BCA – 2nd Semester

Common with
BCA-2nd Sem. with Specialization in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
&
BCA-2nd Sem. with Specialization in Data Science

Sr. Course Course Course Teaching Credits Examination Marks

No. Category Code Title Load
L T P Internal Theory Practical Total
1. Core BCA-201 Object 4 - - 4.0 40 60 - 100
Oriented
Programming
using C++
2. Core BCA-202 Data 4 - - 4.0 40 60 - 100
Structure
3. Core BCA-203 System 3 1 - 4.0 40 60 - 100
Analysis &
Design
4. Ability BHUM- Hindi / 3 - - 3.0 40 60 - 100
Enhancement 013/ Essence of
Course BHUM- Indian
117 Traditional
Knowledge
5. Ability EnE-101 Environment 3 - - 3.0 40 60 - 100
Enhancement Education
Course
6. Core BCA-204 C++ Lab. - - 2 1.0 60 - 40 100
7. Core BCA-205 Data - - 2 1.0 60 - 40 100
Structure
Lab.
8. Skill BCA-206 Seminar-I 1 - - 1.0 100 - - 100
Enhancement
course
9. Activity CUL-001/ Cultural/ - - 2 1.0 100 - - 100
SPO-001/ Sports/
HLY-001 Health &
Yoga
Total 18 1 6 22.0 520 300 80 900

Note: Student can replace two subjects in a semester from the MOOC courses (SWAYAM) with the same credits
and course category of the replaced subject.

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 BCA – 201 Object Oriented Programming using C++

Continuous evaluation: 40 L T P Credits: 4.0

End semester exam: 60 4 - - Maximum Time: 3 Hrs.
Total marks: 100

Course Objective: The aim of the course is to provide in depth information and hands on experience
about the fundamental properties of Object Oriented Programming to students, which will be quite
beneficial for them in future when they’re going for advance programming languages for projects
development. Few significant objective are under below:
 To enable students towards writing logics of specified problems with OOPs concepts.
 To become capable enough for writing efficient algorithm.
 To make them handy with concept of classes, inheritance etc. on which most of the advance
programming languages are based.
 To better understand the concepts of file handling.
Course Outcome: On completion of the course, students will be able to
 Use object oriented programming language like C++ and associated libraries to develop object
oriented programs.
 Understand and apply various object oriented features like inheritance, data abstraction,
encapsulation and polymorphism to solve various computing problems using C++ language.
 Apply concepts of operator-overloading, constructors and destructors.
 Apply exception handling in real life applications

Section – A (10 lectures)

Introduction to OOP: Programming Paradigms, Structured/ Object Oriented Programming, Need and
Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming.
Introduction to C++: Introduction about Various C++ Compilers/ GUI, Type of Errors: Compile Time,
Run Time, Linker, Logical, Uses of Static and Constant variables, Data Types, User Defined and Derived
Data Types, Scope Resolution Operator, Memory Management Operators (New, Delete), Type
Conversion & Casting, Reference Variable.

Section – B (12 lectures)

Control Structures in C++: Decision Control Statements, Repetitive Statements, Jumping Statements,
Benefits and Limitations of Jumping Statements.
Arrays and Strings: Multi-Dimensional Array, Array Declaration, Operations on Arrays, String
Manipulation Functions, Sparse Matrix; Pointers.
Functions in C++: Function Prototyping, Inline Function, Constant vs. Static Functions, Friend
Functions & Friend Classes.

Section – C (12 lectures)

Classes and Objects: Structure Vs. Classes, Class Declaration and Definition, Objects, Access
Specifies, Member Functions, Nested Classes
Constructors and Destructors: Role of Constructors & Destructors, Types of Constructors,
Constructors with and without arguments, Dynamic Objects.

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 Section – D (10 lectures)

Inheritance and Polymorphism: Inheritance and its Types, Static Binding Vs. Dynamic Binding,
Operator Overloading, Function Overloading, Function Overriding, Virtual Functions, Abstract Class,
Virtual Class.
Template and Exception Handling: Introduction to Template Functions & Template Classes,
Exception Handling.
File Input Output: Input/ Output with Files, Open a File, Closing a File.

Instructions for Paper setter: All Questions are compulsory. The Question paper is divided in to four
sections A, B, C and D. Section A is compulsory and comprises of 12 questions of one mark each, 3 from
each unit. The questions shall be asked in such a manner that there are no direct answers including one word
answer, fill in the blanks or multiple choice questions. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks each,
one from each unit. Section C Comprises of 4 questions of 4 marks each, one from each unit. Section D
Comprises of 4 questions of 6 marks each, one from each unit. There is no overall choice, however each
question in section C and D shall have two alternatives, out of which student will be required to attempt one
question.

Text Books:
1. E. Balaguruswamy, Object Oriented Programming with C++, 4th ed., Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009.
2. Herbert Schildt, The Complete Reference: C++, 4th ed., Tata McGraw-Hill, 2009.
3. Robert Lafore, Object Oriented Programming in C++, 4th ed., Pearson, 2009.

Reference Books:
1. Bhave Mahesh, Object Oriented Programming with C++, 2nd ed., Pearson Education, 2012.
2. Nabajyoti Barkakati, Object Oriented Programming in C++, 3rd ed., PHI, 2000

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 BCA-202 Data Structure
Continuous evaluation: 40 L T P Credits: 4.0
End semester exam: 60 4 - - Maximum Time: 3 Hrs.
Total marks: 100

Course Objective: The aim of the course is to develop a higher degree of proficiency in writing the
algorithms. Also to impart the basic concepts of data structures and algorithms, to enable the students to
understand about the concepts of searching and sorting techniques, to understand the basic concepts
about stacks, queues, lists, trees and graphs, to understanding about writing algorithms and step by step
approach in solving problems with the help of fundamental data structures
Course Outcome: On completion of the course, students will be able to
 Ability to analyze algorithms and algorithm correctness
 Ability to summarize searching and sorting techniques
 Ability to describe stack, queue and linked list operation.
 Ability to have knowledge of trees and graphs concepts.

Section – A (10 lectures)

Introduction to Data Structure: Definition, Classification of data structures: primitive and non-
primitive, Operations on data structures, Algorithm, Algorithm Complexity: Time and Space complexity,
Analyzing algorithm: Worst, Average and Best Case, Big – O Notation
Dynamic Memory Allocation and Pointer: Definition, Introduction to pointer, initializing pointer,
static and dynamic memory allocation.
Section – B (12 lectures)

Linked List: Definition, Representation of linked list, operations on single linked list, memory allocation
and garbage collection, Advantages and disadvantages of linked list, Types of linked list: Singly linked
list, doubly linked list, Circular linked list and circular doubly linked list.
Stack: Definition, Array representation of stack, Operation on stack: Infix, prefix and postfix,
Application of stacks.
Section – C (10 lectures)

Queue: Definition, Array representation of queue, Type of queue: Simple queue, Circular queue, Double
ended queue, priority queue, Operations on all the types of queues
Searching and Sorting: Basic search techniques, Searching Techniques: Sequential search, Binary
search, Sorting techniques: Bubble sort, Selection sort, Insertion Sort, Merge sort, Quick sort, Radix sort.

Section – D (12 lectures)

Tree: Definition, Tree terminology, Binary tree: Array representation of tree, Creation of binary tree,
Conversion of general tree to binary tree, Complete binary tree, Binary search tree, Heap tree, Traversal
of binary tree: Preorder, Inorder and Postorder.
Graph: Graph Terminology, Representation of graph, BFS, DFS, Floyd Warshall algorithm.

Instructions for Paper setter: All Questions are compulsory. The Question paper is divided in to four
sections A, B, C and D. Section A is compulsory and comprises of 12 questions of one mark each, 3 from
each unit. The questions shall be asked in such a manner that there are no direct answers including one word
answer, fill in the blanks or multiple choice questions. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks each,
one from each unit. Section C Comprises of 4 questions of 4 marks each, one from each unit. Section D
Comprises of 4 questions of 6 marks each, one from each unit. There is no overall choice, however each

4
question in section C and D shall have two alternatives, out of which student will be required to attempt one
question.

Text Books:
1. Seymour Lipschutz, Data Structures, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Schaum's Outline Series, New
York.
2. Forouzan. A & Giberg .F, Data Structures – A Pseudo code Approach with C, Cengage Learning.

Reference Books:
1. Bandyopadhyay, Data Structure using C, Pearson Education
2. Salaria R.S., Data Structure and algorithm using C, Khanna Publications
3. Yedidyah Langsam, Moshe J Augernstein and Aarson M.Tanenbaum, Data Structures using C and C
++, PHI, New Delhi.

5
 BCA-203 System Analysis & Design
Continuous evaluation: 40 L T P Credits: 4.0
End semester exam: 60 3 1 - Maximum Time: 3 Hrs.
Total marks: 100

Course Objective: This subject introduces the students to the concepts and skills of system analysis and
design. It includes expanded coverage of data flow diagrams, data dictionary, to introduce variety of
new software used by analysts, designers to manage projects, analyze and document systems, design
new systems and implement their plans.
Course Outcome: On completion of the course, students will be able to
 To analyze and specify the requirements of a system.
 To design system components and environments.
 To build general and detailed models that assist programmers in implementing a system.

SECTION – A (10 Lectures)

System: Definition, Characteristics, Elements & Types of system, System development life cycle, Role
of System Analyst, Basics of planning and initial Investigation, Recognition of need, Fact Finding, Fact
Analysis.
Feasibility study: Feasibility considerations, Feasibility Analysis Steps, Feasibility Report and Oral
Presentation.
SECTION – B (10 Lectures)

Information Gathering: Kinds of Information, Information about firm, user staff and work flow, Tools
of information gathering
Structured Analysis: Introduction, Tools used in Structured Analysis: Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Data
Dictionary, Decision Tree, Structured English and Decision Table, Advantages and Disadvantages of
structured analysis tools
SECTION – C (10 Lectures)

Cost/Benefit Analysis: Introduction, Data Analysis, Cost/Benefit Categories, Procedure for determining
Cost/Benefit, System Proposal.
System Design: Design Process, logical and physical design, Structure design Methodology, form-driven
design methodology: IPO charts, structured walkthrough and review.

SECTION – D (10 Lectures)

Input / Output & Form design: Introduction, Input and output devices, Requirements for forms design,
Classification of Forms, Types of forms, Forms layouts.
System Implementation: System Testing, Test Plan, Conversion process, Post Implementation Review,
Software Maintenance

Instructions for Paper setter: All Questions are compulsory. The Question paper is divided in to four
sections A, B, C and D. Section A is compulsory and comprises of 12 questions of one mark each, 3 from
each unit. The questions shall be asked in such a manner that there are no direct answers including one word
answer, fill in the blanks or multiple choice questions. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks each,
one from each unit. Section C Comprises of 4 questions of 4 marks each, one from each unit. Section D
Comprises of 4 questions of 6 marks each, one from each unit. There is no overall choice, however each
question in section C and D shall have two alternatives, out of which student will be required to attempt one
question.

6
Text Books:
1. Elias M. Awad, System Analysis and Design, Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd., eleventh Edition,
1991.
2. V.K. Jain, System Analysis & Design, DreamTech Press.
3. Alan Dennis, System Analysis & Design, 4th ed., Wiley India Edition.
4. Lee, Introducing System Analysis and Design, Volumes 1 & 11, Galgotia Book Source, 1995.

Reference Books:
1. Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich, Modern Systems Analysis and Design, third
Edition, Pearson Education, Asia, 2002.

7
 BHUM – 013 Hindi
Continuous evaluation: 40 L T P Credits: 3.0
End semester exam: 60 3 - - Maximum Time: 3 Hrs.
Total marks: 100

खण्ड. - 1
कथाभूमि (कहानीसंग्रह): सं०मितरं जनमिश्र
आलोिनात्मकप्रश्न-
क. कहामनयोंकीिूलसंवेदना, सिस्या, उद्दे श्य
ख. कहानीकेपात्रोकािररत्र-मित्रण
2. कथाभूमिकेदोगद्याशोंकीसंप्रसंगव्याख्या

खण्ड. – 2

1. संज्ञा, सववनाि, मवशेषण, मिया, मियामवशेषण (पररभाषाऔरभेदउदाहरणसमहत)

2. पयाव यवािीशब्द, मवलोिशब्द, वाक्यकेमलएएकशब्द, िुहावरें औरलोकोक्तियां

खण्ड. - 3
1. पत्रलेखन- स्वरूपऔरउसकेमवमवधभेद
2. संक्षेपणतथापल्लवन
3. पत्रकाररतास्वरूपएवंप्रकार
4. शीषवकसंरिना
खण्ड - 4
1.अग्रेंजीिेंमदयेगयेवाक्योंकामहन्दीिेंअनुवाद
2.अशुद्धवाक्योंकोशुद्धकरकेमलखें
3. श्रुमतसिमभन्नाथवकशब्द
4. मदयेगयेगद्याशोंिेंमवरािमिन्ह

पुस्तकें:
मितरं जनमिश्र (सम्पादक): कथाभूमि (कहानीसंग्रह)

8
 BHUM-117 Essence of Indian Traditional Knowledge

Continuous evaluation: 40 L T P Credits: 3.0

End semester exam: 60 3 - - Maximum Time: 3 Hrs.
Total marks: 100

Course Objectives:
 The course aims at imparting basic principles of thought process, reasoning and inferencing;
sustainability at the core of Indian Traditional Knowledge Systems connecting society and nature.
 Holistic life style of Yogic-science and wisdom capsules in Sanskrit Literature are also important
in modern society with rapid technological advancements and societal disruptions
 The course focuses on introduction to Indian Knowledge System, Indian perspective of modern
scientific world-view and basic principles of Yoga and holistic health caresystem.

Course Outcomes:
 Ability to understand the concept of Indian Traditional knowledge and its importance.
 Know the need and importance of Shrimad Bhagwat Gita and its role in building character.
 To know about Vedic Culture and sanskars described in Scriptures.
 To know about the significance of Ashtang Yog and different Yogic Practices.
Unit-1: Basic structure of Indian Knowledge system

Basic Knowledge of Shrimad Bhagwat Gita;

Unit-2: Moderate Indian Knowledge System

Shodas Sanskar, Ashram Vyavastha
Unit-3: Yoga and Holistic healthcare
Meaning of Yoga, Yogic perspective of holistic health and wellness, Limbs of Yoga: Yam, Niyam,
Asana, Pranayam, Pratyahar, Dharana, Dhyaan, Samadhi.
Unit-4: Case Study
Important Note: The question paper shall carry two Parts (Part 'A' and Part 'B'). Part 'A' shall comprise one
Compulsory Question of 12 marks containing four Short-answer questions spread over all the first three units
of the syllabi, each Question carrying 4 marks. There shall be six questions in Part 'B' with two questions
from each of the three units. The candidates shall be required to attempt four questions from Part 'B' selecting
one question from each unit. Each question shall carry 12 marks.

Reference Books:
1. V. Sivaramakrishna (Ed), Cultural Heritage of India-Course Material, BharatiyaVidya Bhavan,
Mumbai, 5th Edition, 2014.
2. Swami Jitatmanand, Modern Physics and Vedant, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
3. V.N. Jha (Eng. Transs) Tarkasangraha of Annam Bhatta, International Chinmay Foundation,
Velliarnad, Amakuam.
4. R.N. Jha, Science of Consciousness Psychotherapy and Yoga Practices, Vidyanidhi Prakashan,
Delhi, 2016.
5. Shrimad Bhagwat Gita, Gita Press, Gorakhpur.
6. भोजन एवं स्वास्थ्य (Geeta Sandesh), Vol-63, Issue 1&2, 2019, ISSN: 2456-6349.
7. Shodas Sanskar(Geeta Sandesh): Vol-64; Issue 1&2, 2020, ISSN: 2456-6349.
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 EnE-101 Environment Education

Continuous evaluation: 40 L T P Credits: 3.0

End semester exam: 60 3 - - Maximum Time: 3 Hrs.
Total marks: 100

Unit 1: Humans and the Environment (4 lectures)

The man-environment interaction: Humans as hunter-gatherers; Mastery of fire; Origin of agriculture;
Emergence of city-states; Great ancient civilizations and the environment, Industrial revolution and its
impact on the environment; Population growth and natural resource exploitation; Global environmental
change.
UN Conference on Human Environment 1972; World Commission on Environment and Development
and the concept of sustainable development; Rio Summit and subsequent international efforts.

Unit 2: Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (6 lectures)

Overview of natural resources: Definition of resource; Classification of natural resources- biotic and
abiotic, renewable and non-renewable.
Biotic resources: Major type of biotic resources- forests, grasslands, wetlands, wildlife and aquatic (fresh
water and marine); Microbes as a resource; Status and challenges.
Water resources: Types of water resources- fresh water and marine resources; Availability and use of
water resources; Environmental impact of over-exploitation, issues and challenges; Water scarcity and
stress; Conflicts over water.
Energy resources: Sources of energy and their classification, renewable and non-renewable sources of
energy; Conventional energy sources- coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear energy; Non-conventional energy
sources- solar, wind, tidal, hydro, wave, ocean thermal, geothermal, biomass, hydrogen and fuel cells.
Introduction to sustainable development: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)- targets and indicators,
challenges and strategies for SDGs.

Unit 3: Environmental Issues: Local, Regional and Global (6 lectures)

Environmental issues: Pollution: Types of Pollution- air, noise, water, soil, thermal, radioactive
;municipal solid waste, hazardous waste; acid rain; smog.
Land use and Land cover change: land degradation, deforestation, desertification, urbanization.
Biodiversity loss: past and current trends, impact.
Global change: Ozone layer depletion; Climate change. Disasters – Natural and Man-made
(Anthropogenic)

Unit 4: Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystems (6 lectures)

Biodiversity and its distribution: Biodiversity as a natural resource; Levels and types of biodiversity;
Biodiversity in India and the world; Biodiversity hotspots; Species and ecosystem threat categories.
Ecosystems and ecosystem services: Major ecosystem types in India and their basic characteristics-
forests, wetlands, grasslands, agriculture, coastal and marine; Ecosystem services- classification and their
significance.
Threats to biodiversity and ecosystems: Invasive species; Fire and Disasters.
Major conservation policies: in-situ and ex-situ conservation approaches; Major protected areas; National
and International Instruments for biodiversity conservation; community-based conservation; Gender and
conservation.
10
Unit 5: Environmental Pollution and Health (6 lectures)
Understanding pollution: Production processes and generation of wastes; Assimilative capacity of the
environment; Definition of pollution; Point sources and non-point sources of pollution.
Air pollution: Sources of air pollution; Primary and secondary pollutants; Criteria pollutants- carbon
monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, ground-level ozone, particulate matter and sulphur dioxide; Other
important air pollutants- Volatile Organic compounds (VOCs); Indoor air pollution; Adverse health
impacts of air pollutants; National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Water pollution: Sources of water pollution; River, lake and marine pollution, groundwater pollution;
water quality Water quality parameters and standards; adverse health impacts of water pollution on
human and aquatic life.
Soil pollution and solid waste: Soil pollutants and their sources; Solid and hazardous waste; Impact on
human health.
Noise pollution: Definition of noise; Unit of measurement of noise pollution; Sources of noise pollution;
Noise standards; adverse impacts of noise on human health.
Thermal and Radioactive pollution: Sources and impact on human health and ecosystems.

Unit 6: Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation (6

lectures)
Understanding climate change: Natural variations in climate; Structure of atmosphere; Anthropogenic
climate change from greenhouse gas emissions– past, present and future; Projections of global climate
change with special reference to temperature, rainfall, climate variability and extreme events; Climate
change projections for the Indian sub-continent.
Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: Observed impacts of climate change on ocean
and land systems; Sea level rise, changes in marine and coastal ecosystems; Impacts on forests and
natural ecosystems; Impacts on animal species, agriculture, health, urban infrastructure; the concept of
vulnerability and its assessment; Adaptation vs. Resilience.
Mitigation of climate change: Synergies between adaptation and mitigation measures; Green House Gas
(GHG); Concept of carbon neutrality; National and international policy instruments for mitigation, net
zero targets for the future; Energy efficiency measures; Renewable energy sources; Carbon capture and
storage.
Unit 7: Environmental Management (6 lectures)
Introduction to environmental laws and regulation: Constitutional provisions- Article 48A, Article 51A
(g) and other derived environmental rights; Introduction to environmental legislations on the forest,
wildlife and pollution control.
Environmental audit and impact assessment; Environmental risk assessment Pollution control and
management; Waste Management- Concept of 3R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) and sustainability;

Unit 8: Environmental Treaties and Legislation (6

lectures)
An overview of instruments of international cooperation; bilateral and multilateral agreements;
conventions and protocols; adoption, signature, binding and nonbinding measures; Conference of the
Parties (COP)
Major International Environmental Agreements: Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone
Layer; Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the Kigali Amendment.

11
Major Indian Environmental Legislations: The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972; The Water (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974; The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; The Air (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; The Biological Diversity Act,
2002; The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,
2006; Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000; Industry-specific environmental standards;
Waste management rules; National Green Tribunal; Some landmark Supreme Court judgements
Major International organisations and initiatives: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Unit 9: Case Studies and Field Work (30 lectures)

The students are expected to be engaged in some of the following or similar identified activities:
 Discussion on one national and one international case study related to the environment
 Field visits to identify local/regional environmental issues, make observations including data
collection and prepare a brief report.
 Participation in plantation drive and nature camps.
 Documentation of campus biodiversity.
 Campus environmental management activities such as solid waste disposal, water Management
and sanitation, and sewage treatment.

Learning Outcomes
After completing this unit, students will be able to:
1. Appreciate the historical context of human interactions with the environment.
2. Gain insights into the international efforts to safeguard the Earth’s environment and resources.
3. Understand the concept of natural resources; identify types of natural resources, their distribution
and use with special reference to India.
4. Discuss the factors affecting the availability of natural resources, their conservation and
management.
5. Explain sustainable development, its goals, targets, challenges and global strategies for
sustainable development.
6. Develop a critical understanding of the environmental issues of concern
7. Understand the concepts of spatial and temporal scales and their importance
8. Understand the sectoral effects on the local, regional, and global environmental issues
9. Understand the concepts of ecosystems, biodiversity and conservation.
10. Describe the main types of ecosystems and their distribution in India and the world.
11. Discuss the factors impacting biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation in India and the world.
12. Explain major conservation strategies taken in India.
13. Develop an understanding of pollution and its types.
14. Learn about sources of different kinds of pollution.
15. Sensitize themselves to adverse health impacts of pollution.
16. Gain a comprehensive knowledge of climate change, its science and response measures
17. Have an overview of national and global efforts to address climate change adaptation and
mitigation.
18. Develop a critical understanding of the complexity of environmental management.
19. Understand broad aspects of environmental management systems.
20. Understand different methods of assessing environmental quality and associated risks.
21. Learn about how the nations of the world work together for the environment.

12
 22. Learn about the major international treaties and our country’s stand on and responses to the major
international agreements.
23. Learn about major international institutions and programmes and the role played by them in the
protection and preservation of the environment.

Note for Paper-setter: EIGHT questions are to be set covering entire syllabus. Students will be required
to attempt FIVE questions.

Suggested readings
1. Fisher, Michael H. (2018) An Environmental History of India- From Earliest Times to the
Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press.
2. Headrick, Daniel R. (2020) Humans versus Nature- A Global Environmental History, Oxford
University Press.
3. Hughes, J. Donald (2009) An Environmental History of the World- Humankind’s Changing Role
in the Community of Life, 2nd Edition. Routledge.
4. Perman, R., Ma, Y., McGilvray, J., and Common, M. (2003) Natural Resource and
Environmental Economics. Pearson Education.
5. Simmons, I. G. (2008). Global Environmental History: 10,000 BC to AD 2000. Edinburgh
University Press
6. Chiras, D. D and Reganold, J. P. (2010). Natural Resource Conservation: Management for a
Sustainable Future.10th edition, Upper Saddle River, N. J. Benjamin/Cummins/Pearson.
7. John W. Twidell and Anthony D. (2015). Renewable Energy Sources, 3rd Edition, Weir
Publisher (ELBS)
8. William P.Cunningham and Mary A. (2015) Cunningham Environmental Science: A Global
Concern, Publisher (Mc-Graw Hill, USA)
9. Gilbert M. Masters and W. P. (2008). An Introduction to Environmental Engineering and
Science, Ela Publisher (Pearson)
10. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. & Gupta, S.R. 2006. Ecology, Environment and Resource
Conservation. Anamaya Publications https://sdgs.un.org/goals
11. Harper, Charles L. (2017) Environment and Society, Human Perspectives on Environmental
Issues 6th Edition. Routledge.
12. Harris, Frances (2012) Global Environmental Issues, 2nd Edition. Wiley- Blackwell.
13. William P. Cunningham and Mary A. (2015). Cunningham Environmental Science: A global
concern, Publisher (Mc-Graw Hill, USA)
14. Manahan, S.E. (2022). Environmental Chemistry (11th ed.). CRC Press.
https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003096238
15. Rajagopalan, R. (2011). Environmental Studies: From Crisis to Cure. India: Oxford University
Press.
16. Bawa, K.S., Oomen, M.A. and Primack, R. (2011) Conservation Biology: A Primer for South
Asia. Universities Press.
17. Sinha, N. (2020) Wild and Wilful. Harper Collins, India.
18. Varghese, Anita, Oommen, Meera Anna, Paul, Mridula Mary, Nath, Snehlata (Editors) (2022)
Conservation through Sustainable Use: Lessons from India. Routledge.
19. Bhagwat, Shonil (Editor) (2018) Conservation and Development in India: Reimagining
Wilderness, Earthscan Conservation and Development, Routledge.
20. Krishnamurthy, K.V. (2003) Textbook of Biodiversity, Science Publishers, Plymouth, UK
21. Jackson, A. R., & Jackson, J. M. (2000). Environmental Science: The Natural Environment and
Human Impact. Pearson Education.
22. Masters, G. M., & Ela, W. P. (2008). Introduction to environmental engineering and science (No.
60457). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
23. Miller, G. T., &Spoolman, S. (2015) Environmental Science. Cengage Learning.

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24. Central Pollution Control Board Web page for various pollution standards.
https://cpcb.nic.in/standards/
25. Ahluwalia, V. K. (2015). Environmental Pollution and Health. The Energy and Resources
Institute (TERI).
26. Pittock, Barrie (2009) Climate Change: The Science, Impacts and Solutions. 2nd Edition.
Routledge.
27. www.ipcc.org; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-cycle/.
28. Adenle A., Azadi H., Arbiol J. (2015). Global assessment of technological innovation for climate
change adaptation and mitigation in developing world, Journal of Environmental Management,
161 (15): 261-275.
29. Barnett, J. & S. O’Neill (2010). Maladaptation. Global Environmental Change-Human and
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30. Berrang-Ford, L., J.D. Ford & J. Paterson (2011). Are we adapting to climate change?
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