Geography Project

Class IX
Topic: Pollution

INTRODUCTION

Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the

environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants.
Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also
be created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced
by factories.
The change in the environment caused by natural or artificial
input of harmful contaminants into the environment, and may
cause instability, disruption or harmful effects to the
ecosystem.
Thus, Pollution is essentially the introduction of toxins into the
natural setting that causes negative changes. Pollution can
take the form of biochemical substances or energy, such as
noise, heat or light. Contaminants, the constituents of pollution,
can be one or the other, foreign substances/energies or
naturally found pollutants.

CONTENT
1.Content Types of Pollution , Sources of Pollution , Effects of
Pollution on the environment and human health and Preventive
measures (0nly for air and water )

Types of pollution
What is Pollution?

Types of Pollution
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Soil Pollution
 Noise Pollution

Sources of pollution
1. Man-made sources
2. Natural sources
1. Man-made sources
These are mostly linked to the combustion of several kinds of fuel.

Immobile sources entail clouds of smoke from power plants, industrial facilities
(manufacturing works) and waste furnaces, as well as incinerators and other
sorts of fuel-burning heating devices. In poor and developing countries, archaic
biomass burning is the chief cause of air pollution; traditional biomass
embraces wood, crop leftovers and excrement.

Movable sources comprise automobiles, aquatic vessels, and planes.

2. Natural sources
Methane, discharged by the breakdown of food (digestion) by
animals, for example, cattle
Smoke and CO from jungle fires.
Volcanic activity, which emits sulphur, chlorine, and ash
particulates
Causes of Major Effects of Air Pollution
Air pollution has a very negative effect on humans and the
ecosystem. The constituents can be dense particles, fluid, or
gasses. A contaminant can be of natural or artificial. Contaminants
are categorized as primary or secondary.

What are the effects of pollution on the environment

and living things?

Pollution harms the environment by making it less suitable for living

things. Sometimes a pollutant is toxic or dangerous and can directly
cause living things to die. However, lower amounts of a pollutant or
different types of pollutants may make a living thing sick, cause injury, or
reduce its ability to find good habitat or food.
Pollutants can be especially dangerous when they accumulate, or build
up, in an ecosystem and reach high, toxic concentrations. Plants and
animals can absorb or ingest toxins from pollution, which can be
damaging to their own health. As organisms eat each other, toxins from
the pollution can then be passed from organism to organism up the food
chain, increasing in concentration each time until they are at such high
levels that they can cause death or serious health problems to the
organism. Air pollution can be very dangerous to the animals and
humans who breathe it in. It can cause short-term issues such as
sneezing or coughing as well as long-term problems such as disease and
even death.

Preventive measures (0nly for air and water )

1. Air pollution

Switching off the lights when they’re not in use – the majority of our
electricity is produced from the combustion of fossil fuels, which are a huge
contributor towards air pollution. Therefore, conserving electricity is an effective
way of preventing air pollution.
Reusing and recycling products – By reusing products (that can be reused), the
amount of energy that goes into manufacturing another one of those products is
conserved. Furthermore, recycling of products is also more energy-efficient than the
manufacture of new ones.
Usage of public transport and carpooling – by reducing the amount of fuel
combusted for an individual’s transportation needs, he/she can lower the amount of
pollutants being released into the atmosphere and cause less air pollution.
Furthermore, these options are also economically efficient and can help save money
as well.

2. Water pollution

1.Install a water efficient toilet. In the meantime, put a brick or 1/2 gal
container in the standard toilet tank to reduce water use per flush.
2.Run the dishwasher or clothes washer only when you have a full load. This
conserves electricity and water.
3.Use the minimum amount of detergent and/or bleach when you are washing
clothes or dishes. Use only phosphate free soaps and detergents.
4.Avoid using a garbage disposal. Keep solid wastes solid. Make a compost pile
from vegetable scraps.
2.Case Study (Write a report about pollution in your
neighbourhood and measures to prevent. It can be water , land or
air pollution any one )

Koramangala neighbourhood, located in [Bengaluru], has been facing significant pollution

challenges, primarily in the form of water pollution. This report aims to analyze the causes
and impacts of pollution in the neighborhood and propose effective measures to prevent and
mitigate its adverse effects.
Pollution of Water Bodies:A study conducted by the Environmental
Management & Policy Research Institute (EMPRI) states that about 85%
of Bengaluru's water bodies are polluted by industrial effluents,
sewage, and solid waste dumping.
Case Study: Water Pollution in Koramangala, Bengaluru
Introduction:
Koramangala, a vibrant neighborhood in Bengaluru, has been grappling
with severe water pollution issues, adversely affecting its residents and
the local environment. This case study provides a detailed analysis of the
water pollution situation in Koramangala, focusing on its causes, impacts,
and potential solutions.

Background:
Koramangala, once known for its lush greenery and serene lakes, has
witnessed rapid urbanization and industrial growth in recent years.
However, alongside this development, the neighborhood has also
experienced a surge in water pollution, primarily attributed to industrial
discharge, sewage mismanagement, and unchecked urban expansion.
Causes of Water Pollution:
1. Industrial Discharge: Several industries located in and around
Koramangala release untreated or partially treated effluents containing
harmful chemicals and heavy metals into nearby water bodies,
contaminating them.
2. Sewage Mismanagement: Inadequate sewage infrastructure and illegal
sewage connections result in the direct discharge of untreated sewage
into stormwater drains and lakes, leading to bacterial contamination and
foul odors.
Impacts of Water Pollution:
1. Public Health Risks: Contaminated water sources pose significant
health risks to residents, with cases of waterborne diseases such as
diarrhea, cholera, and skin infections being reported frequently.
2. Environmental Degradation: Water pollution has led to the degradation
of aquatic ecosystems, including the loss of biodiversity, decline in fish
populations, and proliferation of harmful algal blooms, disrupting the
ecological balance of local water bodies.

Case Study Analysis:

In a recent study conducted by [Local Environmental Organization],
water samples collected from various locations in Koramangala revealed
high levels of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic compounds,
and fecal coliform bacteria, surpassing permissible limits set by
environmental standards.

Conclusion
The case study highlights the critical nature of water pollution in
Koramangala, emphasizing the urgent need for coordinated action to
address its root causes and mitigate its adverse impacts. By
implementing comprehensive strategies for sewage treatment, waste
management, and pollution control, stakeholders can work towards
restoring the health and integrity of water resources in Koramangala,
ensuring a sustainable future for all.
In a nutshell, every kind of pollution leaves a huge negative impact on

our environment, human lives, animals etc. We, as responsible citizens,

must take steps towards a better tomorrow.

Bibliography

1.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11769/
2.https://www.vedantu.com/english/pollution
3.https://www.toppr.com/guides/pollution/
4.https://www.nationalgeographic.org
5.https://byjus.com/geography/types-of-pollution/
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher
(Name of the teacher) as well as our principal (Name of the principal)who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
(Write the topic name), which also helped me in doing a lot of Research
and i came to know about so many.
I would also thank my parents who helped me in providing the necessary
materials required to do this project.