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Grade 10 Structure of DNA and RNA

The document discusses the discovery and functions of DNA and RNA, highlighting DNA's role as the genetic blueprint of living organisms and its structure as a double helix made of nucleotides. It also explains RNA's function in protein synthesis and its composition as a single strand of nucleotides. Additionally, it compares the differences between DNA and RNA in terms of structure and function.

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13 views21 pages

Grade 10 Structure of DNA and RNA

The document discusses the discovery and functions of DNA and RNA, highlighting DNA's role as the genetic blueprint of living organisms and its structure as a double helix made of nucleotides. It also explains RNA's function in protein synthesis and its composition as a single strand of nucleotides. Additionally, it compares the differences between DNA and RNA in terms of structure and function.

Uploaded by

antoinettevalcantara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DID YOU KNOW?

 James Watson and English


physicist Francis
Crick discovered DNA in the
1950s.
 James Watson, who won the
prize in 1962 for outlining the
double-helix structure of
DNA.
 The discovery of RNA began
with the discovery of nucleic
acids by Friedrich
Miescher in 1868 who called
the material 'nuclein' since it
was found in the nucleus.
THE DNA
WHAT IS DNA AND HOW IT FUNCTIONS?

 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) – is a double


helix organic molecule that is needed by
the cell for its metabolic function such as
cell division.
 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) – controls
the appearance of the specific traits of all
living things and known as the “blueprint
of the body” as it is recognized as the
genetic material of all living things.
WHAT IS DNA AND HOW IT FUNCTIONS?

⦁ DNA contains the genes.


⦁ Genes are composed of genetic code which
served as the genetic information and called
as “genome”.

⦁ Genes can be found in all kinds of organisms’


cells that makes up their trait.
Where can we find DNA?
 Cell’s nucleus contains of chromosomes.
 Chromosomes are filamentous nuclear materials
known as “carrier of hereditary factors” and which
are composed of coiled strands of DNA.
 Chromosomes are thread-like structures that bears
the genetic information. Chromosome occurs in
pairs, hence in human cell there are twenty-three
(23) pairs of homologous chromosomes or a total of
forty-six (46).
Where can we found DNA?
THE DNA COMPOSITION
DNA is made up of sub-units called nucleotide and
consists of three types of chemical component:

1. Deoxyribose sugar

2. a phosphate group, (DNA backbone)


3. nitrogenous bases are adenine, guanine, (purine
bases) cytosine, thymine (pyrimidine bases) as
held together by hydrogen bond.
THE STRUCTURE OF DNA
THE RNA
WHAT IS RNA AND ITS FUNCTIONS?
 RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, and consists of
a long single strand of nucleotides and it occurs
in a variety of lengths and shapes.

 Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an important


biological macromolecule that is present in all
biological cells.
WHAT IS RNA AND ITS FUNCTIONS?
 The primary role of RNA is to convert
the information stored in DNA into
proteins. Clancy, S. (2008) RNA
Functions.

RNA’s primary role was to


intermediate between DNA and
protein. RNA Theraputic Institute
(2008).
WHAT IS RNA AND ITS FUNCTIONS?

RNA is principally involved in the synthesis


of proteins and;
carrying the messenger instructions from
DNA, which itself contains the genetic
instructions required for the development
and maintenance of life. Cuffari, B. 2016. M.
Sc.
Where can we found RNA?

 The cell’s nucleus has innermost part which


is the nucleolus, the nucleolus mostly
contains RNA and proteins. Nucleolus is a
ribosome factory as it is associated with the
synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein.
Where can we found RNA?
THE RNA COMPOSITION
 RNA consists of ribose sugar nucleotides

 Nitrogenous bases appended to a phosphate


sugar (RNA backbone) attached by
phosphodiester bonds.

 The nitrogenous bases in RNA


are adenine, guanine, (purine bases) cytosine,
and uracil, (pyrimidine bases) which
replaces thymine in DNA.
THE KINDS OF RNA AND ITS FUNCTIONS
 messenger RNA (mRNA) - moves from nucleus into the
cytoplasm and transmits the genetic code from the DNA
which serves as the pattern for the formation of protein.

 transfer RNA (tRNA) - are folded RNA which has the


capacity to bond to specific type of amino acid among the
twenty essential one scattered through the cytoplasm.

 ribsomal RNA (rRNA) - are scattered along the ribosome


found at the surface rough endoplasmic reticulum which is
believed to be the site where mRNA align itself to form a
template or pattern for the synthesis of protein.
THE STRUCTURE ON TYPES OF RNA
THE STRUCTURE OF RNA

A – Adenine
U – Uracil
G – Guanine
C- Cytosine
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RNA AND DNA
AS GENETIC CODE
Comparison DNA RNA

Name DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RiboNucleic Acid

Function Long-term storage of genetic Used to transfer the


information; transmission of genetic code from the
genetic information to make nucleus to the ribosomes to
other cells and new make proteins.
organisms.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA

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