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Sampling Distribution of The Sample Mean and Central Limit Theorem

The document discusses various sampling methods, including simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling, along with non-probability sampling techniques like convenience, purposive, snowball, and quota sampling. It explains the concepts of sample mean, standard error, and the relationship between population parameters and sample statistics. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the Central Limit Theorem in understanding the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

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Gonzales, Percida Louise M.
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29 views24 pages

Sampling Distribution of The Sample Mean and Central Limit Theorem

The document discusses various sampling methods, including simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling, along with non-probability sampling techniques like convenience, purposive, snowball, and quota sampling. It explains the concepts of sample mean, standard error, and the relationship between population parameters and sample statistics. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the Central Limit Theorem in understanding the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

Uploaded by

Gonzales, Percida Louise M.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION

OF THE SAMPLE MEAN


AND CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM
probability sampling
simple Random Sampling
In this sampling method, we us a sampling frame.
sampling frame - list of individuals in the population that
must first be defined.

page 83
EXAMPLE
Random Sampling
Imagine a researcher studying the heights of students in a
school. To use random sampling, the researcher could assign
each student in the school a number and then use a random
number generator to select a certain number of students. This
ensures that every student has an equal chance of being included
in the study.
-Spin the wheel
-Spin the bottle
Systematic Sampling
-To achieve the n, the sampling frame will be divided into nth
groups. Researchers will choose what nth group will they use as
the sample.

page 83
EXAMPLE
Systematic Sampling
-Consider a population of 1000 individuals, and a researcher
wants a sample of 100. Using systematic sampling, the
researcher could select every 10th individual from a list after
randomly choosing a starting point. If the random starting point
is the 5th individual, the sample would include the 5th, 15th, 25th,
and so on until reaching the 100th individual.
-Groupings counting to 5
Stratified Sampling
-Population is grouped into strata with common characteristics. (e.g.,
gender, age, grade level, etc.)
-Strata and stratum means a group of people who have similarities.

page 83
EXAMPLE
Stratified Sampling
Suppose a company wants to assess job satisfaction among its
employees. Instead of randomly selecting employees, the
company could first divide employees into strata based on
departments (e.g., marketing, finance, operations). The company
would then randomly sample employees from each department
to ensure representation from all areas.
CLUSTER SAMPLING
-Takes a certain group regardless of their characteristics.
-Naturally Occurring

page 83
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
CONVINIENCE SAMPLING
known as “grab an opportunity sampling”
sampling on those who are close to you.

Example
-Those who interviews you on the streets
PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
Haphazard Sampling
Is done with a purpose in mind.
Judgemental but with a purpose.

Example
-Survey those who have withdrawn from a subject or changed
their enrolment part way through a year.
Snowball sampling
“Chain referral sampling”
A sampling technique where people will refer the research to
other people or vice versa.
Quota sampling
This is like stratified sampling but you have a limit to follow.
THE MEAN AND THE
STANDARD ERROR OF THE
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF
THE SAMPLE MEAN
CONCEPT
Measures computed using sampling data are called
statistics.
Measures computed using population data are called
parameters.
Sample mean is noted as x.
Probability distributions of statistics are called sampling
distribution.
Sampling with replacement is a sample selection process
wherein a sample may be selected more than once.
page 84
Considering a population consisting of
observations 3, 6, 9, and 12. note that the mean
and the standard deviation for this population
are 7.5 and 3.3541, respectively. Suppose
random samples of size 2 with replacement are
taken.

Take a look at the table on the next slide.


page 84
page 84
page 85
Note that the mean of the sampling distribution is
simply the mean of the population!

page 85
Then, to easily get the standard deviation of the
sampling mean, use the formula below;

page 85-86
Note that the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean or any statistic is
also called the standard error.

page 86
A random sample of size 50 is taken from a large
population with a mean of 160 and a standard
deviation of 18.
1. What is the mean of the sampling distribution of the
sample means?

page 87
A random sample of size 50 is taken from a large
population with a mean of 160 and a standard
deviation of 18.
1. What is the sampling error of the sampling distribution of
the sample means?

page 87

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