85

Milestone Practice 7.3

Given, A =  2 1 −2 
  | A | ( 3−1) = 2 8 ⋅ 3 4
2
⇒
 2 −2 1 
⇒ | A | 4 = (2 2 ⋅ 3 ) 4
Let C be the matrix of cofactors of the element in | A |, then
 1 −2 2 −2 2 1  ⇒ | A | = 2 2 × 3 = 12
 −2 1 −
2 1 2 −2  x y −z
c11 c12 c13   
   −2 −2 −1 −2 −1 −2  ⇒ 1 2 3 = 12
C = c 21 c 22 c 23 = − −
  −2 1 2 1 2 −2  1 1 2
c 31 c 32 c 33   −2 −2 − 1 − 2 − 1 −2 

 − ⇒ x ( 4 − 3 ) − y (2 − 3 ) − z (1 − 2 ) = 12
 1 −2 2 −2 2 1  ⇒ x + y + z = 12 = m (let)
 −3 −6 −6  Number of such matrices A = m −1Cn −1 = (12−1)C ( 3−1) = 11C 2 = 55
=6 3 −6 
  Given, C = ( A −5 + B −5 ) + 5 A −1B −1( A −3 + B −3 )
 6 −6 3 
+ 10 A −2B −2( A −1 + B −1 )
 −3 6 6  −1 2 2
We know that

⇒ adj A = C ′ = −6 3 −6 = 3 −2 1 −2  = 3AT
 
    (a + b )n = an + nC1 an −1b1 + nC 2 an − 2b 2 + K + nCn −1anbn −1 + bn
−6 −6 3  −2 −2 1 
⇒(a + b ) 5 = a 5 + 5C1 a 4b1 + 5C 2 a 3b 2 + K + 5C 4ab 4 + b 5
n −1
| adj ( A ) | = | A |
Let a = A −1,b = B −1 and c = ( A −1 + B −1 ) 5
Q
⇒ | B | = | A| 2 [Q adj ( A ) = B ]
sin 2 α 0 0 
⇒ 64 = | A | 2 −1 −1  
Now, A +B = 0 sin 2 β 0 
⇒ | A| = ± 8  0 0 sin 2 γ 

Q A ( adj A ) = | A | I
cos2 α 0 0 
10 0   
⇒  0 10  = | A | I + 0 cos β 2
0 
   0 0 cos2 γ 

1 0 
⇒ | A | I = 10   sin 2 α + cos2 α 0 0 
0 1   
⇒ A −1 + B −1 = 0 sin 2 β + cos2 β 0 
On comparing, we get
 0 0 sin 2
γ cos 2 
γ
| A | = 10  
We know that | adj A | = | A |n −1 1 0 0 
Since, A is singular, then | A | = 0 ⇒ A −1 + B −1 =  0 1 0  [Q sin 2 A + sin 2 B = 1 ]
 
⇒ | adj A | = 0 0 0 1 
So, adj A is also singular. ⇒ ( A −1 + B −1 ) 5 = I 5 = I
1 2 −1  1 0 0
Given, A = −1 1 2 Q C = ( A −1 + B −1 ) 5 = I ⇒ | C | = 0 1 0 = 1
 
 2 −1 1  0 0 1
 cos x sin x0
| A | = 1 (1 + 2 ) − 2 ( − 1 − 4 ) − 1 (1 − 2 )
Given, A = − sin x cos x 0  = f ( x )
= 3 + 10 + 1 = 14  
2
− 2n + 1  0 0 1 
det ( adj ( adj ( A ))) = | A |n [using property 5]
| A | = cos x (cos x ) − sin x ( − sin x ) = cos2 x + sin 2 x = 1
Here, n = 3 and | A | = 14
2
− 2× 3+ 1 Let C is a matrix of cofactors of the elements in | A |
∴ det ( adj ( adj A )) = (14 ) 3 = 14 4
 cos x sin x 0 
Given, k ∈ R0 C = − sin x cos x 0 
 
Q adj (kA ) = kn −1( adj( A )) [using property 6]  0 0 1 
∴ adj (kI n ) = k n −1
( adj I n ) cos x − sin x 0 
= kn −1 I n [Q adj I n = I n ] ∴ adj A = C ′ =  sin x cos x 0 
 
= kn −1  0 0 1 
86

cos x − sin x 0  0 1 −1 
Given, A = 4 −3 4  is an involutory matrix.
adjA 1 
Hence, A −1
= = sin x cos x 0  
| A| 1 
 0 0 1  3 −3 4 
= f (−x ) So, A 2 = I and A = A −1
[Q involutory matrix is always invertible]
1 5 
Given, A=  1
λ 10  Q (kA ) = ( A ) −1
−1
k
Q | A − xI | = 0 −1 −1
 A 1 
1−x 5 ⇒   =  A = 2 A −1 = 2 A [Q A −1 = A ]
⇒ =0  2 2 
λ 10 − x
Given, | A | = − 2, | B | = 1
⇒ x 2 − 11 x + 10 − 5 λ = 0
1 1 64
⇒ (10 − 5 λ ) A −1 = − A + 11 I We have, |( A −1 ) adj ( B −1 ) adj (2 A −1 )| = ⋅ ⋅
| A | | B |2 | A |2
−A 11
⇒ A −1 = + I …(i) 
(10 − 5 λ ) (10 − 5 λ ) −1 1 n −1 
Q | A | = | A | and | adj B| = | B | 
Given, A −1
= αA + βI …(ii)  
64
On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get = = −8
1 11 −2 × 1 × 4
α=− and β =
10 − 5 λ 10 − 5 λ Q A satisfies the equation x 2 − x + 2 = 0 ⇒ A 2 − A + 2 I = 0
Q α + β = −2 Multiplying both sides by A −1, we get
−1 11 ⇒ A 2A −1 − AA −1 + 2 IA −1 = 0 ⋅ A −1
⇒ + = −2
10 − 5 λ 10 − 5 λ ⇒ A − I + 2 A −1 = 0
10 ⇒ 2 A −1 = I − A
⇒ = −2
10 − 5 λ I −A
⇒ λ =3 ⇒ A −1 =
2
1 11
∴ α = and β = − Given, A 2 − A + I = 0
5 5
4 121 Multiplying by A −1 both sides, we get
∴ 4α + β + λ = +
2 2 2
+ 9 = 14 A 2A −1 − AA −1 + IA −1 = 0 ⋅ A −1
25 25
 0 1 −1  ⇒ A − I + A −1 = 0
Given, A = 2 1 3  ⇒ A −1 = I − A
 
3 2 1  Given, | M | = 2, where M is square matrix of order 3.
−1 −1 3
Now, ( A ( adj A ) A ) A = (| A | A ) A  M  1
adj   =   | adj M |
[Q A ( adj A ) = | A | I n = A ] 2  2
 adj A   −1 adj A  1
= ⋅| M | 3−1 [Q adj A = | A |n −1 ]
= | A |⋅  ⋅A Q A = | A | 
 | A|    8
1 2 4 1
= ( adjA ) A = ×2 = =
8 8 2
 −5 −3 4 
1 0 0 
Q adj A = C ′ =  7 3 −2 
  Given, A = 0 1 0 
 1 3 −2   
a b −1 
[where C′ is the transpose of matrix of cofactors]
1 0 0  1 0 0 
 −5 −3 4   0 1 −1 
A 2 = 0 1 0  0 1 0 
∴ (adj A ) A =  7 3 −2  2 1 3    
   a b −1  a b −1 
 1 3 −2  3 2 1 
1 0 0 
6 0 0 
= 0 1 0
= 0 6 0  
  0 0 1 
0 0 6 
= I 3× 3
3 0 0 
Now, A 2 + 2 A 4 + 4 A 6 = I + 2 ( I ) 2 + 4( I ) 3
= 2 0 3 0
  = I + 2I + 4I = 7I = 7A 8 [Q A even = I ]
0 0 3 
 87

−1
2 0 7  − x 14 x 7 x  For minimum value,
Q 0 1 0 =  0 1 0  Let a = b = 1 and c = 5
   
1 −2 1   x −4 x −2 x  So, det ( A ) | min = 6
∴ Difference = 15 − 6 = 9
 1 −14 −7  − x 14 x 7 x 
1  adj A 
⇒ − 0 −5 0  =  0 1 0  −1
Q ( A ) = | A | 
Q P + PT = 0
5      ⇒ P is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 2.
−1 4 2   x −4 x −2 x 
 0 a
On comparing both sides, we get Let P =  
1 −a 0 
x=
5 4 0  0 a 
Now, 2 A = 4 I − P =  − 
 a 0 1 0 4  −a 0 
Given, A =  0 b 2  4 −a 
  2A = 
−1 0 c  
a 4 
and tr ( A ) = 7 ⇒ |2 A | = 16 + a 2
⇒ a +b +c =7 …(i)
Now, | A | = a(bc ) + 1 (b ) ⇒ 4 | A | = 16 + a 2
= abc + b …(ii) a2
⇒ |A | = 4 +
For maximum value, 4
Let a = c = 2 and b = 3 Q |A | ≥ 4
So, det ( A ) | max = 15 Hence, the least value of | A | is 4.