timely diagnosis but also places an undue operational
burden on healthcare providers. Consequently, there is an increasingdemand for integrated
systems capable of addressing multiple diseases simultaneously.

The advent of integrated prediction models represents a major milestone in

healthcare diagnostics. By analyzing multiple health conditions concurrently,
these models streamline processes, optimize resource allocation, and enhance
diagnostic efficiency. Liu et al. (2019) proposed an ensemble-based framework
for predicting diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, while Sharma et al.
(2021) demonstrated the efficacy of SVM in multi-disease classification tasks.
These studies underscore the ability of unified systems to address nonlinear data
interactions effectively, making them invaluable in complex diagnostic scenarios.
The deployment of ML models on accessible and interactive platforms has
accelerated the adoption of these technologies in healthcare. Patel et al. (2020)
emphasized the advantages of using Streamlit for healthcare applications, highlighting
its real-time feedback capabilities, scalable architecture, and intuitive
user interfaces. These features position Streamlit as a preferred platform for implementing
ML-based diagnostic tools, bridging the gap between technological
innovation and practical healthcare delivery.

3
To remain relevant in the ever-evolving landscape of healthcare, modern diagnostic
systems must prioritize scalability and adaptability. Chen et al. (2022)
underscored the importance of modular designs that allow for the seamless integration
of new diseases or methodologies without requiring extensive system
overhauls. Such flexibility ensures that diagnostic tools remain responsive to
emerging medical challenges, thereby enhancing their long-term utility.
Despite notable advancements, multi-disease prediction systems face several
challenges, including the necessity for high-quality datasets, concerns over data
privacy, and the interpretability of complex models. Researchers advocate for
robust data preprocessing techniques, adherence to stringent data protection
regulations, and the incorporation of explainable AI frameworks to address these
challenges effectively.
The present study on the Multi-Disease Prediction System (MDPS) aligns
with these findings, offering a unified diagnostic framework that overcomes the
limitations of fragmented systems. By leveraging ML techniques such as logistic
regression and SVM, MDPS integrates scalable structures, real-time feedback
mechanisms, and user-friendly platforms like Streamlit. This approach not only
bridges critical gaps in existing research but also paves the way for innovative,
comprehensive diagnostic systems that enhance patient outcomes and streamline
healthcare delivery.

4
5
 CHAPTER 3

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

The Medical Decision Prediction System (MDPS) is a robust and effective predictive
system designed to handle complex healthcare data and deliver reliable
disease predictions. Its development process involves several stages, ensuring
accuracy, reliability, and consistency throughout each phase. Each step contributes
to building a robust predictive system:

3.1 Data Collection

The data collecting phase is an important step in the creation of the Medical
Decision Support System (MDPS), since it entails gathering data from several
sources to produce a complete dataset for reliable illness prediction models.
Primary data sources include electronic health records (EHRs), public health
databases, Kaggle datasets, hospital data, peer-reviewed medical literature and
journals, and other publicly available sources. EHRs store specific patient information
such as medical history, test results, diagnostic reports, and treatment
outcomes, which is critical for evaluating patient health over time and
anticipating illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
Public health databases, such as the UCI Machine Learning Repository and the
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), provide largescale
health data, including demographic and clinical information, to enable in
recognizing illness trends at the population level. Kaggle Datasets, a prominent
data science website, provides a wide selection of datasets from many areas,
including structured data such as patient demographics, lab test results, and
medical diagnoses, which are required for training machine learning models to
forecast certain diseases. Hospital-specific datasets, such as anonymised patient
data, medical imaging, lab test results, and treatment responses, are critical for
creating systems that are suited to specific medical contexts and populations.

3.2 Data Preprocessing

The preprocessing phase is a crucial step in transforming raw, unstructured data
into a clean, usable format for machine learning analysis. It involves several key
steps, including data cleaning to remove anomalies, normalization to ensure
uniformity across features, encoding to convert categorical data into numerical
format, and handling missing values using imputation methods. Data cleaning
removes anomalies, errors, and inconsistencies, while normalization scales data
to prevent disproportionate influence of larger numerical ranges. Encoding converts
categorical data into numerical format, making it compatible with machine
learning algorithms. Imputation methods, such as mean or median substitution,
fill in missing data points, ensuring the model remains robust and avoids bias
during training. This step ensures the data is clean, consistent, and properly
formatted, providing a solid foundation for training accurate predictive models
6
3.3 Model Selection
The next phase involves model selection, where various machine learning algorithms
are tested to determine the most effective ones for predicting targeted
diseases. These algorithms include Na¨ıve Bayes, Decision Trees, Random Forest,
Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Each algorithm
is evaluated based on performance metrics like accuracy, precision, and recall.
The goal is to determine which algorithm is best suited for predicting specific
diseases. Logistic Regression and SVM are chosen due to their high accuracy
and versatility in handling both linear and non-linear relationships in the data.
Their robustness and performance in various predictive tasks make them ideal
for the MDPS framework. The goal is to find the most suitable algorithm for
predicting targeted diseases.

3.4 Data Splitting

The data is divided into two subsets to assess the generalization capabilities
of the selected models. The training set is used to train predictive models,
learning the relationships between input features and target outcomes. The
testing set evaluates the models’ accuracy and reliability when exposed to new
data, ensuring they don’t overfit the training set. Cross-validation techniques
are employed to enhance the model’s robustness and reliability. This involves
dividing the data into multiple subsets and training the model multiple times
on different combinations of these folds. This prevents overfitting and ensures
consistent performance across different data partitions, resulting in more reliable
and generalizable predictions.

3.5 Deployment and Integration

The Streamlit framework is used to deploy machine learning models, which are
designed for interactive and user-friendly web applications. The platform allows

users to input various health metrics, such as age and medical history, and the
system processes the data in real time, delivering accurate disease predictions.
This approach ensures accessibility for healthcare professionals and patients,
enhancing its utility across different demographics. The trained models are serialized
using Pickle, a Python library, for seamless integration and scalability.
This approach simplifies the deployment process and facilitates the incorporation
of updates, such as new disease models or algorithm improvements. This
approach supports scalability by adapting to evolving healthcare needs and ensuring
the system remains reliable, responsive, and capable of meeting modern
healthcare applications’ demands.

7
8
 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Medical Decision Prediction System (MDPS) is a significant advancement

in multi-disease prediction, enhancing accuracy and efficiency through advanced
machine learning algorithms and its ability to integrate predictions across multiple
diseases, transforming healthcare diagnostics, according to a study. Key
findings include:
• Enhanced Predictive Accuracy: The Medical Decision Prediction System
(MDPS) has demonstrated exceptional predictive capabilities, achieving
an accuracy of 94.7% in diagnosing diseases like Parkinson’s. This high
level of accuracy is primarily attributed to the utilization of the Support
Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, renowned for its proficiency in handling
complex and non-linear relationships in data. By analyzing intricate patterns
and interactions within patient data, the system ensures precision
in predictions, addressing one of the most critical aspects of healthcare
diagnostics.
This high predictive accuracy is pivotal for early disease detection, which
plays a crucial role in mitigating risks associated with delayed or inaccurate
diagnoses. For example, early identification of Parkinson’s disease
allows healthcare providers to implement timely interventions, improving
patient outcomes and quality of life. Furthermore, the reliability of
predictions minimizes the need for redundant testing, thereby optimizing
resource utilization in medical settings.

Streamlined Diagnostics: The MDPS introduces a unified platform for

multi-disease prediction, significantly simplifying the diagnostic process.
Traditional systems often require separate tools and models for different
conditions, leading to fragmented workflows and inefficiencies. The MDPS
addresses this challenge by consolidating predictions for multiple diseases,
including:
1. Diabetes: Achieving an impressive 92.3% accuracy
2. Heart Disease: Demonstrating a high 93.8% accuracy
3. Parkinson’s Disease: Excelling with a 94.7% accuracy
This integrated approach eliminates the need for multiple diagnostic systems,
streamlining workflows and reducing the time required for decisionmaking.
Physicians and healthcare professionals benefit from a single

interface that offers a comprehensive overview of a patient’s health, enabling

quicker and more informed decisions. This not only enhances the
efficiency of healthcare delivery but also improves patient care quality by
providing timely and accurate diagnoses.
The system’s ability to handle multiple diseases concurrently ensures that
9
patients receive holistic evaluations, reducing the likelihood of overlooking
coexisting conditions. For instance, a patient exhibiting symptoms of
both diabetes and heart disease can be diagnosed simultaneously, enabling
coordinated and effective treatment plans.
• Scalability: The MDPS is a modern diagnostic system designed with a
modular architecture that allows for the seamless integration of new disease
models with minimal modifications. This ensures the system remains
robust and functional as healthcare needs grow and diversify. The system’s
scalability extends beyond the addition of new disease models, as
it provides real-time data integration, enabling healthcare professionals to
adapt dynamically to changes in patient conditions. This is particularly
important in emergency scenarios, where timely and accurate information
can significantly influence outcomes. The MDPS’s design prioritizes
future-proofing, incorporating flexible thresholds and modular configurations,
allowing it to be updated without requiring a complete overhaul.
This scalability, adaptability, and real-time responsiveness make it a vital

tool for the future of precision medicine, providing accurate, reliable, and
comprehensive diagnostics that will transform healthcare delivery.
The MDPS system has the potential to revolutionize healthcare diagnostics
by providing reliable early detection and personalized care. It improves
predictive accuracy, streamlines diagnostics, and ensures scalability for future
expansions. The system’s ability to predict multiple diseases simultaneously in
a unified platform positions it as an invaluable tool in the ongoing evolution
of healthcare systems, ensuring better outcomes through early intervention and
more precise medical care.

10
11
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

The Medical Decision Prediction System (MDPS) is a groundbreaking tool that

uses machine learning algorithms to predict multiple diseases simultaneously,
offering a new paradigm in healthcare diagnostics. Unlike traditional models,
MDPS can predict conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and Parkinson’s
disease, enhancing diagnostic capabilities and providing efficiency and comprehensive
healthcare management. Early detection of critical diseases is crucial
for timely intervention and better disease management, ultimately improving
patient outcomes. The MDPS is designed with a modular architecture, ensuring
its adaptability and scalability. It can incorporate updated algorithms or
models as medical knowledge evolves and new diseases are identified

Real-time data analysis is also crucial for adapting to the dynamic nature of
healthcare. By integrating diverse datasets, the system enhances its predictive
accuracy and reliability. Its user-friendly interface ensures accessibility for both
healthcare professionals and patients, facilitating faster decision-making.
Furthermore, the system reduces diagnostic fragmentation by consolidating
predictions into a unified framework, simplifying healthcare workflows. The
MDPS also supports continuous learning, enabling it to refine its predictions
as more data becomes available. This research demonstrates the transformative
potential of machine learning in healthcare by providing more efficient and
comprehensive diagnostic solutions. The MDPS not only improves diagnostic
accuracy but also promotes resource optimization by reducing the need for multiple
separate systems. This study underscores the promise of machine learning
to revolutionize healthcare by enabling the simultaneous prediction of multiple
diseases, setting the stage for more inclusive, efficient, and accurate diagnostic
solutions.

12
 REFERENCES

1. Katarya, R., & Srinivas, P. (2020). Predicting heart disease at early stages
using machine learning: A survey. International Conference on Electronics
and Sustainable Communication Systems, pp. 302–305.
2. Poudel, R. P., Lamichhane, S., Kumar, A., et al. (2018). Predicting the
risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using data mining techniques. Journal of
Diabetes Research, 1686023.
3. Ismaeel, S., Miri, A., & Chourishi, D. (2015). Using the extreme learning
machine technique for heart disease diagnosis. IEEE Canada International
Humanitarian Technology Conference, pp 1-3
4. Gavhane, A., Kokkula, G., Pandya, I., & Devadkar, K. (2018). Prediction
of heart disease using machine learning. International Conference on
Electronics, Communication, and Aerospace Technology, pp. 1275–1278.
5. Deo, R. C. (2015). Machine learning in medicine. Circulation, 132(20),
1920–1930.
6. Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J. The Elements of Statistical Learning:
Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. 2nd ed. Springer; 2009.
7. McKinney W, van der Walt S, Lamoureux C, et al. Data structures for
statistical computing in Python. In: Proceedings of the 9th Python in
Science Conference; 2010.
13
Ahmad F, Hussain M, Khan MK, et al. Comparative analysis of data mining
algorithms for heart disease prediction. J Med Syst. 2019;43(4):101.

9. Parashar A, Gupta A, Gupta A. Machine learning techniques for diabetes

prediction. Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng. 2014;4(3):672-675.
10. Breiman L, Friedman JH, Olshen RA, Stone CJ. Classification and Regression
Trees. Wadsworth and Brooks; 1984.
11. Paniagua JA, Molina-Antonio JD, Lopez- Martinez F, et al. Heart disease
prediction using random forests. J Med Syst. 2019;43(10):329.
12. Al-Mallah MH, Aljizeeri A, Ahmed AM, et al. Prediction of diabetes
mellitus type-II using machine learning techniques. Int J Med Inform.
2014;83(8):596-604.
13. Breiman L, Friedman JH, Olshen RA, Stone CJ. Classification and Regression
Trees. Wadsworth and Brooks; 1984.
14. Huang ML, Hung CC, Hsu CY, et al. Predicting ischemic stroke using
the Framingham Stroke Risk Score and a simple decision rule in Chinese
patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(2):427-429.
15. pickle — Python object serialization. Python documentation.
16. Liang H, Tsui BY, Ni H, et al. Evaluation and accurate diagnoses of
pediatric diseases using artificial intelligence. Nat Med. 2019;25(3):433-
438.

14
APPENDIX 1

15
16