4 d o c to r /to /s h o u ld /th e /g o /y o u 2 Rew rite th e sen te n ces u sin g th e past sim ple.

1 I'm not hungry, but I am tired.

5 that / he / computer / buy /expensive / shouldn't I wasn't hungry, but I was tired,
2 She is at school.
6 p h o n e /m y /s h o u ld /s is te r /l/?

3 A Are you a student?

7.2 Past simple: be and con B No, I’m not. I'm a teacher!

Past simple: b e 4 A Is your sister in her bedroom?

Questions and short answers B Yes, she is.

1 Yes, 1was.
Was 5 We aren't very rich, but we are happy.
he / she / it No, he wasn’t.
at home
you 6 They are at the station.
yesterday? Yes, you were.
Were we
No, you weren't.
they
Affirmative and negative Past simple: ca n
1 was Affirmative and negative
H e /S h e /It wasn't (=was not)
You at home yesterday. You
were could
We He /S he / I t play the piano.
weren't (=were not) couldn't (= could not)
They We
They
Form
Questions and short answers
The past simple affirmative forms o f be are was and were.
The negative is formed by adding n't (= not). 1
You / We / They were in London last night. you
Yes, 1could.
You / We / They weren't in London last night. Could h e /s h e /it speak English?
No, we couldn't.
I / He / She / It was on the bus. we
I / He / She / It wasn't on the bus. they
The past simple question form of be is formed by
Form
changing the order o f the subject and the verb.
Were you / we / they in London last night? Could is used with an infinitive without to.
Was l / he / she / it on the bus? The forms of could are the same for all persons.

Use Use
We use could to describe ability in the past.
We use the past simple form of be to talk about situations in
the past.
3 W rite sen te n ces u sin g could and couldn't.
1 C o m p lete th e sen te n ces w ith was o r were. 1 Jane / ride a bike / when she was three ✓
1 1 was at Ted's house last night.
Jane could ride a bike when she was three.
2 They.............. ........ very friendly. 2 My friends / hear / the music at the concert. X
3 My sister and 1....................... very busy last week.
4 My pa rents.... .................. in Paris for their anniversary 3 I/s w im /w h e n I was a child. X
last weekend.
5 She happy, but her brothers
4 you / play the violin / when you were younger? ✓
sad.
6 A:................. ... you in the garden? 5 We /rem em ber /th e teacher's name. ✓
B: Yes, 1..........
6 th e y /c lim b /u p th e la d d e r? v '
7 You................ ...... the most hardworking student in
our class at primary school.
8 They.............. ........ at the supermarket.

G ram m ar reference and practice 125

Grammar reference and practice
■ X V \ - f.C .

4 Rewrite sentences 1-3 in the negative and sentences 2 C o m p lete th e sentences w ith th e past sim p le form
4 -6 in the positive. o f th e ve rb s in brackets.
1 They could find the car keys. 1 Jess and A m y...........watched........... (watch) an
They..couldn't find the far keys, interesting programme on TV.
2 Orla could speak two languages. 2 We (stay) at a hotel.
3 You (copy) my homework!
3 I could play the trumpet. 4 My father (wait) for me outside
the station.
4 I couldn't swim when I was five. 5 The film (start) at 7.20 and it
................................... (finish) at 9.00.
5 We couldn’t understand English films. 6 She .................. (like) her new phone.
7 They (study) Japanese at college.
6 Maya couldn't visit her grandparents. 8 I ............................... (hate) cheese when I was a child.

8.2 Past simple affirmative:

8.1 Past simple: affirmative irregular verbs
Affirm ative Many verbs have irregular past simple forms, for
example, have - » had, know-> knew, teach —» taught.
I
You
Common irregular past simple verbs
H e /S h e /It lived 20,000 years ago.
We become became know knew
They buy bought leave left
catch caught make made
Spelling rules
come came meet met
Most regular verbs: add -ed
Regular verbs ending in -e: add -d do did put put
Short regular verbs ending in consonant + vowel + eat ate run ran
consonant: double final consonant and add -ed find found see saw
Regular verbs ending consonant + -y: change -y to -ied
get get sing sang
Use give gave teach taught
We use the past simple for: go went think thought
a completed past action or a past state. We often use grow grew understand understood
it with expressions that show when things happened,
have had wear wore
such as yesterday,... ago, when I was a child, in A p ril/in
2008, last night/last week/last month/lastyear, etc. hear heard write wrote
The girls played football with their friends yesterday.
We travelled from Kazakhstan to Kenya last year,
a past habit, often with an adverb of frequency o ra time 1 W rite sen te n ces in th e past sim ple.
expression, such as every week / every Monday / every 1 My father / teach / English and Russian / when he
summer / every year. was younger
We usually walkedToThe sports centre after school. My father taught English and P-ussian when he was
They phoned their uncle every Monday. younger......................................................................
a sequence o f actions in the past. 2 We / buy / a new armchair / last weekend.
He smiled at the girl and then disappeared.
3 I / wear / a beautiful green dress / at my friend's party.
1 C h o o se th e co rrect w ord.
1 They look / looked for their dog in the garden. 4 Jude and Max / go / to Australia / in 2013.
2 She chats / chatted to her friends last night.
3 We often used / use the internet for our homework 5 My sister / make / a cheese and mushroom pizza /
when we were students. and I / eat / it.
4 Thomas Edison invented / invents the light bulb.
5 You tried / try very hard yesterday. Well done. 6 We / write / a letter / to the President of the USA /
6 The students want / wanted to change their course last year.
last year.

126 G ram m ar reference and practice

 7 My friends / give / me / a wonderful present / for Past simple: questions and short answers
my birthday.
Yes / No q u e stio n s and sh o rt answ ers
8 Gemma / leave / her homework / in her bag.
you
understand the Yes, 1did.
Did he / she / it
2 C o m p lete th e sen te n ces w ith th e past sim p le form homework? No, we didn't.
we
o f th e ve rb in brackets.
they
1 He................................... (write) beautiful poems for
Wh- q u e stio n s
my sister.
2 We. ......................(find)an expensive phone 1
Where go?
in the park. you
S I (have) an amazing holiday last did h e /s h e /it
month. Who we see?
4 Sam (put) the book on his they
teacher's desk.
5 They (go) to the cafe in the morning. We make past simple yes/no questions with:
6 I ................................. (hear) a strange noise last night. Did + subject + infinitive + ?
7 Jan.............................. (leave) her house an hour ago. We make past simple wh- questions with:
8 Luca.................................(run) in a race last weekend. Question word + did + subject + infinitive + ?

2 W rite q u e stio n s in th e past sim ple.

8.3 Past simple: negative and 1 your friends / travel / to Sweden last year ?
questions Did your friends travel to Sweden last year?
2 Where / your sister / find / her phone ?
Past simple: negative form
N egative
3 s h e /lik e /th e ice cream ?
1
You
H e /S h e /It didn't (= did not) study German at school. 4 W h a t/T o m /p u t/o n the table?
We
They
5 How / you / get / here ?
We form the negative o f regular and irregular verbs with
didn't + infinitive without to.

1 Rew rite th e sen te n ces in th e negative. 6 you / rem em ber/your book ?

1 She liked the film.
She didn't like the film,
2 We saw a cat in the road. 7 he / read / my magazine ?

3 My cousins wrote a book about Spanish history. 8 w e /s e e /th is film /la s t year?

4 Ned played tennis with his friend, James.

3 M atch th e q u e stio n s fro m exercise 2 to th e answ ers.
T h ere are tw o answ ers th a t you d o not need.
5 I planted a tree in our garden. a It was in her bag! 0
b His phone. □
c No, you didn't. □
6 The children waited for their friends. d No, we didn't. □
e Oh no! 1forgot it! □
f They didn't. □
7 I bought a new pair o f jeans yesterday. g No, she didn't. □
h 1rode my bike. □
i Yes, they did. □
8 I he dog ate all the biscuits on the table. j Yes, he did. □

G ram m ar reference and practice 127

8B ■ Grammar and listening The human story

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Choose the correct answers to the questions

below. Then read the text and check your answers. Why was the needle
important? Did you learn anything surprising from the text?
1 Our earliest human ancestors were from Africa / Asia.
2 Humans were first in Europe 45,000 / 45 m illion years ago.
3 There were / weren't humans in the last Ice Age.
4 Humans could / couldn't find ways to keep warm in the Ice Age.

Out of Africa
Today, humans are the most powerful species on Earth, but that wasn't always true. About
70,000 years ago, the species H o m o s a p ie n s was in trouble. There wasn't much rain in
Africa and it became difficult to find food. A lot of people died and at one point there were
only 2,000 humans on the planet in small groups or Tribes' in different parts of Africa. After
130,000 years in Africa, we almost disappeared forever, Like the dinosaurs.
But H o m o s a p ie n s continued. The survivors were brilliant hunters, they had good language skills
and made useful tools. They were the toughest and most intelligent of the species.
About 65,000 years ago, one tribe left Africa. One woman in that tribe is the ancestor of 85% of
the people on the planet today. Slowly, humans grew in number and travelled to Arabia, then India
and Australia. Other humans went north and west. They came to Europe about 45,000 years ago.
Another change in climate tested humans again: the Ice Age. 20,000 years ago, ice covered the north
of Europe and Asia and it seemed impossible to live in the terrible cold. But someone had a great idea:
the needle. With a bone needle, we could make warm clothes from animal skins, and humans survived.
After this, we tried a lot of different ideas to make our lives more comfortable and later our
technology started to change the world. Can our species survive for another 200,000 years?

Past simple affirmative: regular verbs

2 Match the two halves of the rules for the past simple. Then study the highlighted verbs in the
text. Match each verb to a rule (a-d).
a listen -* listened After most verbs,
b love —»loved After verbs ending in -e,
c study-* studied After verbs ending in a consonant and -y,
d stop —* stopped After some verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant,
e The past simple form is the same in all persons.

1 we add -ed.........................................
2 we change-y to-Zed.
3 we double the consonant and add-ed
4 we add -d..........................................
Reference and practice 8.1 Workbook page 126

3 2.21 Complete the text with the past simple form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen
and check.

The human story

The first humans 1 (hunt) animals and 2 (look) for fruit, seeds and
nuts for their food. They 3 (travel) from place to place and 4....................... (carry)
their young children with them. Big families weren't possible. But about 10,000 years ago,
humans 5 (invent) farming, probably in the Middle East, and human life
6 (change) completely. The first farmer 7 (plant) some seeds
in the earth. 'You are wasting your food,' his tribe 8 (laugh). But the farmer
9 (wait). Soon he 10 (notice) little green plants in the earth and these
plants 11 (produce) a lot of food. The people in his tribe 12 (chat) to
other tribes, and they 13 (copy) the farmer's idea. Soon there were a lot of farmers,
and humans 14 (stop) travelling. They 15 (live) in small villages, and
could have more children because they weren't travelling all the time. The human population
16 (start) to grow.

92 Life story
 Past simple affirmative: irregular verbs
4 Some past simple forms are irregular. They don't follow any rules. You
have to learn them. Find the irregular past simple forms of these verbs in
the text in exercise 1.
1 become became 5 grow
2 have ........ 6 go
3 make 7 come
4 leave ................................... 8 think

Reference and practice 8.2 Workbook page 126

5 Complete the timeline with the irregular past simple form of these verbs.
become go have hear leave make see sing wear write

STRATEGY
Listening for gist and for detail
We can listen for gist - for the speaker's general meaning or message. We
can also listen carefully for specific details.
The first tim e you hear a recording, listen for gist. Try to understand the subject
or story o f the recording.
The second time you listen, listen for the details. The questions in the task will
help you focus on which details are important.

6 2.22 Read the strategy. Then listen to an interview to understand

the gist. What is the subject of the interview?
a a new species o f human b human tools c an early species o f human

7 2.22 Listen again and choose the correct words to complete the
sentences.
1 Neanderthals lived in Europe / Africa / America before homo sapiens.
2 They had bigger heads / legs / arms than us.
3 They survived better than us in hot / w et / cold climates.
4 They grew vegetables / used tools / couldn't speak.
5 They made cups / flutes / homes from animal bones.
6 They disappeared about 2,500 / 25,000 / 250,000 years ago.
7 Some people thinkthat modern humans helped / killed / joined tribes of
Neanderthals.
8 Some people think that Neanderthals disappeared because o f climate change /
disease / wars.

8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think of an important event or invention,

for example money, medicine, the internet or mobile phones. Why was
it important? Give a short presentation with your partner on how it
changed our lives. Use the categories below to help you. Use the example
below as a model.
accommodation 1communication ■ employment ■ technology ■ transport

People used the first vehicles with wheels 5.5oo years ago, maybe in Roland or
the Middle East. It was a very important event because people could travel longer
distances. Before this, people couldn't carry heavy things. Most types of transport
today have got wheels.
Vocabulary bank Past time expressions page 133

Life story 93
 1 Can you match these famous writers to their portraits? Write their names under the portraits.
Jane Austen Agatha Christie Roald Dahl Charles Dickens William Shakespeare MarkTwain

2 Match the writers to their works.

■ Charlie and the Chocolate factory m Hamlet mMurder on the Orient Express mOliver Twist
Pride and Prejudice m The Adventures o f Tom Sawyer

3 Read about Mary Shelley and Emily Dickinson. Which woman:

1 travelled a lot?..............................................................................................
2 cared for her mother?..................................................................................
3 had a more exciting life? Why?....................................................................

4 Read the text again and complete the sentences.

1 Mary's mother wanted better lives f o r .............................................
2 Mary couldn't get married to Percy when she was sixteen because he
3 Percy was twenty-nine when h e ..............................................
4 A lot of films tell the story o fth e novel
5 Emily grew up and went to school in a town in .........................................
6 Emily stayed at home a lot to help her..............................................
7 Her poems weren't very popular because her writing style was...............
8 After her death, her sister..............................................

5 Underline the irregular past simple forms of these verbs in the text.
do fall ■ find get run write

Mary Shelley (1797-1851) Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)

W hat do we k n o w a b o u t h e r fa m ily ? Where d id she g ro w up?
Both tier parents were famous political writers. Her mother In Massachusetts, in the USA.
campaigned for equal rights for women, but Mary didn't D id she go to school?
know her because she died when Mary was a baby. Mary Yes, she did. Her grandfather started a
grew up in London with her father. As a young girl, she boys' secondary school in her town and
learned a lot from conversations with her father's visitors, Emily was one of the first girls who
including important poets and politicians. When she was studied there. She enjoyed her years at
sixteen, she fell in love with the poet. Percy Bysshe Shelley school, but she didn't finish her studies.
and ran away with him to France. When her mother became ill, Emily left school
D id th e y g e t m a rrie d in F ra n ce? to be her nurse and she didn't leave the house very often.
No, they didn’t, because Percy had a wife in London. They D id she g e t m a rrie d ?
got married two years later after Percy's first wife died. No, she didn't. She hacl some male friends and she wrote
They lived together in Italy until Percy died in a sailing them a lot of letters. But in her later years, she didn't meet
accident at the age of twenty-nine. After people outside the family. She lived with her dog, her parents
this, Mary went back to England with her and her sister. Her brother’s family lived in a house on the
young son. other side of the garden. She loved reading and gardening.
W hat d id she w rite ? W hat d id she w rite ?
Short stories and novels. She wrote About 1,800 poems, but she didn't show many of them to
her most famous work, the novel other people. During her life, only eleven of her poems
F r a n k e n s t e i n , when she was appeared in print ancl people didn't like her unusual writing
only twenty. It was probably the style very much.
world’s first science fiction story.
When d id h e r w o rk become fa m o u s ?
I It also became a successful
After Emily died, her sister found hundreds of new poems.
play and there are now a lot of
She published them and slowly they became popular
different films of the story.
Today, people think that Emily Dickinson is one of the
r USAs greatest poets.

94 Life story
 Types of writing
6 Match the words to the definitions.
article fiction non-fiction ı novel play poem script short story

1 This is usually hundreds of pages long with a lot of chapters.................................................

2 A poet writes this. It can be long or short.................................................
3 Actors use this to learn their lines when they make a film .................................................
4 You see this at the theatre.................................................
5 Magazines and newspapers have a lot o f these.................................................
6 This is like a novel, but a novel is longer.................................................
7 This type of writing is about real life.................................................
8 I he writer imagines the people and the events in this type of writing...............................................

7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

1 What book are you reading? Do you like it? Why / why not?
2 Do you prefer reading fiction or non-fiction (biographies, history books, travel books)? Why?
3 Do you read articles on the internet, in magazines or in newspapers? What do you like reading about?

Past sim ple: n eg ative

8 Find and complete these sentences in the text about Emily Dickinson. Then choose the
correct words in the rules.
She her studies. People her unusual writing style.

a We make the negative past simple with don't / didn't + the infinitive o f the verb,
b The negative of the past simple changes/doesn't change in the 3rd person singular

Reference and practice 8.3 Workbook page 127

9 Do you know the story of Frankenstein ? What happens? Complete the text with the negative
past simple form of these verbs.
give like- meet sleep Talk understand want

For months, the scientist Victor Frankenstein worked on his monster He1 to his
friends about his work and h e 2....................... very much at night. During a storm, he used
electricity to bring the monster to life. But Victor3 the monster's scary appearance.
The monster was big, but he was like a baby. He 4....................... the world. He wanted to eat,
but peoples him any food. He wanted friends, but he 6 any friendly
people. H e7.......................to hurt people at first. But he became angry with his'father', Victor.

Past sim ple: questions and sh o rt answers

10 Underline past simple questions and short answers in the text on page 94. Complete the
rules with the correct words.
a We make past simple questions with (question word) + ............................. + subject + infinitive?
b We make affirmative short answers in the past simple with Yes, + subject + ..............................
c We make negative short answers in the past simple with No, + subject + ..............................

Reference and practice 8.3 Workbook page 127

11 2.23 Make past simple questions from these prompts and write your answers. Then
listen and check.

1 Steven Spielberg / make / Star Wars ? 3 the Brontd sisters / write / novels ?
Did Steven Spielberg make S tar Wars? 4 Horner / tell / stories / about the
No, he didn't. George Lucas made it. Trojan War / ?
2 Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson / 5 JK Rowling / write / T h e H o b b i t ?
live / in Paris ?

12 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Student A: choose a famous person from the past. Student B: ask and
answer questions about the person to guess who it is. Student A only gives yes or no answers.
DVD EXTRA The magic of Roald Dahl
Life story 95
 { ry.}*iiфj
g& *\*
><!

Grammar Тýте story

r L- ýýа@ф Tgn"n &'l.%ý.-.:]]:@ l.}1 в

!l эrrt tmi]!@1ry:']':ilrr:i.ari]:li:l.i1l:
l lmagine that today's date is Wednesday 21st
5 correct the mistakes in bold iп the sentences.
January 2014. Match times and dates 1-6 to time
expressions a-f.
'l l haved а bad cold. ... .. hауg ... .

2 The train leaft at 3.З0.

l 2'ln NоvеmЬеr 20]З . _g_
3 They goed to drаmа club with me,
2 July 2004 .
4 Dad weared а uniform to work.
З 1Т' / 18th Jапuаrу 20'14 ..
5 l singed iп а band.
4 6.15 p,m., Tuesday 20th January 2О14 .,. 6 N/y grandparents comed to stay,
5 Jапuаrу201З,,,,.,..,,
6 Monday 19th January 2О14 .
6 put the verbs in brackets in 1-5 into the past
simple.
а а decade а9о Then match 1-5 to sentence endings а-е.
ь last weekend 'l We ,, (see)
с last уеаr 2 N/y mum , ,.. (write)
,,

d the day Ьеfоrе yesterday З lп the noughties, mапу people ,,... (think)
е но-mеп+hrаgе 4 DVDs ,, ,.., (Ь.^соmе)
f yesterday evening 5 When mу mum was litt|e, my grапdmоthеr
(make)
I Replace the words in bold with past time
expressions. Use the words in brackets to hеlр you. а clothes for her.
Ь hеr first email in ]995.
I Frоm 'lBl0 to ]ВЗ0, life was hard fоr the wоrkеrs. (еаrlу)
с а new play at the theatre last weekend.
lц _thg,.рз,ttý ls_q,ep . . .
d popular in the late ]99Os.
2 Frоm'1900 to 2000, there was а lot of political
е that mobile phones with cameras were vеrу
change, (20th)
expensive.

3 i was very unhappy before. (past) 7 Complete the text with the past simple affirmative
form ofthe correct verbs in brackets.
4 ' '_ Tum
was at school between'l980 and 1989. (BOs)

l.l,,rреlhаýýlthе]]йПý!,iйрбitа,пt]lёriФljdlhrЙЙ: hift rу,iл .|eýeRt

5 Frоm '1995 to'l999 mobile telephones Wеrе Vегу ,il, rеаis]lýФеliпфпtiбпdthёfi t,ёiп:*,,]й,$i йiаi.тý6Oi!а:йё,
:_:эu]аr. (late) li,.'''''л.iii,OР]l.йii},iiЁРЪоПi,'Liйii,,iо,,lr..l.
.,.С,ОrйРU&iýr.|',,.....;i.
communicate. Computer enqineers 2 (want /
6 ,
as а big fan of саrtоопs between the ages of three talk) better communication and so they З.,.
and sevenl (little) (start / study) to study пеW Ways of linking computers. ln
1969, ARPANET, ап early version of the internet,

American un iversities.
ln 1971, Ray Tomlinson 5,
(write l head а
complete the groups with the past simple form of
computer programme for sending emails
the verbs below.
At the end of the ']970s, computers 6.. , (close /
:.".\|
,

chat,.: decide::: play::l: lеtiге.::: Stop trу:1 Walk arrive) in the shops and Ьу the early 1980s, computerS
7
:i..i

] ','эSt rеguiаr vеrЬs,,,,.,, (Ьесоmе / арреаr) iп some schools for

2 ,
=,bs endinq iп -е., ,,
students to use. They wcre still very expensive and most
З ,
=,os ending in ConSonant -у
weren't linked.
4 =,эs епdlпэ п а short vowel and а consonant А big change (use / соmе) in 1989 when
,Tim Berners_Lee
9,,,,,.,.
,.
(think / find) of the World
,,
wide web - а system that every computer could use to
Complete the sentences with the past simple communicate.
affirmative form of the verbs below. In the ']990s, sending emails and surfing the net
_] ]-:е disaрреаr:::: reply.]:l survive,:.:1l +аvеl
'l ,S: )/еаr mу fгiепds and l ,,.,, fyay*}led ,,,, аrоuпd
-,эре Ьу train. ý CHALLENGE! Ask someone from an older
2 . can't find оur cat. lt,,..,
,,,,., yesterday.
generation when they first used computers and
з _ -- nie
"
to my email оп Nzlonday what they thought of them. Fоr exampIe, find out if
4 --:i-e was а tеrriЬlе fire, but еVеrуопе iп
the building computers Were:
, эs lucky
- they alI ж Easy to use? ý* Exciting?
5 --: раrtу was grеаt. We., ,, ,. all nightl ж Cheap to buy? ;ж Something you used every day?
Write а short paragraph.

Life story 69 Пl
 VосаЬчlаrу and grammar Great wrýtеrs
lriiiw
I
|{
I
&:ý lvoes ot Wrltlno аrrivе / did / Kelly / when / ?

I
l
"l Complete the sentences with the words below. buy / where / that coat / dtd / уач / ?

ll, article ,,,

fiction non-fiction ,Rеvе1,,,,, рlау ,, роеm
,,Script ,] Short Story
1 l always take а rеаllу lопg -л",лt
llчч?l with me
5 choose the correct short answers.

оп holiday lэecause 1 love readIng storles. 1 Diо_Sпаlрýреаrе

яъ' w,ite poems?
2 l рrеfеr stories to facts so l like reading фs, he diфz Kin9 Lear. гlе wrote poems а, с :

3 N/y favourite poet is Sylvia Plath. She wrote а vеrу

Z WTfrffious characters did Agatha Christie с"-.-
ca||ed Doddy
Yes, she did. / Hercule Poirot and Miss Маrрlе
famous but sad ,
Did you and your friепds enjoy the рlау last г ;
4 The film director WaS апgrу because the actors fоrgоt
No, we didn't. / Yes, we did. lt was а great pla.,
the words in the ,,

because want to Did you see Frапz Kafka's house in Prague?

l love reading ,,,, , I
No, l didn't. /Yes. l did. l didn't have time,
lеаrп about rеаl things
we saw а fantastic ,,. Iast night. lt was where did the Вrопtё slsters ]ive ?
Shakepeare's Rаmео апd Juliet at the thеаtrе
They lived in Yorkshire. / No, they didn't.
7 lreadagreat last weekend. lt didn't 6 What novels did you study last tеrm?
Yes, we did. / We read Wuthering Heights.
take iong to read because it was опlу five pa9es long
There was а really interesting а bout
, fe i" The'l800s ir ny hislory ma9azine
б Choose the correct words to complete the
conversation about Marie colvin.
2 Write examples for each type of writing. James Mum, look at this newspaper'€BU
1 short story Тhо }lqцп,d gý lhg B_a_Býgr_v_illr:p Ь{. Аr.thqс script about IVаriе Colvin, the
*оrза;з }*:;.1* American war ;ournalist. l 2knowed /
2 article ,
didn't know anything about hеr
З tiction.,, ,
before l зrеаd / listened this. she was
4 non-fiction ,, amazing.
5 поvеl .,.. ,. , ,, мum she was. l think she was опе of the best
6 play journalists in the world. She died а few уеагs =: _
7 роеm,, James That's right, She died iп2012.аYоu did / Did ус-
8 script ,, , ,
know about hеr when she was alive?
Мum Yes,5l did / she did. l often read her news
reports апd she wrоtе articles iпTheSunday
бnot write
Imes. Нег articles were 9reat. She
3 Rewrite the past simple affirmative sentences to
didn't write а lot оf details about the politics _-
make them negative.
the fighting. She wrote about the terrible thl. ::
'l ljoqqed around the park this morning.
that happened to оrdiпаrу people in wаr.
l cl!d*"t jqg a.qqtlв<l ihe ,рзi:Е this ýФtrýitls,
James This article says that iп ]999 she helped save
2 you studied а lot last weekend.
some people's lives in EastTimor.
Mum What 7do she / did she do?
3 ]ennie visited Edinburgh last summer.
James
-],500
wоmеп апd сhildrеп were iп danger,

;;;; b"J,
".
iu,"'.Ouy
soldiers wanted to killthem.There wеrе some
journalists there, too. Most of the journalists
';; didn't 8wanted / want to stay, so they left.
The children wrоtе these poems.
Маriе 9doesn't / didn't leave. She stayed and
reported the story. lп the епd, the soldiers
10not
kill / didn't kill апуопе, because the wоril:
kпеw about the problem, thank5 to lVlarie.
Mum lt was awful when she lost hеr еуе. When

4 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.

11it
/ did it hарреп?
'l did / what / you / last summer / see / iп lvladrid / ?
James ln 200]. She was in Sri Lanka, А ЬоmЬ explodeci
пеаr hеr and раrt of it hit hеr in the face.
цthа! did.tsц sr9.in...l$adrjd lapt ацrпmgr?........ . ... . .
Mum lt l2didn't stop / stopped hеr wоrkiпg! She's
.

2 wear / grandma / in the l960s / did / mini-skirts / ?

someone I rеаllу admire.
to school / yotl / did / сусlе / yesterday / ?
l James Nile too.

you / who / vtstt / in the holidays / ? 7 CHALLENGE! Write а short раrаgrарh about Mar]e
colvin. use the information in exercise 6. Research
her Iife on the internet to find очt more about her.

Hlr ro Lifestory
l"
Exercises
Where were these people at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon?

1 J o e was.in.bed.................................................................. 4
2 Jack and K a te ......................................................................... 5...............................
3 Su e ............................................................................................... 6 And you? I.

Write am/is/are (present) or was/were (past).

1 Last year sh e w as 22, so sh e is 23 now.
2 Today the w eather....................... nice, but yesterday i t .......................... very cold.
3 I .......................hungry. Can I have something to eat?
4 I feel fine this morning, but I .......................very tired last night.
5 W h e re ....................... you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning?
6 Don't buy those shoes. T h e y ....................... very expensive.
7 I like your new jacket............................it expensive?
8 This time last year I ....................... in Paris.
9 'W here Sam and Joe?' 'I don't know. T h e y here a few minutes ago.'

gjg| Write was/were or wasn't/weren't.

1 We weren't happy with the hotel. O ur ro o m w as very small and i t w asn’t clean.
2 M a rk at work last week because h e .......................... ill. He's better now.
3 Yesterday.........................a public holiday, so the b anks..........................closed. They're open today.
4 '.........................Kate and Ben at the party?' 'K ate there, but B e n .......................... .'
5 Where are my keys? T h e y on the table, but they're not there now.
6 You at home last night..W h e re .........................you?

Write questions from these words + was/were. Put the words in the right order.

\ \ ___________________________________ /7
(late / you / this morning / why?)
Why ware.you.jate. t h is mprni.ng?.. ► The traffic was bad.

(difficult / your exam?)

► No, it was easy.

(last week / where / Sue and Chris?)

► They were on holiday.

(your new camera / how much?)

► A hundred pounds.

(angry / you / yesterday / why?)

(nice / the weather / last week?)

31
Exercises
Complete the sentences. Use a verb from the box.

clean die enjoy finish happen open rain start stay want

1 I clean ed my teeth three times yesterday.

2 It was hot in the room, so I .......................................the window.
3 The film was very long. I t .......................................at 7.15 a n d ..........................................at 10 o'clock.
4 When I was a child, I ........................................ to be a doctor.
5 The accident........................................ last Sunday afternoon.
6 The weather is nice today, but yesterday i t .......................................all day.
7 W e ........................................ our holiday last year. W e ........................................ at a very nice place.
8 Anna's grandfather........................................ when he was 90 years old.

Write the past simple of these verbs.

1 gee .... . .......
g 4 pay ................. ................ 7 go ..................... .............. 10 know ....
2 see .......................... ....... 5 visit ................. ................ 8 think .............................. 11 put .......
3 play ......................... ....... 6 buy ................. ............... 9 copy ................ .............. 12 speak ...

Read about Lisa's journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form.
CHECK-IN \

Y Ma d r id a ir p o r t

Last Tuesday Lisa (1) fe w from London to Madrid. She (2) up fty get
at 6 o'clock in the morning and (3) ................................ a cup of coffee. A t 6.30 she have
(4) ...............................home and (5) .................................to the airport. W hen she leave, drive
(6)...............................there, she (7) .................................the car, (8) to the airport get, park, walk
building, and (9) .................................in. Then she (10) breakfast at a cafe check, have
and (11) ................................ for her flight. The plane (12) ..................................on time and wait, depart
(13) ...............................in Madrid two hours later. Finally she (14) a taxi arrive, take
from the airport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid.

W rite sentences about the past (yesterday / last w eek etc.).

1 James always goes to work by car. Yesterday he w an t.to work by c a r ................................................................
2 Rachel often loses her keys. S h e ...............................................................................................................................last week.
3 Kate meets her friends every evening. S h e ......................................................................................yesterday evening.
4 I buy a newspaper every day. Yesterday I ...................................................................................................................................
5 We often go to the cinema at weekends. Last Sunday w e .............................................................................................
6 I eat an orange every day. Yesterday I ..........................................................................................................................................
7 Tom always has a shower in the morning. This morning h e .........................................................................................
8 O ur friends often come to see us. T h e y .............................................................................................................last Friday.

Write sentences about what you did yesterday.

1 1went to the theatre,.....................................
2 ................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................

Additional exercise 10 (page 256)

-xeroses
m Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.
1 I saw Barbara, but I didn’t se e jane.
2 They worked on Monday, but th e y ........................................................................on Tuesday.
3 We went to the post office, but w e ........................................................................to the bank.
4 She had a pen, but sh e ........................................................................any paper.
5 Jack did French at school, but h e ........................................................................German.

o Write questions with Did ... ?

I watched T V last night. How about you? Did you w a tch ..TV. la s t night...
I enjoyed the party. How about you? ........................................................................
I had a good holiday. How about you? ........................................................................
I finished work early. How about you? ........................................................................
I slept well last night. How about you? ........................................................................

CD What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences.

1 (watch T V ) !.w atched .TV.... or !. didn’t watch TV..........
2 (get up before 7 o'clock) I ............................................................................................................
3 (have a shower) ...............................................................................................................
4 (buy a magazine) ...............................................................................................................
5 (eat meat) ..............................................................................................................
6 (go to bed before 10.30) ...............................................................................................................

t Z l Write B's questions. Use:

arrive cost go go to bed late happen have a nice time sta y win

1 a: We went to New York last month. 5 a: We came home by taxi.

b: W h e re....did.you s t a y .........................................? b: How m u ch .................................................................?
a: With some friends. a: Ten pounds.

2 a: 1was late for the meeting. 6 a: I'm tired this morning.

B: W hat tim e .................................................................. ? b: ...................................................................................?
a: Half past nine. a: N o, but 1didn't sleep very well.

3 a: 1played tennis this afternoon. 7 a: We went to the beach yesterday.

B: .................................................................................. ? b: ...................................................................................?
a: No, 1lost. a: Yes, it was great.

^ a: 1had a nice holiday. 8 a: The window is broken.

B. Good. W h e re ...........................................................? b: H o w ................................................................................?
a: To the mountains. a: 1don't know.

"ut the verb in the correct form - positive, negative or question.

We went to the cinema, but the film wasn't very good. W e didn’t enjoy it. (enjoy)
1 T o m ................................................. some new clothes yesterday - two shirts, a jacket and a pullover, (buy)
............ yesterday?' 'No, it was a nice day.' (rain)
- .Ve were tired, so w e ................................................................ long at the party, (stay)
: : was very warm in the room, so I ................................................................a window, (open)
r Did you phone Chris this morning?' 'No, I ................................................................time.' (have)
I cut my hand this morning.' 'H o w ................................................................. that?' (do)
• .Vhy weren't you at the meeting yesterday?' ' I ................................................................about it.' (know)

I exercises 10-13 (page 256) 35