Mathematics

First Quarter
Module 11: Solving Problems
Involving Polynomials and
Polynomial Equations

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 10

Mathematics
First Quarter
Module 11: Solving Problems
Involving Polynomials and
Polynomial Equations

Page 3 of 13
 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the k to 12 Basic education

Program to ensure attainment of standards expected of you as a learner.

This aims to equip you with essential knowledge on solving problems

involving polynomials and polynomial equations.

This includes the following activities/tasks:

 Expected Learning Outcome – This lays out the learning outcome

that you are expected to have accomplished at the end of the module.
 Pre-Test – This determines your prior learning on the particular
lesson you are about to take.
 Discussion of the Lesson – This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles and attitude that will help you meet the
expected learning outcome.
 Learning Activities – These provide you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and
enable you to further enhance your skills as you carry out prescribed
tasks.
 Post-test – This evaluates your overall understanding about the
module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this
material engaging and challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.

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 What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

 solve problems involving polynomials and polynomial equations.

(M10AL-Ij-2)

What I Know

To find out what you already know about the content of this module,
take the Pre-test. Write the answer in your assessment notebook.

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. If P (-2) = 0, which of the following statements is true about P(x)?

A. x+2 is a factor of P(x) C. P(x)=0, has two negative roots
B. 2 is root of P(x) = 0 D. P (0) = - 2
2. One of the roots of the polynomial equation 2x3 + 9x2 - 33x +14=0 is 2. Find
the other roots.
A. ½ and 7 C. ½ and -7
B. -1/2 and 7 D. -1/2 and -7
3. How many positive real roots does x4 – x3 – 11x2 +9x + 18 =0 have?
A. 0 C. 2
B. 1 D. 3
4. Find a cubic polynomial equation with roots -2, 2, and 4.
A. x3 + 4x2 – 4x +16 =0 C.10x3 –x2 –x + 16=0
B. x3 – 4x2 –x + 16 =0 D. x3 -4x2 -4x+ 16
5. Find a cubic polynomial equation with roots 2, 5, and -1.
A. x3 -6x2 +3x +10 =0 C. x3 -6x2 +3x -10 =0
B. x3 – 4x2 –x + 10 =0 D. x3 -4x2 –x + 10= 0

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6. Genber will evaluate an 8th degree polynomial in x at x = 10 using the
Remainder Theorem and synthetic division. How many coefficients of x will be
written in the first row of the synthetic division procedure?
A. 8 C. 10
B.9 D. 11

II. For each item below, find the polynomial equation with integral coefficients
that has the following roots. (3points each - 2points for the solution and 1
point for the final answer)
1. -3, 3, -6
2. 2, -3, 5

What’s In
Determine the real root(s) of each equation.

1. x+3=0
2. x(x – 4) = 0
3. (x + 1)(x – 3) = 0
4. x2 + x – 2 = 0
5. x2 (x – 9)(2x + 1) = 0
6. (x + 4)(x2 – x + 3) = 0
7. 2x (x2 – 36) = 0
8. (x + 8)(x – 7)(x2 – 2x + 5) = 0

What’s New

When do we say that a real number, say r, is a root of a given polynomial

equation in x?
Recall the Zero-Product Property. State this property and apply this to
solve the equation (x – 1) (x – 3) = 0. Is the result consistent with the
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra?

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 What Is It
A real number, r, is a root of the given polynomial equation in x if r
satisfies the equation when it is substituted to x in the equation. This means
that when we substitute the value of r to the variable x in the equation it will
give an equal result. Hence, the value of the left side of equation is equal to
the value of the right side of the equation.

The Zero Product Property states that “If AB = 0, then A = 0 or B =

0.” So, if (x – 1) (x – 3) = 0, then x – 1 =0 or x – 3 = 0. Consequently, x = 1 or
x = 3. The values 1 and 3 are the two roots of the second-degree equation
(x – 1)(x – 3) = 0.

Could there be more than 2 roots of the second-degree equation (x

– 1)(x – 3) = 0 ? Why/why not?

Based on the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra the roots of the second-

degree equation (x – 1) (x – 3) = 0 could not be more than 2 because the
number of roots should not exceed the degree of a polynomial.

From the previous activity, you were able to identify the real number of
roots in a given equation. The general statement for the previous observation
is known as the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. It states that “If P(x) is
a polynomial equation of degree n and with real coefficients, then it has
at most n real roots”.

Example 1:
One of the roots of the polynomial equation 2x3 + 9x2 - 33x +14=0 is 2.
Find the other roots.

Solution:
Since 2 is given in the problem as one of the roots, we can find
the others roots using synthetic division with 2 as the divisor.

2 2 9 -33 14
4 26 -14
2 13 -7 0

2𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 7 = 0 (quotient)

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 Factor the quotient 2𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 7 = 0 by trial and error method.

2𝑥 2 + 13𝑥 − 7 = 0 (2𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 7) = 0

By Zero Product Property,

2𝑥 − 1 = 0 𝑥 + 7 = 0
1 𝑥 = −7
𝑥=
2

The three real roots of the polynomial equation

2x3 + 9x2 - 33x +14=0 are 2, ½ and – 7.

Thus, the other roots of the polynomial equation

2x3 + 9x2 - 33x +14=0 are ½ and – 7.

Example 2:
One of the roots of the polynomial equation
x3 + 7x2 +2x – 40 = 0 is 2. Find the other roots.

Solution:
Since 2 is given in the problem as one of the roots, we can find
the others roots using synthetic division with 2 as the divisor.

2 1 7 2 -40
2 18 40
1 9 20 0

𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 20 = 0 (quotient)

Factor the quotient 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 20 = 0 by trial and error method.

𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 20 = 0 (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 4) = 0

By Zero Product Property,

𝑥+5=0 𝑥+4=0
𝑥 = −5 𝑥 = −4

The three real roots of the polynomial equation

x3 + 7x2 +2x -40=0 is 2 are 2, -5 and -4.

Thus, the other roots of the polynomial equation

x3 + 7x2 +2x -40=0 are -5 and – 4.

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Example 3: Find a cubic polynomial equation with roots -2, 2 and 4.

Solution:
We can write the roots in factored form
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
Multiply the first two factors by FOIL method,
(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
Simplify,
(𝑥 2 − 4)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
Multiply the factors by FOIL method,
𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 16 = 0
Thus, the cubic polynomial equation with roots -2, 2, and 4 is

𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎.

Example 4: Find a cubic polynomial equation with roots -2, -3 and 1.

Solution:
We can write the roots in factored form
(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
Multiply the first two factors by FOIL method,
(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
Simplify,
(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
Multiply the factors using distributive property,
x3 – x2 + 5x2 -5x +6x -6=0
Simplify,
x3 + 4x2 + x – 6 = 0
Thus, the cubic polynomial equation with roots -2, -3, and 1 is

𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟔 = 𝟎.

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Example 5: One dimension of a cube is increased by 1 inch to form a
rectangular block. Suppose that the volume of the new block is
150 cubic inches. Find the length of an edge of the original
cube.

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 What’s More
Do the following activities. Write your answer in your assessment
notebook.

Independent Activity 1

Write TRUE if the statement is true. Otherwise, modify the underlined word(s)
to make it true.
1. The roots of a polynomial equation in x are the values of x that satisfy
the equation.
2. Every polynomial equation of degree n has n – 1 real roots.
3. The equation 2x3 – 6x2 + x – 1 = 0 has no rational root.
4. The possible roots of 3x5 – x4 + 6x3 – 2x2 + 8x – 5 = 0 are ±3/5, ±3
and ±5.
5. The only rational root of the equation x3 + 6x2 + 10x + 3 = 0 is 3.

Independent Activity 2

1. One of the roots of the polynomial equation is 2. Find the is -

1. Find the other roots.
2. One of the roots of the polynomial equation
is find the other roots.

3. Find a cubic polynomial equation with roots -2, -3 and 1.

What I Have Learned

I learned that ….

 we can determine the maximum number of real roots of the

polynomial by its degree based from the Fundamental Theorem
of Algebra.
 to find the other roots of a polynomial equations, first use the
rational root theorem to determine the possible roots as divisor
then proceed to synthetic division. If the remainder is zero,
therefore the divisor is one of the roots.
 to find the polynomial equation given the roots, write first the
factored form based from the given roots and multiply the
resulting factored form to obtained the equation.

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 What I Can Do

Directions: Solve the following problems. Write the answer in your

assessment notebook.

1. The diagonal of a rectangle is 8 m longer than its shorter side. If the area
of the rectangle is 60 square m, find its dimensions.

2. The dimensions of a rectangular metal box are 3 cm, 5 cm, and 8 cm. If
the first two dimensions are increased by the same number of
centimeters, while the third dimension remains the same, the new
volume is 34 cm3 more than the original volume. What is the new
dimension of the enlarged rectangular metal box?

Assessment

Directions: Answer what is asked. Write all answers in your assessment

notebook.
A. For each item below, give a polynomial equation with integral
coefficients that has the following roots. (2 points each - 1point for the
solution and 1 point for the final answer)
1. -1, 2, 3
2. 5, 3, 2
3. -3, 4, -1
4. 3, -2, 6

B. For each item below, find the other roots of the equation given one root.
Each item worth 2 points ( 1 point for the solution and 1 point for the
correct answer).

1. , given 5 as one of the roots.

2. , given 3 as one of the roots.

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 References

Bernabe, Julieta G, Jose-Dilao, Soledad, and Orines, Fernando B. Intermediate

Algebra Textbook for Second Year. Revised ed. Quezon City. SD Publications, Inc.
2009

Callanta,Melvin M., Allan M. Canonigo, Arnaldo I. Chua, Jerry D. Cruz,

Mirla S. Esparrago, Elino S. Garcia, Aries N. Magnaye, Fernando
Orines, Rowena S. Perez, and Concepcion S. Ternida, eds.
Mathematics Learner’s Module Grade 10. First Edition. Pasig City.
Rex Book Store, Inc. 2015