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Physics Project

This project report focuses on analyzing the factors affecting the internal resistance of various battery cells to enhance their performance. The experiment involves measuring the electromotive force (em.f.) and internal resistance of different cells using a voltmeter and ammeter. Results are calculated using a specific formula, and precautions for accurate measurements are outlined.

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11 views9 pages

Physics Project

This project report focuses on analyzing the factors affecting the internal resistance of various battery cells to enhance their performance. The experiment involves measuring the electromotive force (em.f.) and internal resistance of different cells using a voltmeter and ammeter. Results are calculated using a specific formula, and precautions for accurate measurements are outlined.

Uploaded by

mmsgkardam
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© © All Rights Reserved
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INDEX 1 Certificate i 9 Acknowledgement | _ ii 3 Introduction 1 4 Experiment 2 5 Bibliography 8 Introduction There is a great need of batteries in our daily use electronic appliances and use is increasing every day. Thus, the batteries need to be made more powerful so that their potentia can be increased greatly.Thus, this project report is based on practical analysis for the factors affecting the internal resistance of a cell. When the internal resistance of the cell is decreased we can increase the potential difference across it, and hence make it more reliable. © Object- To study various factors on which the internal resistance /electromotive force (em.f.) of a cell depends. le apparatus required- Different cells (eg. Leclanche cells Duel cell, lead accumulator, Ni-Fe cell), voltmeter of high resistance, ammeter, rheostat, key and connecting wires. Formula used- If e.m.f. of a cell is E, internal resistance and on drawing current I, potential difference falls to V, then internal resistance is given as r= E-V I where E and V are in volt, I in ampere and rin ohm. ¢ Procedure- (1) First of all select one cell and complete electric circuit as shown in Fig. Connect ammeter A, plug key k2 and rheostat Rh in series with the given cell E. Connect voltmeter V and plug key K1 in parallel with the cell E. Care should be taken that ve of ammeter and voltmeter are connected with the positive terminal of cell and plugs of both the keys an out of the keys 2) Note the least count of voltmeter and ammeter and also note zero error, if any. (3) Insert the plug in key K1 only to note voltmeter reading This will be the em.f. E of cell (4) Now insert plug in key k2 also and by rheostat, adjust the current in circuit to the minimum value. Note the voltmeter and ammeter readings V and I respectively (5) Take three observations by changing current in circuit with the help of rheostat (6) Repeat the experiment with 2nd, 3rd..... cells Voltmeter reading [When key k2 is closed| with key k1 open Ammeter |Voltmeter| =emf of cell (volt)| reading reading i I (amp) _|V(volt When When key k2 is closed] is closed] Potential |Internal ¢ Calculations- Calculate the value of internal resistance r by formula r = (E - V)/I for each observation in above table. © Result - The and internal resistance of different cells are as given below: (1) Leclanche cell: e.m. f= , internal resistance = (2) Daniel cell:e.m.f= __, internal resistance = (3) Lead accumulator: e.m.f.= , internal resistance = (4) Ni-Fe cell:em.f= , internal resistance = ¢ Precautions - (1) Voltmeter should have high resistance. (2) +ve ends of voltmeter and ammeter should be connected with +ve terminal of cell. (3) All connections should be tight. (4) Current should not be drawn from a cell for longer duration Bibliography 1. www.google.com 2.www.wikipedia.org 3. www.scribd.com 4, www.slideshare.com 5. Shivalal Practical Physics : class XII 6, Physics NCERT XII

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