The Normal

distribution
Page 55 on book
 BUT FIRST!!!

Which part of the lesson

do you find the hardest?
Objectives:
Recognize the properties of
the normal curve
Compute probabilities using
the standard normal table
Identify regions under the
normal curve corresponding
to different values
Solve real life problems
involving the normal curve
 The Normal Distribution
is a probability density
function for a continuous
random variable.

It is also known as the

Gaussian distribution in
honor of the German
Johann Carl Mathematician who
Friedrich Gauss derived its equation
 Part I
Properties of the
Normal curve
Property 1: The Curve is shaped like a Bell
 Property 2: The Mean, Median and mode are
in the center of the graph, Implying their Equality
Property 3: The graph is symmetrical about the line x=µ.
The mean indicates the line of demarcation in which the
region occupied by the curve is divided into halves.
Property 4: The total area under the curve and above the
horizontal axis is equal to 1.
Property 5: The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis. The
curve gets nearer to the x-axis but never touches it.
Property 7: The standard deviation affects both the
width and the height of the curve.
High but narrow: Leptokurtic (Long)
Mid: MesoKurtic (Middle)
Low but wide: Platykurtic (Pandak)
REMEMBER THE ACRONYM!

LMP!!!
 Three Types of Kurtosis

Leptokurtic is a distribution where values are

clustered heavily or pile up in the center.

Mesokurtic is an intermediate distribution which

are neither too peaked nor too flat.

Platykurtic is a flat distribution with values

more evenly distributed about the center with
broad humps and shot tails.
 Property 8: the graph of a normal distribution is a bell-shaped
curve with two inflection points, one on the left and another on
the right. Inflection points are the points that mark the change in
the curve’s concavity.
Property 9: The standard deviation precisely describes the spread of the normal curve.
Approximately 68.3% of the values in the distribution are within one standard deviation
away from the mean (from each side), 95.4% is within two standard deviations from the
mean, and 99.7% is within three standard deviations from the mean.

PAGE 57 IN THE
BOOK
Which one is a graph of the
normal distribution?
 Part II
Standard Normal
Distribution
Standard Normal
distribution
Is a special normal distribution
whose mean is equal to 0 and the
standard deviation is 1.
 The 𝒛 − 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍e
The values given in the table represents the area
under the standard normal curve from 0 (the
mean).

The table used to summarize the approximate

areas under the standard normal curve, given in
four decimal places.

In symbols, this is written as: 𝝓 𝒛 = 𝑷 𝟎 ≤ 𝒁 ≤ 𝒛 .

In your book, the given are AREA to the LEFT of your
z-score, meaning:
basic case: 0 to z
Example 1: Find the area under the standard
normal curve between 0 to 1.85.
 𝑷 0 ≤ 𝒁 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓
= 𝝓 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓 - 0.5
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟕𝟖 − 𝟎. 𝟓

46.78%
Find the area under the normal distribution between -2.33
and 0. Draw the region corresponding to the given
standard normal score
P(2.33 ≤ Z ≤ 0) = 0.5 -
𝝓(-2.33)
= 0.5 - 0.0099
= 0.4901
= 49.01%
 To find the area between two z-scores z1 and z2 , first
determine which z-score is to the left of the other.
Suppose z1 < z2 (z1 to the left of z2 ). Subtract z1 < z2 (z1
to the left of z2 ). Subtract the area to the left of z1
from the area to the left of z2 .
 Part III
Standardizing any
normal distribution
Given a normal random variable
X with mean 𝝁 and standard
deviation 𝝈, each value x of the
variable can be transformed into
zscores using the formula:
Example 2.11:
Given a normal distribution with mean 8
and std deviation of 2, find the area:

1. To the left of x = 9

0.6915 or 69.15%
Example 2.11:
Given a normal distribution with mean 8
and std deviation of 2, find the area:
2. To the right of x = 10.5

p = 0.8944
1 - 0.8944
= 0.1056 or 10.56%
Example 2.12:
In a high school, the heights of the students are
normally distributed with an average of 160cm
and a std deviation of 10cm

Find the probability that

a. A randomly selected student will be shorter
than 158cm
b. A randomly selected student will be taller than
164cm
c. If there are 400 students how many are taller
than 164cm?
 a. Shorter than 158cm
Mean: 160cm
std deviation: 10cm

z = -0.2
P = 0.4207
42.07%
 B. Taller than 164cm
Mean: 160cm
std deviation: 10cm

z = 0.4
P = 0.6554
65.54%???
NO
1 - 0.6554
= 0.3446 or 34.46%
 C. How many students are taller than
164cm if there are 400 students

164cm above =
34.46% of
students

400 x 0.3446
137.84 students
approx. 138
students
Entry to a certain University is determined
by a national test. The scores on this test
are normally distributed with a mean of
500 and a standard deviation of 100. Matt
wants to be admitted to this university and
he knows that he must score better than
at least 70% of the students who took the
test. Matt takes the test and scores 585.
Will he be admitted to the university?
 Question:
Did matt pass the
test?
 Yes he did!
He scored higher than
80% when he only
needed at least 70%
Problem Solving:
The ABM students of HAU
took a test in Fundamentals of
Accounting and the final grades have a
mean of 70 and a standard deviation
of 10. If we can approximate the
distribution of these grades by a normal
distribution, what percent of the
students
a) scored higher than 80?
B) should pass the test (grades ≥ 60)?
A. B.
 Just a heads up

DO NOT LET THE INTEGERS

CONFUSE YOU!!!