Chapter 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 26
1.7. Problems
1. Derive the SI unit of force from base units.
2. Explain dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity. Give their
dimensions.
3. Explain the phenomenon of capillarity. Obtain an expression for
capillary rise of a fluid.
4. Express the viscosity and the kinematics' viscosity in SI units.
5. For low-speed (laminar) steady flow through a circular pipe, the
velocity u varies with radius and takes the form
u=B
p
r
0
2
− r2
where μ is the fluid viscosity and Δp is the pressure drop from entrance
to exit. What are the dimensions of the constant B?
6. The density of water at 4°C and 1 atm is 1000 kg/m3. Obtain the
specific volume.
7. The specific weight of a certain liquid is 10 KN/m3. Determine its
density and specific gravity.
8. A liquid when poured into a graduated cylinder is found to weigh 8 N
when occupying a volume of 500 ml (milliliters). Determine its
specific weight, density, and specific gravity.
9. Obtain the pressure in SI (Pa) necessary for shrinking the volume of
water by 1% at normal temperature and pressure. Assume the
compressibility of water β= 4.85×10-9 Pa-1.
10. A block of weight W slides down an inclined plane while lubricated
by a thin film of oil, as in Figure (1.P10). The film contact area is A
and its thickness is h. Assuming a linear velocity distribution in the
film, derive an expression for the “terminal” (zero-acceleration)
velocity V of the block.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 27
11. Derive an expression for the capillary height change h for a fluid of
surface tension σ and contact angle θ between two vertical parallel
plates a distance W apart, as in Figure (P1.11). What will h be for
water at 20°C if W = 0.5 mm?
Fig. 1.P10. Fig. 1.P11.
12. Find surface tension of a soap bubble of 48 mm diameter while
pressure inside is 3.12 Pa higher than atmospheric one.
13. A Newtonian fluid having a specific gravity of 0.92 and a kinematics
viscosity of 4×10-4 m2/s flows past a fixed surface. Due to the no-slip
condition, the velocity at the fixed surface is zero (as shown), and the
velocity profile near the surface is shown in Figure (1.P13). Determine
the magnitude and direction of the shearing stress developed on the
plate. Express your answer in terms of U and δ, with U and δ
expressed in units of meters per second and meters, respectively.
Fig. 1.P13.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 28
14. As shown in Figure (1.P14), a cylinder of diameter 122mm and length
200mm is placed inside a concentric long pipe of diameter 125 mm.
An oil film is introduced in the gap between the pipe and the cylinder.
What force is necessary to move the cylinder at a velocity of l m/s?
Assume that the kinematic viscosity of oil is 30 cSt and the specific
gravity is 0.9.
Fig. 1.P14
