SPREADSHEETS TERMINOLOGY

1. Workbook: A workbook is a collection of worksheets that are saved

together in one file. Individual worksheets can be given descriptive
names and you can switch from one worksheet to another by using
the sheet tabs that appear beneath the worksheet grid area.

2. Worksheet: A worksheet is the grid of columns and rows that

information is inputted into. In many spreadsheet applications (such
as Microsoft Excel) one file -- called a workbook -- can contain
several worksheets. Worksheets can be named using the sheet tabs
of the bottom of the spreadsheet window. The sheet tabs can also be
used to switch from one worksheet to another within a workbook

3. Column: Columns run vertically on the spreadsheet screen. An

Excel spreadsheet contains 256 columns that are labelled with the
letters of the alphabet. When the column labels reach letter "Z" they
continue on with AA, AB, AC...... AZ and then BA, BB, BC.....BZ etc.

4. Rows: Rows run horizontally on the spreadsheet screen. An Excel

spreadsheet contains 16,384 rows which are labeled numerically.

5. Cell: A cell is a rectangular area formed by the intersection of a

column and a row. Cells are identified by the Cell Name (or
Reference, which is found by combining the Column Letter with the
Row Number. For example, the cell in Column "C" in Row "3" would
be cell C3. Cells may contain Labels, Numbers, Formulas or
Functions.

6. Cell Name: By default, the name of a cell is the cell reference. You
may, however, define a particular cell or range of cells with an
alternative name. This alternative name can then be used in formulas
and functions and provide a quick way to jump to a particular area of
the spreadsheet.

7. Active Cell: The active cell is the cell in the spreadsheet that is
currently selected for data entry. You can change which cell is the
active cell by clicking the left mouse button once or using the arrow
keys on the keyboard. The current active cell can be identified as
being the one that has a darker black border around it. Also, the
active cell reference is listed in the Name Box directly above the
spreadsheet's column headings.
 8. Anchor Cell: The anchor cell is the first cell that is highlighted in a
range. When a range of cells is selected, they appear as highlighted
in black. The anchor cell, however, remains white. If only one cell is
selected in the sheet, it is the anchor cell.

9. Cell Reference: A cell reference is the name of the cell that is found
by combining the Column Letter with the Row Number. For example
the cell in Column "C" in Row "3" would be cell C3.

10. Relative Reference: A relative cell reference is one that changes

when it is copied. For example, if a formula that contains the cell
reference "C4" is copied to the next cell to the right, the reference will
change to D4 (updating the column letter). If the same formula is
copied down one cell, the reference will change to "C5" (updating the
row number). The other type of reference is an Absolute Reference.

11. Absolute Cell Reference: An absolute cell reference is one that

does not change when it is copied. To make a cell reference
absolute, you must include a $ before the reference (ex: $C$4). The
other type of reference is a Relative Reference..

12. Bar / Column Chart: A bar or column chart is a style of chart that is
used to summarize and compare categorical data. The length of each
bar represents the aggregate value (ex: sum) of that particular
category. Bars run horizontally and columns run vertically.

13. Column / Bar Chart: A column or bar chart is a style of chart that is
used to summarize and compare categorical data. The length of each
bar represents the aggregate value (ex: sum) of that particular
category. Columns run vertically and Bars run horizontally.

14. Data: Data refers to the type of information that can be stored in the
cells of a spreadsheet. Spreadsheet data types include values
(numbers), labels, formulas and functions.

15. Enter key: The Enter Key on the keyboard is used to accept any
data that has been typed in a cell and move the active cell down
vertically to the next one in a column.

16. Fill: Fill is a feature that can be used to quickly copy data from the
anchor cell to an adjoining range, updating the data if appropriate.
 This means that if the anchor cell contains a formula with relative cell
references, those references will automatically update relative to their
position when copied to a new location. Fill can also be used to
automatically populate common lists of data such as days of the
week or months. Fill can be used to copy data either horizontally or
vertically in a range.

17. Fill Handle: The fill handle is the small bold square in the bottom
right corner of a cell that can be used to copy (fill) data to adjacent
cells in the same row or column. When you hover over the fill handle
box, the mouse pointer will change to a black plus sign. You may
then click the left mouse button, (and hold it down) while selecting the
adjacent cells to copy to. Releasing the mouse button will then fill the
content.

18. Filter: Filtering will allow you to quickly find the information that you
are looking for in a spreadsheet. When you apply a filter, you control
the data that is displayed on the screen by setting criteria. Data
contained in rows that don't meet your criteria will temporarily
disappear from view when the filter is applied. When the filter is
cleared, all of the data will once again appear in the spreadsheet.

19. Formula: A formula is a spreadsheet data type that will calculate a

result and display it in the active cell. A formula is written using cell
references and must begin with an equal sign "=" to distinguish it
from a label. An example of a formula would be:
=A3+C3 which would take whatever value was entered into cell A3
and add it to the value that was typed into C3. After typing the
formula and pressing the Enter key, the resulting value will be
displayed.

20. Formula Bar: The formula bar appears directly above the column
headings of a spreadsheet and will display what has been typed into
the active cell. For example, if you click on a cell that contains the
formula =A3+C3, the cell itself will show the result of the formula. The
formula bar, however, will display what has actually been typed into
the cell which, in this case, is =A3+C3.

21. Freezing Columns and/or Rows: Freezing is a technique that can

be used in larger spreadsheets to assist in viewing the information on
the screen. If a spreadsheet contains many rows, you can freeze the
rows containing your heading labels so that as you scroll down in the
sheet the headings stay at the top and line up with the appropriate
data. Likewise, if your spreadsheet contains many columns, the
leftmost columns may be frozen so that they stay with the data as
you scroll to the right.

22. Function: Functions are built-in formulas that are used to enter
either commonly used or very complex formulas. Like formulas,
functions begin with an equal sign "=" and use cell references in their
 format. One commonly used function is the Sum function, which will
add up the values in a range. The function: =sum(H2:H25) would add
all values contained in cells H2 through H25 and return the result
when the enter key is pressed.

23. Gridlines: Gridlines are the horizontal and vertical lines on the
screen that separate cells in a spreadsheet. Gridlines typically do not
print unless the option is set in the layout options of the spreadsheet.

24. Labels: Labels refer to text that is typed into the cells of a
spreadsheet. Labels have no numeric value and cannot be used in a
formula or function.

25. Name Box: The name box appears to the left of the formula bar and
displays the name of the current cell. Unless you define a cell or
range of cells with a specific name, the name box will display the cell
reference of the active cell.

26. Pie Chart: A pie chart is a circular chart that is divided up into
sections, each of which represents the numerical proportion of the
whole.

27. Print Area: The print area is used to specify a range of cells that will
be printed, rather than printing an entire worksheet. This is
particularly useful for very large worksheets with multiple columns
and rows.

28. Print Titles: Print titles are used to repeat column or row titles on
each page. That way, if a spreadsheet prints on multiple pages, each
page will contain the appropriate headings to identify the data.

29. Range: A range is a group of cells in a spreadsheet that have been

selected. If the cells are all together in a rectangular or square shape,
it is an adjacent range. An adjacent range is identified by the cell
reference in the upper left and lower right corners of the selection
 separated by a colon. (Example: A3:B5). In this example, the range
would include all cells in the rectangular area formed by beginning
the highlighting in cell A3 and dragging down to B5. You can consider
the colon as the word "through". In this case, the range would include
cells A3 through B5.

If there are gaps between selected cells (cells are separated by rows
or columns) the range is a non-adjacent range. Areas of a non-
adjacent range are separated by commas when referenced in a
formula. (Example: A3, A4, B5). The comma in a non-adjacent range
is like the word "and". In this example, our range would be cells A3
and A4 and B5, but not the cells in between.

30. Sheet Tabs: In Microsoft Excel, the sheet tabs appear below the
worksheet grid area and allow you to switch from one worksheet to
another in a workbook.

31. Sort: Sorting is used to arrange information in a particular order.

When sorting data, you may choose multiple levels of criteria and
sort in either ascending or descending order. For example, a
spreadsheet of data could be sorted first alphabetically in ascending
order by last name and then by first name.

32. Tab Key -- The tab key on the keyboard is used to accept any data
that has been typed in a cell and move the active cell horizontally to
the next one in a row.

33. Values: Values are numeric data that is entered into a cell. When
data is formatted as the value type, it can be referred to in formulas
and functions and used in calculations.