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Debanki Mitra - 4A - MIC401B

The document outlines key concepts in Database Management with SQL, including Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML) with examples. It describes the three levels of database architecture: Internal, Conceptual, and External, and explains normalization from 1NF to 3NF to reduce redundancy. Additionally, it provides SQL query examples for selecting students based on specific criteria from a STUDENTS table.

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Saikat Dey
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15 views8 pages

Debanki Mitra - 4A - MIC401B

The document outlines key concepts in Database Management with SQL, including Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML) with examples. It describes the three levels of database architecture: Internal, Conceptual, and External, and explains normalization from 1NF to 3NF to reduce redundancy. Additionally, it provides SQL query examples for selecting students based on specific criteria from a STUDENTS table.

Uploaded by

Saikat Dey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name : Debanki Mitra

SEMESTER : 4TH
section : 4a
course : BBA
Paper Name : DATABASE MANAGEMENT
WITH SQL
Paper Code : MIC401B
• DDL (Data Definition
Language) is used to define and
modify database structures.

Data Examples: CREATE, ALTER, DROP.

Definition &
Manipulation • DML (Data Manipulation
Language Language) is used to manipulate
data within tables.

Examples: INSERT, UPDATE,


DELETE, SELECT.
Three Levels of
Database
Architecture
• Internal Level:
Physical storage of
data.

• Conceptual Level:
Logical structure of
the entire database.

• External Level: User


views and access
rights.
Normalization (1NF to 3NF)
• 2NF: Removes partial
• 1NF: Eliminates dependencies (every
duplicate columns and non-key column must
ensures atomicity. depend on the whole
primary key).

• 3NF: Eliminates
transitive dependencies
(non-key columns
should not depend on
other non-key columns).

NOTE : Normalization reduces redundancy and anomalies.


SQL Queries

Consider the following table STUDENTS


:
• Selecting all students from Mumbai
• To select all the students who live in Mumbai, you need
to filter the City column to only include rows where the
value is 'Mumbai'. This is done using the WHERE clause in
SQL.

• SQL Query:
SELECT * FROM STUDENTS WHERE City = 'Mumbai';

• Explanation:
• SELECT *: This selects all columns from the STUDENTS
table.
• FROM STUDENTS: This specifies that we are querying the
STUDENTS table.
• WHERE City = 'Mumbai': This filters the rows to only
include students whose City column value is 'Mumbai'.
• The result of this query will be:

ii) Displaying only student names and courses


In this case, you are only interested in the Name and
Course columns from the STUDENTS table. To do this,
you need to specify just those two columns in the SELECT
statement.
SQL Query:
SELECT Name, Course FROM STUDENTS;
Explanation:
•SELECT Name, Course: This specifies that you only want to
retrieve the Name and Course columns from the table.
•FROM STUDENTS: This specifies the STUDENTS table as the
source.

The result of this query will be:

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