A

Project Report
On

SUBMITTED BY

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

TY BBA (CA)
 INDEX

S.NO. NAME PAGE NO. REMARK

1. Introduction & objectives 1

2. Features 2-3
3. Tools / Environment Used 4-9
4. Analysis 10-16

5. Design 17-20
6. Testing 21-25
7. Input and Output 27-33

8. Database 34-36
9. Advantages 37

10. Disadvantages 38
11. Future Scope 39

12. Feasibility study 40

13. Security 41

14. Limitation 42

15. Conclusion 43

16. References 44

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 Introduction & Objectives

These days, Online examination system is a web-based examination

system where examinations are given online. either through the
internet or intranet using computer system. The main goal of this
online examination system is to effectively evaluate the student
thoroughly through a totally automated system that not only reduce
the required time but also obtain fast and accurate results.
The online examination system is an electronic application. This
framework will help the college/institution to access the inquiry
have different alternatives with one right reply. These days Online
Examination System is considered a fast-developing examination
method because of its speed, accuracy and also because of
pandemic(covid19). Virtually all organizations today, are managing
their exams by online examination system, meanwhile it reduces
student's time in examinations. It is also needed less manpower to
handle the examination. Therefore, of this, the result is calculated in
less time. It also helps diminishing the need for paper. Online
examination project in PHP is very beneficial to learn it, according to
today’s requirement Online examination system is significantly
important to the educational institution to prepare the exams,
saving the time and effort that is required to check the exam papers
and to prepare the results reports. Online examination system helps
the educational institutions to monitor their students and keep eyes

on their progress. The best use of this system in Academic Institute

like school, college and training centers because it helps in
managing the exams and get the results in easy and an efficient
manner.

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 Online examination will diminish the rushed occupation of
estimating the answers given by the applicants physically.
Being a coordinated online examination framework, it will
decrease paper work.
To permit workforce to make exams and answer key.
To permit programmed reviewing and manual evaluating
which can be recorded per test.
Responses by the candidates will be checked automatically.
It reduces time consumption.

Features
Admin Side-
Admin Can Create New Online Exam with Edit and Delete
Feature.

Admin Can Add Question in Exam which has been define at

the time of create exam.

Admin Can View All Exam Question with Edit and Delete
Operation.

Admin Can view all user data who has register for online
examination system.

Admin can view all user who has enrol for particular exam.

Admin can view individual user exam result on web page and in
PDF format.

Admin can view combine result of exam with user rank on web
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 page and in PDF format.

User Side-

New User Registration for Online Examination with

Confirmation Email Feature.

User can Login into System using Email ID and Password

User can manage his or her profile details.

User can change his or her password.

User can view available examination list.

User can enrol into examination.

User can attend online examination at the define date and time.

User can view the history of exam which he or she had enrol.

User can view the exam result on Web page and in PDF format
also.

TOOLS / ENVIRONMENT USED

Those tools that we are concentrates to design the system are

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Back-end design tool:

MySQL software of the database system will be used in

developing and managing the back end of the system for
permanent storage of records.

MySQL, the most popular open-Source SQL database management

system, is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle
Corporation.

MySQL is a database management system.

A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from

a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of
information in a corporate network. To add, access, and process data
stored in a computer database, you need a database management
system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at
handling large amounts of data, database management systems play

a central role in computing, as standalone utilities, or as parts of

other applications.

MySQL databases are relational.

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A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than
putting all the data in one big storeroom. The database structures are
organized into physical files optimized for speed. The logical model,
with objects such as databases, tables, views, rows, and columns,
offers a flexible programming environment. You set up rules
governing the relationships between different data fields, such as
one-to-one, one-to-many, unique, required or optional,
and “pointers” between different tables.

The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query Language”.

SQL is the most common standardized language used to access
databases. Depending on your programming environment, you might
enter SQL directly (for example, to generate reports), embed SQL
statements into code written in another language, or use a language-
specific API that hides the SQL syntax.

MySQL software is Open Source.

Open-Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify

the software. Anybody can download the MySQL software from the
Internet and use it without paying anything. If you wish, you may
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study the source code and change it to suit your needs. The MySQL
software uses the GPL to define what you may and may not do with
the software in different situations.

MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists

of a multithreaded SQL server that supports different back ends,
several different client programs and libraries, administrative tools,
and a wide range of application programming interfaces (APIs).

The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and

easy to use.

MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases

much faster than existing solutions and has been successfully used in
highly demanding production environments for several years.
Although under constant development, MySQL Server today offers a
rich and useful set of functions. Its connectivity, speed, and security
make MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on the
Internet.

o Front end design tool:

The user interface will be developed using php integrated

development environment. Is a server-side scripting

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 language that designed for web development, as well as used
for general purpose language.

PHP is a server-side scripting language. that is used to develop Static

websites or Dynamic websites or Web applications. PHP stands for
Hypertext Pre-processor, that earlier stood for Personal Home Pages.
A script is a set of programming instructions that is interpreted at
runtime. A scripting language is a language that interprets scripts at
runtime. Scripts are usually embedded into other software
environments. The purpose of the scripts is usually to enhance the
performance or perform routine tasks for an application. Server-side
scripts are interpreted on the server while client-side scripts are
interpreted by the client application. Most web hosting servers
support PHP by default unlike other languages such as ASP that need
IIS. This makes PHP a cost-effective choice.

 PHP is regular updated to keep abreast with the latest

technology trends.
 Other benefit that you get with PHP is that it’s a server-side
scripting language; this means you only need to install it on

 The server and client computers requesting for resources from

the server do not need to have PHP installed; only a web browser

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 would be enough.

Other tools used in the system includes

 Microsoft office 2007 for documenting.
Microsoft Office 2007 is a version of Microsoft office,
a family of office suites and productivity software for
Windows, developed and published by Microsoft.

 Notepad++ or Sublime text 3 or Vs code

Sublime Text has a powerful, Python API that allows
plugins to augment built-in functionality. Package
control can be installed via the command palette,
providing simple access to thousands of packages built
by the community.

 Adobe Photoshop: for editing image.

The best photo editing software for spectacular photos
and graphics.

o Methodology of the project:

In developing this system some methods will be applied in order to
accomplish in an effective manner.

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  Data collection methodology
Data collection is one of the important tasks to analyze how the
activities can be done in the proposed system.

 Interview: we use this technique to get direct information to those

who run the traditional system, the principal of the school and
other related persons who have knowledge of alumni.

 Practical Observation: we observe physically the current existing

system done manually to collect additional information and
analysing their difficulties and we observe other social Medias like
face book.

ANALYSIS

Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

 DFD, Data flow diagrams are used to graphically represent the

flow of data in a business information system. DFD describes the

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 processes that are involved in a system to transfer data from the
input to the file storage and reports generation.
 Data flow diagrams can be divided into logical and physical. The
logical data flow diagram describes flow of data through a system
to perform certain functionality of a business. The physical data
flow diagram describes the implementation of the logical data
flow.
 DFD graphically representing the functions, or processes, which
capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system
and its environment and between components of a system. The
visual representation makes it a good communication tool
between User and System designer. Structure of DFD allows
starting from a broad overview and expands it to a hierarchy of
detailed diagrams.

 In Software engineering DFD (data flow diagram) can be drawn to

represent the system of different levels of abstraction. Higher level
DFDs are partitioned into low levels-hacking more

 Information and functional elements. Levels in DFD are numbered

0, 1, 2 or beyond. Here, we will see mainly 3 levels in data flow

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 diagram, which are: 0-level DFD, 1-level DFD, and 2-level DFD.

Levels in Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

 0-level DFD:

It is also known as context diagram. It’s designed to be an

abstraction view, showing the system as a single process with
its relationship to external entities. It represents the entire
system as single bubble with input and output data indicated
by incoming/outgoing arrows.

RESULTS

ADMIN/TEA Online
examination STUDENT
CHER
system
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 EXAMINATIO
N

 1-level DFD:

In 1-level DFD, context diagram is decomposed into multiple

bubbles/processes. in this level we highlight the main
functions of the system and breakdown the high-level process
of 0-level DFD into sub processes.

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 2-level DFD:

2-level DFD goes one step deeper into parts of 1-level DFD. It
can be used to plan or record the specific/necessary detail
about the system’s functioning.

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 ER Diagram

Entity relationship diagram displays the relationships of

entity set stored in a database. In other words, we can say
that ER diagrams help you to explain the logical structure
of databases. At first look, an ER diagram looks very
similar to the flowchart. However, ER Diagram includes
many specialized symbols, and its meanings make this
model unique.
 Components of the ER Diagram

This model is based on three basic concepts: Entities, Attributes,

Relationships

 ENTITY RELATIONAL (ER) MODEL

Is a high-level conceptual data model diagram. ER modeling

helps us to analyze data requirements systematically to produce a
well-designed database. The Entity-Relation model represents
real-world entities and the relationship between them. It is
considered a best practice to complete ER modeling before
implementing one’s database.

 It displays the relationships of entity set stored in a database.

In other words, we can say that ER diagrams help us to explain
the logical structure of databases. At first look, an ER diagram
looks very similar to the flowchart. However, ER Diagram
includes many specialized symbols, and its meanings make this
model unique. The purpose of ER Diagram is to represent the
entity framework infrastructure.

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Generate has
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DESIGN

The purpose of designing is to show how the system is built and

to obtain clear and enough information needed to make the
actual implementation of the system. It is based on
understanding of the model the software built on. The objectives
of design are to model the system with high quality.

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Implementing of high-quality system depend on the nature of
design created by the designer. If one want to changes to the
system after it has been put in to operation depends on the
quality of the system design. So if the system is design effectively,
it will be easy to make changes to it.

During system design, we focus on the processes, data structures,

and software and hardware components necessary to implement
it. The challenge of system design is that many conflicting criteria
and constraints need to be met when decomposing the system.

1.1. Class type architecture

The architecture which will be used for the proposed system is a
two-tier architecture where the first tier is the client or the user
side is a web browser containing user interfaces like data entry
interfaces; it is used to display information to the user. User

directly interacts with the system through the interfaces on this

layer. The second layer is the storage layer (server side) which is the
MySQL database that stores the data. This increase the
extensibility, maintainability and portability of the new system.
This class type architecture includes interface class, controller
class, business class, system class, and persistence class and

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persistence store.

Interface classes: - These classes initiate access to the logic of our

system and this interface class is the UI classes that provide people
access to our system. An example of interface class is login
interface class.

Business classes: - These classes implement the concepts and

focusing on the data aspects of the business objects, plus behaviors
specific to individual objects of the system. Examples:-Record new
member, uploading file, delivering information and generate
discussion forum.

Controller classes: - These classes implement business logic that

involves collaborating with several domain classes or even other
process classes.
Examples of Controller classes are password, user name and
account type.

Persistence classes: - These classes can be used to the capability

of store, retrieve, and delete objects permanently without
revealing details of the underlying storage technology.
Example of this class is database class.

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System classes: - These classes provide operating-system-
specific functionality for your applications, isolating your
software from the operating system (OS) by initiating OS-specific
features, increasing the portability of your application.
Persistence store: -These classes can be used to store data
permanently on the database that we can retrieve by other
classes.

All types of classes interact with system classes. This is because

new systems layer implements fundamental software features.

Architecture of the system

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TESTING

o UNIT TESTING

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Unit testing is a level of software testing where individual units/
components of software are tested. The purpose is to validate
that each unit of the software performs as designed. A unit is the
smallest testable part of any software. It usually has one or a few
inputs and usually a single output. In procedural programming,
a unit may be an individual program, function, procedure, etc. in
object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is a method,

which may belong to a base/ super class, abstract class or

derived/ child class. (Some treat a module of an application as a
unit. It is concerned with functional correctness of the
standalone modules. The main aim is to isolate each unit of the
system to identify, analyze and fix the defects. A unit test is a way
of testing a unit – the smallest piece of code that can be logically
isolated in a system. In most programming languages, that is a
function, a subroutine, a method or property. The isolated part
of the definition is important.

Unit Testing Techniques:

 Black Box Testing - Using which the user interface, input and
output are tested.

 White Box Testing - used to test each one of those functions

behaviors is tested.

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  Gray Box Testing - Used to execute tests, risks and assessment
methods.

 Integration Testing

Integration Testing is a level of software testing where individual

units are combined and tested as a group. The purpose of this level of
testing is to expose faults in the interaction between integrated
units. Test drivers and test stubs are used to assist in Integration
Testing. It is defined as a type of testing where software modules are
integrated logically and tested as a group. A typical software project
consists of multiple software modules, coded by different
programmers. The purpose of this level of testing is to expose defects
in the interaction between these software modules when they are
Integrated Integration Testing focuses on checking data
communication amongst these modules. Hence it is also termed as 'I &
T' (Integration and Testing), 'String Testing' and sometimes 'Thread
Testing'.

Approaches, Strategies, Methodologies of

Integration Testing
Software Engineering defines variety of strategies to execute
Integration testing, viz.

 Big Bang Approach

 Incremental Approach: which is further divided into the

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 following
o Top-Down Approach
o Bottom-Up Approach
o Sandwich Approach - Combination of Top Down and
Bottom Up

System Testing

System Testing is a level of testing that validates the complete

and fully integrated software product. The purpose of a system test
is to evaluate the end-to-end system specifications. Usually, the
software is only one element of a larger computer-based system.
Ultimately, the software is interfaced with other
software/hardware systems. System Testing is actually a series of
different tests whose sole purpose is to exercise the full computer-
based system.
System Testing is carried out on the whole system in the context
of either system requirement specifications or functional
requirement specifications or in the context of both. System
testing tests the design and behavior of the system and also the
expectations of the customer. It is performed to test the system
beyond the bounds mentioned in the software requirements
specification (SRS).

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In system testing, integration testing passed components are
taken as input. The goal of integration testing is to detect any
irregularity between the units that are integrated together.
System testing detects defects within both the integrated units
and the whole system. The result of system testing is the observed
behavior of a component or a system when it is tested. System
Testing is basically performed by a testing team that is
independent of the development team that helps to test the
quality of the system impartial. It has both functional and non-
functional testing. System Testing is a black-box testing. It is
performed after the integration testing and before the acceptance
testing.

Types of System Testing

 Performance Testing:
Performance Testing is a type of software testing that is
carried out to test the speed, scalability, stability and
reliability of the software product or application.

 Load Testing:
Load Testing is a type of software Testing which is carried out
to determine the behavior of a system or software product

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 under extreme load.

 Stress Testing:
Stress Testing is a type of software testing performed to check
the robustness of the system under the varying loads.

 Scalability Testing:
Scalability Testing is a type of software testing which is
carried out to check the performance of a software application
or system in terms of its capability to scale up or scale down
the number of user request load.

System testing is important since:

a) In Software Development Life Cycle the System Testing is

perform as the first level of testing where the System is tested as a
whole.

b) System Testing enables you to test, validate and verify both the
Application Architecture and Business requirements.

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In our project we are testing whether the student is authorized or
not. When student want to register themselves, it will check whether
the student id and name entered is the same as in the database. If
authorized student has login, they can register themselves. If not
authorized then, back to main page. We are also checking the admin
login whether it is authorized or not. Only authorized admin can
login. No one can register themselves as admin. Admin can change
username and password in admin page only. Member login is also
verified from the database values.

Input and Output

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Database

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35
ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE EXMINATION SYSTEM:

 Online Examination System is a computerized system which

gives instant results and also saves time.
 It fully automates the previous manual process of taking
written exams.
 It is implemented by web based online examination software or
through Intranet variance. It decreases the need of supervision
during the exam is being examine or taken using web based
Online Examination System gives a high level of clarity as
opposite of traditional method. Most of Online Examination
System gives the result and instantly.
 In high school, Online Examination System is able to reduce
the workload of teachers by using automated test paper exams
and marking schemes.
 Students can study independently for example at home or any

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 place.
 The amount of time given at a particular question gives you the
ability of “Quick Learning Quick Thinking.”
 The data in Online Examination System is regenerated
repeatedly so that students have access to new data.
 In current scenario, because of COVID-19 we can use “online
examination system”.

DISADVANTAGES OF ONLINE EXAMINATION

SYSTEM:

 The question and answers may be tricky and confusing as there

are multiple choices for answers.

 Lack of interaction between the teacher and student.

 Network problems may arise in Online Examination System,

test may be postponed or cancel.

 As India is not a fully developed country problem may arise in

rural areas where there is deficiency of computers or where
computers are not yet discovered.

 Hackers can easily manage to achieve confidential data

through fake online application or websites.

 While attempting online exams we can easily manage to open

another window on existing computer.

 Teaching techniques of an instructor or teacher may vary from

online exam questions.

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FUTURE SCOPE OF ONLINE EXAMINATION
SYSTEM:

 Online Examination System is widely used as compared to

other exams. Online examination system can be used in
private institutes as well as educational institution.

 It is user friendly web base application it can be used

anywhere and anytime.

 The main purpose of the system is to efficiently evaluate the

candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that
not only saves a lot of time but also gives fast result and
saves paper.

 The faculty prepares the tests and question for each exam.

 The question are shuffled in a random order so that

possibility for getting questions in the same order for the
student how are beside, it is very less.

Feasibility Study

 Technical Feasibility
Building this system is technically feasible. The hardware and
software needed are all available, it not difficult to get them. Brief
I can say the necessary resources needed for the development and
maintenance of the system are available. I am going to use “PHP

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and MySQL”.

 Operationally Feasibility
The project I am developing is operationally feasible as there is no
need for users to have good knowledge in computer before using
it. The user can learn and use the system with easiness; he just
needs to read the manual or tutorial from the developers.

 Economic Feasibility
Besides being technically feasible, developing this system is
economically feasible as well. The development of the system
does not require the developers to spend a lot of money. The tools
I will be using to develop the system are not expensive and the
software’s are open source. All I need is time. Even the
maintenance of the system will not be expensive. The system is
indeed economically feasible.

Security
Online examination system as an important part of the
assessment of student’s learning outcomes, which needs to be
confidential to the examinee and the related questions. The
related data and operation must ensure the safety of the whole
system. For system operators, admin need to assigns different
operating authority. Before operating, the system needs to
authenticate the user's access. Only an operator with
corresponding rights is allowed to related operations, otherwise,
his operations are refused. In addition, the system interfaces of
the user are not allowed to access or operate are hidden. In order
to ensure the data security of the system, it is necessary to
strengthen the security of database management system,
preventing illegal data destruction and loss of important data. In
database security, mandatory access control and custom access
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control need to be implemented. The system assigns different
user roles for different database users, and grants the permissions
for user. In addition, the system needs to strengthen the
management of user access permissions. Only a specific
permission operator can do the corresponding operation. The
system needs to adopt two methods of access control and
network control, ensuring no unauthorized access to the whole
system and no illegal use to each function.

Limitation of project

 In case of any type of problem in student verification no

functionality is define in a system to correct it or
intercommunication among user are also not available.

 Online examination system is restricted to multiple choice

question which can be inefficient in assessing a student’s topic
Mastery. Exams in the form of debates, essays, case-based
questions and oral exams are difficult to conduct online.

 Online examination system does not support for adding

images with question so questions containing diagram can not
be saved in the system.

 It has no real existence in internet just tested on localhost.

 Skip of questions is not possible and the question is not

displayed randomly.

 There is no negative marking and there is no fixed time and

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 date for online exam, It can lead to excessive cheating.

 Not suitable for collaborative evaluations or group project.

 There are subject like mathematics, economic, science, that are

difficult to attempt online as include formulae

Conclusion
Online Examination System is significantly superior among the
other exams. We have come to result that the problems can be
solved by introducing new security systems using biometrics, we
can identify the student’s true identity by analyzing digital
signature or by finger print mechanism and also by providing web
cameras in the examination hall. Although web cameras
Sometimes gets failed, if supposed a candidate is giving exam and
facing downwards in such case Iris recognition and face
recognition must be used. We conclude that no mechanism is
ideal. Each mechanism has some restriction on its own. Key
concepts are to develop paperless environment and to convert all
the documentation in digital form. With the completion of this
project, we conclude that it has achieved its purpose. The whole
project provides a base for students to take their exam using
software and allow teacher to add questions and answers into the
system. The system is developed using PHP and MySQL are saved
in the database. Online examination system for introduction to
management course is the best compared to paper-based exam.
The automated system helps students and lecturers to save time
and makes the process faster. It saves space since answers papers
will not be used. With a user-friendly system that has security,
integrity and the database is neither inconsistent nor redundant.

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 Reference
 Software Testing Tutorial - Tutorials point
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
 https://www.w3schools.com/
 https://programmer2programmer.net
 https://projectworld.in
 https://1000projects.org
 https://www.academia.edu
 Search papers:
www.irjet.net
www.ijariie.com

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