4.

9
CODING-DECODING
INTRODUCTION
The term Coding- Decoding primarily relates with message sent in secret form which cannot be understood by other
easily. Coding, therefore means rule or method used to hide the actual meaning of a word or group of words and decoding
means the method of making out the actual message that is disguised in a particular way.
Question of Coding –decoding are designed to test candidate ability to understand the rule used for the code and
then translate quickly to find out the decode for the given word. As a matter of fact, there exists no uniform and particular
type or category of these questions according to which we could classify questions on coding – decoding. However to
candidates following are classified (recognized) Aggregations :-
Before attempting any question on coding decoding you should remember alphabetical position of letters.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
Z y X W V U T S R Q P O N
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Z Y X W V U T S R Q P O N
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14

Some easy methods to remember the position of alphabets:

(1) E J O T Y
5 10 15 20 25
These letters are at a difference of 5 positions
(2) K L M
11 12 13
(3) F (for fix – six) = 6
(4) G (7 at base) = 7
(5) H (Hate- eight) =8
(6) I (nine) = 9
(7) M (middle) = 13
(8) T (twenty) = 20

• The sum of opposite placed alphabets (in the table shown above)is always 27
A and Z (1+26)=27
B and Y (2+25)=27
C and X (3+24)=27 and so on.

LETTER C ODING
In these questions, the letters in a word are replaced by certain other letters according to a specific rule to form its code. To
efficiently solve these sorts of questions the positions of alphabet in order are to be remembered thoroughly. And secondly,
the pattern has to be observed carefully.
(a) Alphabet coding – Decoding
Changed order of alphabets of a word- e.g.
(1) TRAINS → RTIASN
(2) PISTOL → IPTSLO
(3) INSTITUTION → NOITUTITSNI
(4) PERFECTION → NOITCEFREP
(5) GIGANTIC →GIGTANCI
(6) MIRACLES → MIRLACSE
Example 1: In a certain code, TEACHER is written as VGCEJGT. How is CHILDREN written in that code?
(a)EJKNEGTP (b) EGKNFITP (c) EJKNFGTO (d) EJKNFTGP
Solution: (d), Clearly, each letter in the word TEACHER is moved two steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the
code.

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

 Similarly, we have:

So, the desired code is EJKNFTGP.

Example 2: In a certain code language, RUSTICATE is written as QTTUIDBSD. How would STATISTIC be written in that code?
(a) RSBUJTUHB (b) RSBUITUHB (c) RSBUIRSJD (d) TUBUITUMB
Solution: (b), Clearly, the middle letter of the word remains unchanged in the code. Each of the first two and the last two
letters of the word is moved one step backward, while each of the remaining letters is moved one step
forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.

Similarly, we have:

Example 3: In a certain code, BREAKTHROUGH is written as EAOUHRBRGHKT. How is DISTRIBUTION written in that code?
(a) TISTBUONDIRI (b) STTIBUONRIDI (c) STTIBUDIONRI (d) RISTTIBUDION
Solution: (c), Let us divide the letters of the given word into pairs and label these pairs from 1 to 6.
𝐵𝑅 𝐸𝐴 𝐾𝑇 𝐻𝑅 𝑂𝑈 𝐺𝐻
1 2 3 4 5 6
Clearly, the code contains these pairs arranged in the order 2, 5, 4, 1, 6, 3.
Dividing the letters of the word DISTRIBUTION in pairs, we have:

𝐷𝐼 𝑆𝑇 𝑅𝐼 𝐵𝑈 𝑇𝐼 𝑂𝑁
1 2 3 4 5 6
Arranging these in the order 2, 5, 4, 1, 6, 3, we get the required code i.e. STTIBUDIONRI.
Example 4: In a certain code language, BEAT is written as YVZG, then what will be the code of MILD?
(a) ONRW (b) NOWR (c) ONWR (d) NROW
Solution: (d), B, E, A, T are respectively the 2nd, 5th, 1st, 20th letters from the beginning of the English alphabet. The letters of
the code Y, V, Z, G are respectively the 2nd, 5th, 1st and 20th letters from the end of the English alphabet.
Similarly, M, I, L, D are respectively 13th, 9th, 12th 4th letters from the beginning of the English alphabet. And,
the 13th, 9th, 12th, 4th letters from the end of the English alphabet are N, R, O, W respectively. So, the required
code is NROW.
Example 5: If in a certain code language, ‘ITNIETAM’ is code for ‘INTIMATE’, then which of the following words has the code
‘TREVNIETARBI’?
(a) INVRETIBRATE (b) INVERTIBARTE (c) INVERTIBRETA (d) INVERTIBRATE
Solution: (d), The letters of the first half and the letter half of the code are separately reversed to obtain the word. Thus, we
have

Similarly

So, option (d) is our answer.

Example 6: In a certain code language, ‘PRISM’ is written as ‘OSHTL’ and ‘RUBLE’ is written as ‘QVAMD’. How will ‘WHORL’
be written in that same code?
(a) XIPSM (b) VGNQK (c) UINSK (d) VINSK
Solution: (d), Here
CSAT by Rishi Bhargava
D IRECT LETTER CODING
In direct coding, the coded letters occur in the same sequence as the corresponding letters occur in the words. In questions
on direct coding, either the particular codes of letters are given or the codes of two or more words are given and one is asked
to find the codes of given words involving only these letters for which the codes have already been mentioned.
Replacement of letter of a word by other letters /digits/ symbols directly.
(1) SUGAR → PKLTN (2) TEARS →RTIASN
TEA → QGT MIN → 123
GREAT → LNGTQ RESENTMENT → YWZW3VIW3V

Example 1: If in a certain code, O is written as E, A as C, M as I, S as O, N as P, E as M, I as A, P as N and C as S, then how will

COMPANIES be written in that code ?
(a) SMINCPAMO (b) SEIACPAMO (c) SEINCPAMO (d) SEINCPMIO
Solution: (c), Substituting the letters of the given word with their respective codes, we have:

Example 2: If in a code language, PARENT is written as BDFGJK and CHILDREN is written as MOXQUFGJ, how is REPRINT
written in that code?
(a) FGBFXJK (b) FGBUXJK (c) FGBFXGD (d) BGBFXJK
Solution: (a), Observing the given words and codes, we notice that
(1) There is no apparent rule governing the coding;
(2) Both the given words have common codes corresponding to common letters i.e. PARENT and CHILDREN
have REN in common in the word and FGJ in common in the code. This indicates that the code letters are
in the same sequences as the corresponding letters in the words.
(3) REPRINT is formed by a combination of letters of PARENT and CHILDREN.
All the above three indicate that this is a question on direct coding.
Thus from the given words we have:
Letter P A R E N T C H I L D
Codes B D F G J K M O X Q U
Thus, the code for REPRINT becomes FGBFXJK.
Example 3: If the word EARTH be written as QPMZS in coded form, how can HEART be written following the same coding?
(a) SQPZM (b) SQMPZ (c) SPQZM (d) SQPMZ
Solution: (d), Observing the above question, we may notice that HEART consists of the same letters as EARTH and the four
possible codes given as alternatives also consist of the same letter codes as those in the code for EARTH. This
indicates that this is question on direct-coding.
1.
Example 4: In a certain code language, ‘STARK’ is written as ‘LBFMG’ and ‘MOBILE’ is written as ‘INRSPJ’. How will ‘BLAME’
be written in that same code?
(a) TSFRJ (b) RPFIJ (c) NJFTP (d) TSFGJ
Solution: (b), Using direct letter coding method

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

 The code for BLAME is RPFIJ. So, the answer is (b).
Example 5: In a coding system, ‘SHEEP’ is written as ‘GAXXR’ and ‘BLEAT’ as ‘HPXTN’. How can ‘SLATE’ be written in that
same coding system?
(a) GPTNX (b) GPTXN (c) GPXNT (d) PTGXN
Solution: (a), In both the words ‘SHEEP’ and ‘BLEAT’, the letter E is common and code for E is substituted X. Hence, using
direct letter coding method, we have

The code for SLATE is GPTNX. So the answer is (a).

Example 6: In a certain code, ‘LAKE’ is written as ‘OZPV’. How will ‘BACK’ be written in that same code?
(a) YXZP (b) XYZP (c) YZXP (d) XPYZ
Solution: (c), As,

Similarly,

NUMBER OR S YMBOL C ODING

In number or symbol coding, either numerical code values are assigned to a word or alphabetical code letters are assigned to
the numbers. The candidate is required to analyse the code as per the questions.
(a) Replacement of letters of word by a pattern in Alphabet set of order.
Constant Increase / decrease → in alphabetical position.
Different position pattern in ↑ or ↓ → of alphabetical order.
Additional pattern with base pattern of alphabetical order.

Example 1: Study the following letters and their corresponding digit codes followed by certain conditions of coding and
answer the questions given below them by finding out which of the digit combinations given in (a), (b), (c) and
(d) is the coded form of the letter-groups given in each question and mark your answer accordingly.
Letter P N A J I R E B U K
Codes 5 3 9 1 4 6 2 7 0 8
Conditions: (1) If both the first and the last letters in the group are vowels, both should be coded as $.
(2) If both the first and the last letters in the group are consonants, both should be coded as #.
1. RBUKAE
(a) #70892 (b) 670892 (c) 670982 (d) 607892
2. KUNAJB
(a) 803917 (b) $0391$ (c) #0391# (d) #0391$
3. EBNAPI
(a) 273954 (b) $7395$ (c) #7395# (d) $7395#

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

Solution:
1. (b), Clearly, the given letter-group begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel. So, each letter must be
replaced by individual digit code. Thus, the desired code is 670892.
2. (c), Clearly, the given letter-group begins with a consonant and also ends with a consonant. So, each of the first
and last letters must be coded as # while the middle four letters must be replaced by individual digit codes.
Thus, the desired code is #0391#.
3. (b), Clearly, the given letter-group begins with and also ends with a vowel. So, each of the first and last letters
must be coded as $ while the middle four letters must be replaced by individual digit codes. Thus, the
desired code is $7395$.
Example 2: If ‘WORK’ is coded as ‘4-12-9-16’, then how will you code ‘WOMAN’?
(a) 4-12-14-26-13 (b) 4-26-14-13-12 (c) 23-12-26-14-13 (d) 23-15-13-1-14
Solution: (a), Here , we have

Here, each letter is coded by the numerical obtained by subtracting its ‘position value’ in English alphabet,
from 27, eg, W, O, M, A, N are 23rd , 15th , 13th , 1st and 14th letters. So, their codes are (27-23), (27-15), (27-
13), (27-1), (27-14), i.e., 4, 12, 14, 26, 13 respectively.
Example 3: If ‘RAJU’ is coded as 11-12-13-14 and ‘JUNK’ is written as 13-14-10-9, then how will you code ‘RANK’?
(a) 9-10-11-12 (b) 10-11-12-9 (c) 11-12-10-9 (d) 12-11-10-9
Solution: (c) Here, we have

Here, each letter is assigned a specific value.

Example 4: If M =13, then KITE=?
(a) 55 (b) 45 (c) 65 (d) 50
Solution: (b), By using ‘EJOTY’ formula
11 9 20 5
K I T E
 11+ 9 + 20 +5 = 45

M ATRIX C ODING
Directions (1 – 4): In each of the following questions, a word is represented by only one set of number as given in any one of
the alternatives. The sets of numbers given in the alternatives are represented by two classes of alphabets as in the two
given matrices. The columns and rows of Matrix I are numbered from 0 to 4 and those of Matrix II from 5 to 9. A letter from
these matrices can be represented first by its row and then the column number e.g. , in the matrices for question 1 to 4, M
can be represented by 14, 21 etc. ; O can be represented by 20, 32 etc. similarly you have to identify the correct set for the
word given in each question.
Matrix I Matrix I

Example 1: MOST
(a) 40, 44, 22, 89 (b) 33, 20, 11, 79 (c) 21, 00, 03, 88 (d) 02, 13, 34, 56
Solution: (d), From matrix I, M can be coded as 02, 14, 21, 33 or 40.
From matrix I, O can be coded as 01, 13, 20, 32 or 44.
From matrix I, S can be coded as 03, 10, 22, 34 or 41.
From II, T can be coded as 56, 68, 75, 87, or 99.
Clearly, (d) is the only set of correct codes.
Example 2: ROAD
(a) 42, 32, 79, 58 (b) 23, 32, 98, 99 (c) 11, 13, 67, 69 (d) 04, 20, 55, 78
Solution: (c), From matrix I, R can be coded as 04, 11, 23, 30 or 42.
From matrix I, O can be coded as 01, 13, 20, 32, or 44,
CSAT by Rishi Bhargava
 From matrix II, A can be coded as 55, 67, 79, 86 or 98.
From matrix II, D can be coded as 57, 69, 76, 88 or 95.
Clearly, only (c) contains the correct codes.

S UBSTITUTION
In these type of questions, some particular words are assigned certain substituted names. Then a question is asked that is to
be answered in the substituted coded language.
Example 1: If cook is called ‘Butler’, ‘butler’ is called ‘manager’, ‘manager’ is called ‘teacher’, ’teacher’ is called ‘clerk’ and
‘clerk’ is called ‘principal’, who will teach in a class?
(a) Cook (b) Butler (c) Manager (d) Clerk.
Solution (d), Clearly, a ‘teacher’ teaches in a class and as given, ’teacher’ is called ‘clerk’. So, a ‘clerk’ will teaches in a class.

D ECIPHERING MESSAGE W ORD C ODES

In this type of questions, some messages are given in the coded language and the code for a particular word or message is
asked. To analyse such codes,any two messages bearing a common word are picked up. The common code-word will thus
represent that word. Proceeding similarly by picking up all possible combinations of two, the entire message can be decoded
and the codes for individual words found.
Example 1: In a certain code language, ‘si po re’ means ‘book is thick’, ‘ti na re’ means ‘bag is heavy’, ‘ka si’ means ‘interesting
book’ and ‘de ti’ means ‘that bag’ . What should stand for ‘that is intersting’ in that code language?
(a) ka de re (b) tip o ka (c) ka re na (d) de si re
Solution: (a), In the first and second statements, the common code-word is ‘re’ and the common word is ‘is’. So ‘re’ means
‘is’.
In the first and third statement, the common code-word is ‘si’ and the common word is ‘book’. So, ‘si’ means
‘book’. Thus, the other code – word in the third statement i.e. ‘ka’ means ‘interesting’.
In the second and fourth statements, the common code- word is ‘li’ and the common word is ‘bag’. So, ‘ti’
means ‘bag’. Thus, the other code – word in the fourth statement i.e. ‘de’ means ‘that’.
Thus, the codes for ‘that’, ‘is’ and ‘interesting’ are ‘de’, ‘re’ and ‘ka’ respectively. So, any combination of these
three codes shall be the required code.
Example 2: Read the information given below to answer the questions that follow:
In a certain code language,
(i) (i)‘pit na sa’means ‘you are welcome’;
(ii) ‘naho pa la’ means ‘they are very good’;
(iii) ‘ka da’ la’ means ‘who is good’;
(iv) ‘od ho pit la’ means ‘they welcome good people’.
1. Which of the following means ‘people’ in that code language?
(a) od (b) la (c) ho (d) pit
2. Which of the following means ‘very’ in that code language?
(a) pa (b) na (c) da (d) Data inadequate
3. Which of the following statement(S) is/are redundant to answer the above two questions?
(a) None (b) (i) and (ii) (c) (ii)or (iv) (d) None of these
Solution:
1. (a), In Statements (i) and (iv), the common code-word is ‘pit’ and the code-word is ‘welcome’. So, ‘pit’ means
‘welcome’.
In statements (ii) and (iv), the common code-words are ‘ho’ and ‘la’ and the common words are ‘they’ and
‘good’. So, ‘ho’ and ‘la’ mean ‘they’ and ‘good’. Thus, in (iv), the remaining code-word i.e. ‘od’ means ‘people’.
Hence, the answer is (a).
2. (a), From 1, we know that ‘ho’ and ‘la’ are codes for ‘they’ and ‘good’
Now, in statements (i) and (ii), the common code-word is ‘na’ and the common word is ‘are’. So, ‘na’ means
‘are’.
Thus, in (ii), the remaining code-word i.e. ‘pa’ means ‘very’.
3. (d), Clearly, to answer the above two questions, we used statements (i), (ii) and (iv), and (iv), and didn’t require
(iii). So, (iii) is redundant.

D ECIPHERING NUMBER AND S YMBOL C ODES FOR MESSAGES

In these type of questions, a few group of numbers or symbols, each coded in a certain message are given. Through
the comparison of given coded messages, taking two at a time, the candidate is required to find the number or symbol code
for each word and then formulate the code for the given message.
Example 1: In a certain code language, ‘go for morning walk’ is written as ‘$ *?#’ , ‘good for health’ is written as ‘€?@’ and
‘good to walk fast’ is written as ‘+@#, then what is the code for ‘health’ in that code language?
(a) + (b) # (c) € (d) ?
Solution (c), In the first and second statements, the common code symbol is ‘?’ and the common word is ‘for’ So, ‘?’ means
‘for’.
In second and third statements, the common code symbol is ‘@’ and the common word is ‘good’. So ‘@’ means
‘good’ Thus, in the second statement, ‘€’ means ‘health’.

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

Example 2: In a certain code language, ‘617’ means ‘sweet and hot’, ‘735’ means ‘coffee is sweet’ and ‘263’ means ‘tea is hot’.
Which of the following would mean ‘coffee is hot’?
(a) 731 (b) 536 (c) 367 (d) 753
Solution: (b), In the first and third statement, the common code digit is ‘6’ and the common word is ‘hot’. So, ‘6’ means ‘hot’.
In the second and third statements, the common code digit is ‘3’ and the common word is ‘is’. So, ‘3’ means ‘is’.
In the first and second statements, the common code digit is ‘7’ and the common word is ‘sweet’. So, in the
second statement, ‘5’ means ‘coffee’. Clearly, ‘536’ would mean ‘coffee is hot’. Hence, the answer is (b).

JUMBLED CODING
Directions (1-4): A code language has been used to write the words in capital letters in English in Column I as Greek letters
in Column II. Greek II. Greek letters in Column II do not appear in the same order as letters in Column I. Decode the
language and choose the correct code for the word given in each question, from amongst the alternatives provided.
Column I Column II
CLEAR 
VIEW 
TURN 
BUTTER 
OILY 
WRITE 
VOWEL 
Example 1: LIVER
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
Example 2: TROUBLE
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
Example 3: BROWN
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
Example 4: CYCLE
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
Solution: In BUTTER, there are two T’s and the letter occurs twice in the code. So,  stands for T.
In VIEW and BUTTER, the common letter is E and the common code letter is . So,  stands for E.
In CLEAR and BUTTER, the common code letter stands for E. so, the other common code letter  stands of R.
In TURN and BUTTER, the common code letters  and  stand for T and R respectively.
So, the other common code letter  stands for U.
In TURN, the remaining code letter  stands for N.
In BUTTER, the remaining code letter  stands or B.
In CLEAR and VOWEL, the common code letter  stands for E. so, the other common code letter  stands for L.
In OILY and VOWEL, the common code letter  stands for L. So, the other common code letter  stands for O.
In OILY and WRITE, the common code letter  stands for I.
In OILY, the remaining code letter  stands for Y.
In WRITE and VOWEL, the common code letter  stands for E. so, the other common code letter  stands for W.
In VOWEL, the code letters ,, and stand for O, W, E and L respectively. So, the remaining code letter  stands for
V.
In CLEAR,  and  are codes for C and A.
The above information can be summarised as below :
Code             / /
Letter T E R U N B L O I Y M V C A
Solution 1: (a), The code for L is , for I is  , for V is  , for E is  and for R is . so, the code for LIVER is  or 
Solution 2: (d), The code for T is  , for R is  , for O is  , for U is , for B is  ., for L is  and for E is  .so, the code for
TROUBLE is  or 
Solution 3: (c), The code for B is  , for R is , for O is , for W is  and for N is . So, the code for BROWN  is or 
Solution 4: (a), The code C is  or  . But, C occurs twice in CYCLE and only  occurs twice in the alternatives provided. So,
the code for C is .
Solution 5: (a), Now, the code for C is , for Y is , for L is  and for E is  . So, the code for CYCLE is  or .

Miscellaneous Examples

Example 1: In a certain system of coding, the word STATEMENT is written as TNEMETATS. In the same system of coding,
what should be the code for the word POLITICAL?
(a) LACITILOP (b) LCATILIOP (c) OPILITACL (d) None
Solution: (a), Clearly, the letters of the given word are written in a reverse order to obtain the code.
Reversing the order of letters in POLITICAL, we get LACITILOP, which is the required code.
Example 2: If HEALTH is written as GSKZDG, then how will NORTH be written in that code?
CSAT by Rishi Bhargava
 (a) OPSUI (b) GSQNM (c) FRPML (d) IUSPO
Solution: (b), Clearly, the letters of the given word are written in a reverse order and then each letter is moved one step
backward to obtain the code.
Reversing the order of letters in NORTH, we get HTRON. Thus, we have:

So, the required code is GSQNM

Example 3: In a certain code language, ‘PICTURE’ is written as ‘QHDSVQF’. How would ‘Browser’ be written in that same
code?
(a) CQVVTDS (b) CQPVTDS (c) CQPUTDS (d) CQVPPDS
Solution: (b), Clearly, the letters in the word ‘PICTURE’ are moved alternately one step forward and one step backward to
obtain the code. Thus, we have

Example 4: In a certain code language, ‘GIVE’ is written as ‘VIEG’ and ‘OVER’ is written as ‘EVRO’. How will ‘DISK’ be written
in that same code?
(a) SIDK (b) KISD (c) KDSI (d) SIKD
Solution: (d), Here,

Similarly,

Example 5: In a certain code language, ‘BAT’ is written ‘YZG’. How will ‘SICK’ be written in that same code?
(a) HRYV (b) HRZP (c) HRXP (d) RHPX
Solution: (c), As,

Example 6: In a defence message, GET AWAY, FIRE BACK-WARDS, MOVE SLOW is coded as BEN CDCI, QHOE PCTL DCOXU,
ZMWE VFMD.
Based on this coding scheme, spot the codes for the following words:
1. OVER (a)MWED (b)MWEO (c)MWOE (d) MWZO
2. DEADLY (a) XECXEI (b)XEEXCI (c)XECXFI (d)XENXFI
3. REWERD (a) OEDCOU (b)OEDCOX (c)OEDNXE (d)OTDCOX
4. GREAT (a)BOECN (b) BOENC (c)BOEHC (d)BOEQN
Solution: Observing the given message, we find that as such, no definite rule of coding seems to follow. Also, whenever A
occurs in the message, C comes at the corresponding place in the code. Similarly, E corresponds to E, D corresponds
to W and so on. Thus, every letter in the message has a particular code. This is direct-coding.
Thus, from the given message, we have:

Letterr G E T A W Y F I R B C K D S M O V L
Codes B E N C D I Q H O P T L X U Z M W F
CSAT by Rishi Bhargava
 1. (b), The code for OVER is MWEO.
2. (c), The code for DEADLY is XECXFI.
3. (b), The code for REWARD is OEDCOX.
4. (a), The code for GREAT is BOECN

Example 7: In a certain code, RAIN is written as 8$%6 and MORE is written as 7#8@. How is REMAIN written in that code?
(a) #@7$%6 (b) #@&$%6 (c) 7@#$%6 (d) 8@7$%6
Solution: (d), The given words have ‘R’ in common and ‘8’ in common at the corresponding places in the code. This implies
that letters have been assigned set numeral/symbol codes. Thus, we may sort out the individual codes as
under:
Thus, the code for REMAIN is 8@7$%6.
Example 8: STOP
(a) 10, 56, 44, 97 (b) 41, 68, 01, 77 (c) 22, 75, 32, 86 (d) 33, 99, 42, 59
Solution: (a) From matrix I, S can be coded as 03, 10, 22, 34, or 41.
From matrix II, T can be coded as 56, 68, 75, 87 or 99.
From matrix I, O can be coded as 01, 13, 20, 32 0r 44.
From matrix II, P can be coded as 59, 66, 78, 85 or 97.
Example 9: FOAM
(a) 24, 01, 55, 22 (b) 00, 01, 67, 33 (c) 12, 13, 67, 23 (d) 43, 52, 56, 33
Solution: (b) From matrix I, F can be coded as 00, 12, 24, 31 or 43.
From matrix I, O can be coded as 01, 13, 20, 32 or 44.
From matrix II, A can be coded as 55, 67, 79, 86 or 98.
From matrix I, M can be coded as 02, 14, 21, 33 or 40.
Example 10: If ‘diamond’ is called ‘gold’, gold’ is called ‘silver’, ‘silver’ is called ‘ruby’ is called ‘emerald’, which is the cheapest
jewel?
(a) Diamond (b) Silver (c) Gold (d) Ruby
Solution (d), We know that ‘silver’ is cheapest. But as given, ‘silver’ is called ‘ruby’. So, ‘ruby’ is the cheapest
Example 11: If ‘eye’ is called ‘hand’ is called ‘mouth’, ‘mouth’ is called ‘ear’, ‘ear’ is called ‘nose’ and ‘nose’ is called ‘tongue’,
with which of the following would a person hear?
(a) Eye (b) Mouth (c) Nose (d) Ear
Solution (c), A person hears with his ‘ear’. But as per the given information, ‘ear’ is called ‘nose’. So, a person will hear with
the ‘nose’.
Example 12: Study the following information to answer the given questions:
In a certain code language,
I. ‘ka bi pu ya’ means ‘you are very intelligent’;
II. ‘ya lo ka wo’ means ‘they seem very intelligent’;
III. ‘la pu le’ means ‘you can see’;
IV. ‘sun pun yun ya’ means ‘how intelligent she is’
In each of the following questions, find which of the above statements is/are required to find the exact code of
the given word. If the code cannot be ascertained even by using all the given statements, then your answer is
Data inadequate.
1. You
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) None of these
2. How
(a)I and II (b) I and IV (c) I, II and IV (d) Data inadequate
3. are
(a)I, II and III (b) I, II and IV (c) I, III and IV (d) All the four
4. very
(a) I, II and III (b) I , II and IV (c) I, III and IV (d) All the four
5. They
(a) I and II (b) I, II and IV (c) I, III and IV (d) Data inadequate
6. intelligent
(a) I and II (b) I and IV (c) II and IV (d) Either (b) or (c)
7. can
(a) I and III (b)) I, II and II (c) III and IV (d) data inadequate
Solution:
1. (c), Clearly, ‘you’ is the only common word in statement I and III. So, the code for ‘you’ is the common code-word
in I and III, which is ‘pu’.
2. (d), Statement IV has only one word ‘intelligent’ which is common in two or more of the given statements. So, only
the code for ‘intelligent’ can be found; while it is not possible to determine the exact codes for ‘how’, ‘she’ and
‘is’. Thus, the given data are inadequate.
3. (a), Clearly, in I, to find the code for ‘are’, we need to first determine the codes for ‘you’, ‘very’ and ‘intelligent’.
From I and III, the code for ‘you’ is ‘pu’.
From I and II, the codes for ‘very’ and ‘intelligent’ are ‘ya’ and ‘ka’.
So, in I, the remaining code-word i.e. ‘bt’ stands for ‘are’.

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

 Thus, the statements I, II and III are required.
4. (d), Clearly, there are no two statements in which ‘very’ is the only common word. So, the code for ‘very’ can be
determined by finding the codes of the other three words in I.
We know that I and II are required to find the codes for ‘you’ and ‘are’. Since ‘intelligent’ is the only word
common to (I and IV), So the code- word common to any of these pairs of statements stands for ‘intelligent’.
After getting the codes for ‘you’, ‘are’ and ‘intelligent’, the remaining code-word in I stands for ‘very’.
Thus, all the four statements are required.
5. (d), Statement II has two uncommon words –‘they’ and ‘seem’. So, it is not possible to determine the exact code for
any of these words.
6. (d), As discussed in 4, we need (I and IV) or (II and IV) to determine the code for ‘intelligent’.
7. (d), Statement III has two uncommon words – ‘can’ and ‘see’. So, it is not possible to determine the exact code for
any of these words.
Example 13: In a certain code language, ’it pit sit’ means ‘I am boy’, ‘it nit sit’ means ‘I am girl’, which of the following means
‘girl’?
(a) it (b) pit (c) sit (d) nit
Solution: (d), We have,
it pi sit → I am boy
it nit sit → I am girl
Here, ‘it sit’ is common in both the messages and ‘I am’ is common in both codes. Hence, code for girl will be
‘nit’.
Example 14: In a certain code language, ‘786’ means ‘study very hard’, ‘958’ means ‘hard work pays’ and ‘645’ means ‘study
and work’. Which of the following is the code for ‘very’?
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) Cannot be determined
Solution: (c), In the first and second statements, the common code digit is ‘8’ and the common word is ‘hard’. So, ‘8’ means
‘hard’. In the first and third statements, the common code digit is ‘6’ and the common word is ‘study’. So, ‘6’
means ‘study’.
7 8 6 → study very hard … (i)
9 5 8 → hard work pays … (ii)
6 4 5 → study and work … (iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 8 → hard
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 6 → study
Hence, very → 7.
Directions (15-19): Below, in Column I, are given some words. These have been translated into a code language. The code
equivalents of the words in Column I given in Column II are not necessarily opposite to the corresponding words. Moreover,
the codes for the different letters in each word have also not been given in same order as these letters occur in the original
word, Study the two columns carefully and then of the four alternatives given in each question, find the one that has the code
equivalents of the letters of the word given in the question. This is your answer
Column I Column II
DELIBERATION aemrqs
CONSIDERATE ccehlmo
GHOSTLIKE cfhmoqqrx
WORLDLY cdgmqrsxz
KNOWLEDGE adefmopqqsz
ROCKET cefkmopqqszz
Example 15. SOLACE
(a) aedpqr (b) acemoq (c) acdmpq (d) demopq
Example 16. KNIGHT
(a) fgrsxz (b) gprsxz (c) fhmpqr (d) ghrxyz
Example 17. WORDY
(a) fhlmq (b)ehlmo (c) efhlm (d) adeop
Example 18. NOTICE
(a) acdeqs (b) afmqsz (c) efhpqs (d) fghpqr
Example 19. BLOAT
(a) lkpqz (b) hmpqz (c) cmpqs (d) ckmps
Solution: We first find the exact codes of the given words.
DELIBERATION is a twelve-letter word. So, its code is cefkmopqqszz.
CONSIDERATE is an eleven-letter word. So, its code is adefmopqqsz.
GHOSTLIKE and KNOWLEDGE are nine –letter words and the codes are cfhmoqqrx and cdgmqrsxz .
KNOWLEDGE has two E’s and so its code will also contain two identical letters. Thus, its code is cfhmoqqrx.
So, the code for GHOSTLIKE is cdgmqrsxz.
WORLDLY is a seven-letter word. So, its code is ccehlmo.
ROCKET is a six-letter word. So, its code is aemrqs.
Rearranging the words and their codes, we have:
CONSIDERATE adefompqqsz

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

 DELIBERATION cefkmopqqszz
GHOSTLIKE cdgmqrsxz
WORLDLY ccehlmo
KNOWLEDGE cfhmoqqrx
ROCKET aemrqs
The common letter in the given words is O and the common code letter is m. So, m stands for O.
In WORLDLY and ROCKET, the common code letter m stands for O. The other common code letterer stands for R.
In GHOSTLIKE and WORLDLY, the other common code letter c stands for L.
In DELIBERATION and WORLDLY, the common code letters, c, e and m stand for L, R and O respectively. The
other common code letter o stands for D.
In WORLDLY and KNOWLEDGE, the common code letters, m, c and o stand for O, L and D respectively. So, the
other common code letter h stands for W.
In KNOWLEDGE, there are two E’s and the letter q occurs twice in the code. So, q stands for E.
In KNOWLEDGE and ROCKET, the common code letters m and q stand for O and E respectively. So, the other
common code r stands for K.
In GHOSTLIKE and ROCKET, the common code letters m, r and q stand for O, K and E respectively. So, the other
common code letters stands for T.
In ROCKET, the remaining code letter a stands for C.
In GHOSTLIKE and KNOWLEDGE, the common code letters m, c, r and q stand for O, L,K and E respectively. So,
the other common code letters x stands for G.
In KNOWLEDGE, the remaining code letter f stands for N.
In DELIBERATION and GHOSTLIKE, the common code letter q, c, s and m stand for E, L, T and O respectively. So,
the common code letter z stands for I.
In CONSIDERATE and GHOSTLIKE the common code letters m, z, q and s stand for O, I, E and T respectively. So,
the common code letter d stands for S.
In GHOSTLIKE, the remaining code letter g stands for H.
In CONSIDERATE, the remaining code letter p stands for A.
In DELIBERATION, the remaining code letter K stands for B.
The information can be summarised as below:
Code m e c o h l q r s a x f z d g p k
Letter O R L D W Y E K T C C N I S H A B
Solution 1: (c), The code for S is d, for O is m, for L is c, for A is p, for C is a and for E is q.
So, the code for SOLACE is dmcpaq or acdmq.
Solution 2: (a), The code for K is r, for N is f, for I is z, for G is x, for H is g and for T is s.
So, the code for KNIGHT is rfzxgs or fgrsxz.
Solution 3: (b), The code for W is h, for O is m, for R is e, for D is o and for Y is I.
So, the code for WORDLY is hmeol or ehlmo
Solution 4: (b), The code for N is f , for O is m, for T is s, for I is z, for C is a and for E is q.
So, the code for NOTICE is fmszaq or afmqsz.
Solution 5: (d), The code for B is k, for L is C, for O is m, for A is p and for T is s.
So, the code for BLOAT is kcmps or ckmps.

Exercise 1

1. If ‘FISH’ is written as ‘EHRG’ in a certain code, then how would ‘JUNGLE’ be written in that same code?
(a) ITMFKD (b) ITNFKD (c) KVOHMF (d) TIMFKD
2. If ‘GIRL’ is written as ‘FJSK’ in a certain code, then how would ‘BOY’ be written in that same code?
(a) CPX (b) APX (c) APZ (d) CPZ
3. If in a certain language, ‘MADRAS’ is coded as ‘NBESBT’, then how would ‘BOMBAY’ be coded in that same language?
(a) CPNCBX (b) CPNCBZ (c) CPOCBZ (d) CQOCBZ
4. If in a certain language, ‘MIRACLE’ is coded as ‘NKUEHRL’, then how is ‘GAMBLE’ coded in that same language?
(a) JDOCMF (b) CLEMNK (c) HCPFQK (d) AELGMN
5. If in a certain code language, ‘BROWSER’ is written as ‘RESWORB’, then how ‘TEACHER’ be coded in that same
language?
(a) REHCEAT (b) REHCAET (c) REHCTEA (d) AHRCTEA
6. If in a certain code language, ‘FRIEND’ is written as ‘ETKDPF’, then how ‘REVEAL’ be coded in that language?
(a) LAEVER (b) VERQLM (c) QXGCDN (d) QGXDCN
7. In a certain code, ‘BELIEF’ is written as ‘AFKKDH’. How would ‘SELDOM’ be written in that code?
(a) RDKCHL (b) RFKENM (c) RFKFNP (d) TFKENP
8. In a certain code, ‘INSTITUTION’ is written as ‘NOITUTITSNI’. How would ‘PERFECTIONS’ be written in that code?
(a) SNOICTEREP (b) SNOITCEFERP (c) SNOITCEFRPE (d) SNOITCEFREP
9. In a certain code, ‘MIND’ is written as ‘KGLB’ and ‘ARGUE’ becomes ‘YPESC’, then what will ‘DIAGRAM’ in that code?
(a) BGYEPYK (b) BGYPYEK (c) GLPEYKB (d) LKBGYPK

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

10. In a certain code, ‘CAT’ is written as ‘SATC’ and ‘DEAR’ is written as ‘QEARD’. How would ‘SING’ be written in that
code?
(a) BGINS (b) SGNIS (c) SINGS (d) GNISS
11. In a certain code, ‘KAVERI’ is written as ‘VAKIRE’. How is ‘MYSORE’ written in that same code?
(a) EROSYM (b) SYMROE (c) SYMEOR (d) SMYERP
12. In a certain code, ‘GOODNESS’ is coded as ‘HNPCODTR’. How is ‘GREATNESS’ coded in that same code?
(a) HQFZUODTR (b) HQFZUMFRT (c) HQFZSMFRT (d) FSDBSODTR
13. In a certain language, ‘POPULAR’ is coded as ‘QPQVMBS’, then which words from the following would be coded as
‘GBNPVT’?
(a) FARMER (b) FAMOUS (c) FRAMES (d) FAMOTH
14. In a certain language, ‘REFRIGERATOR’ is coded as ‘ROTAREGIRFER’. Which words from the following would be coded
as ‘NOITINUMMA’?
(a) ANMOMIUTMI (b) AMNTOMUIIN (c) AMMUNITION (d) NMMUNITIOA
15. In a certain code, ‘THRIVES’ is written as ‘SIUHRDU’. How is ‘SOULFUL’ written in that same code?
(a) VPTKKTE (b) VPTKETK (c) TPVKKTE (d) TNRKMVG
16. In a certain code, ‘BUILDER’ is written as ‘JVCKSFE’. How is ‘SEALING’ written in that same code?
(a) BTFKHOJ (b) JOHKBT (c) TFBKHOJ (d) BFTKJOH
17. In a certain code language, ‘CURATIVE’ is written as ‘BSVDDUHS’. How ‘STEAMING’ is to be written in the same code
language?
(a) BFUTFMHL (b) TUFBFMHL (c) BFUTLHMF (d) BFUTHOJN
18. If ‘VEHEMENT’ is written as ‘VEHETNEM’, then how ‘MOURNFUL’ be written in that code language?
(a) MOURLUFN (b) MOUNULER (c) OURMNFUL (d) URNFULMO
19. In a certain language, ‘EXECUTIVE’ is coded as ‘TCIEUXVEE’, then how is ‘MAUSOLEUM’ coded in that same language?
(a) LSEUOAUMM (b) AUUCOSLMM (c) AUEUOSEMM (d) SLUEOAUMM
20. In a certain code, ‘JOURNEY’ is written as TNISZFO’. How is ‘MEDICAL’ written in that same code?
(a) CDLJMBD (b) CDLJDBM (c) LDCJMBD (d) EFNJMBD
21. In a certain code, ‘MOUSE’ is written as ‘PRUQC’. How is ‘SHIFT’ written in that same code?
(a) VKIRD (b) VKIDR (c) VJIDR (d) VIKRD
22. If ‘CARPET’ is coded to ‘TCEAPR’, then ‘NATIONAL’ is coded with
(a) NLATNOIA (b) LANOITAN (c) LNAANTOI (d) LNOINTAA
23. In a certain code, ‘CLOCK’ is written as ‘XOLXP’. How will ‘LOTUS’ be written in that same code?
(a) OGLFH (b) OLGFH (c) LOGFH (d) OLGHF
24. In a certain code, ‘LATE’ is written as ‘VGZO’. How will ‘SHINE’ be written in that same code?
(a) VRMSH (b) VMSHR (c) VMRSH (d) MVRSH
25. If R is denoted by N, D is denoted by T, I by U, O by I, E by R, T by O, U by D, N by C and C by E, then how will the word
INTRODUCE be written?
(a) UCONIDTER (b) UCONITDER (c) UCONTIDER (d) UCOINTDER
26. In a coding system, ‘JUNE’ is written as ‘PQRS’ and ‘AUGUST’ is written as ‘WQFQMN’. How can ‘GUEST’ be written in
this same coding language?
(a) FQTMN (b) FPSMN (c) FQSMN (d) FQSNM
27. If in a code language, ‘PARENT’ is written as ‘BDFGJK’ and ‘CHILDREN’ is written as ‘MOXQUFGJ’, how is ‘REPRINT’
written in that same code?
(a) FGBFXJK (b) FGBUXJK (c) FGBFXGD (d) BFGXJK
28. If the word ‘ANU’ be written as ‘MSN’ and ‘VINAY’ be written ‘PLSMZ’, how can we express the word ‘ANUVI’ in the
same language?
(a) MSNPL (b) MPNSL (c) MSMPL (d) MQMPL
29. In a code language, ‘APPLE’ is written as ‘PQQRS’, ‘RIS’, is written as ‘ABC’ and ‘MANGO’ is written as ‘TPXYZ’. How will
‘ROSE’ be written in that same code language?
(a) ABCS (b) ACBS (c) AZSC (d) QZRS
30. In a code language, ‘SAINT’ is written as ‘ABCDE’ and ‘PARIS’ is written as ‘FBGCA’. How will ‘PAIST’ be written in that
same code language?
(a) FBCAE (b) FABCE (c) FABEC (d) ABACE
31. In a certain code, ‘FIRE’ is written as ‘QHOE’ and ‘MOVE’ as ‘ZMWE’. Following the same rule of coding, what should be
the code for the word ‘OVER’?
(a) MWED (b) MWEO (c) MWOE (d) MWZO
32. In a certain code, ‘STOVE’ is written as ‘FNBLK’, then how will ‘VOTES’ be written in the same code?
(a) FLKBN (b) LBNKF (c) LKNBF (d) LNBKF
33. If ‘MACHINE’ is coded as 19-7-9-14-15-20-11, then how will you code ‘DANGER’ in the same code?
(a) 11-7-20-16-11-24 (b) 13-7-20-9-11-25 (c) 10-7-20-13-11-24 (d) 13-7-20-10-11-25
34. If E = 5, PEN = 35, then PAGE = ?
(a) 27 (b) 28 (c) 29 (d) 36
35. If ‘RED’ is coded as 2076, then how would ‘GREEN’ be coded?
(a) 16677199 (b) 1677209 (c) 16717209 (d) 9207716
36. If ‘COT’ is written ‘123’, ‘PUCK’, is written as ‘4516’ then how would ‘COCK’ be written in that same code language?
(a) 1216 (b) 3136 (c) 3486 (d) 5789

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

37. In a certain code, ‘RAIN’ is written as ‘8$%6’ and ‘MORE’ is written as ‘7#8@’. How would ‘REMAIN’ be written in that
code?
(a) 8@7$86 (b) 8@$7%6 (c) 8@7$6% (d) 8@7$%6
38. If in a certain code language, ‘CHARCOAL’ is coded as ‘45164913’ and ‘MORALE’ is coded as ‘296137’, then how would
the word ‘ALLOCHRE’ be coded in that language?
(a) 13396875 (b) 16693985 (c) 13394567 (d) 19943785
39. If ‘LINGER’ is ‘123456’ and ‘FORCE’ is ‘56789’, then ‘FIERCE’ will be
(a) 345667 (b) 456678 (c) 345677 (d) 556789
40. If A = 26, SUN = 27, then CAT = ?
(a) 29 (b) 27 (c) 57 (d) 58
41. If ‘ZEBRA’ is written as ‘2652181’, then how can ‘COBRA’ be written?
(a) 302181 (b) 3152181 (c) 31822151 (d) 1182153
42. If ‘B’ is coded as ‘8’, ‘F’ is coded as ‘6’, ‘Q’ is coded as ‘4’, ‘D’ is coded as ‘7’, ‘T’ is coded as ‘2’, ‘M’ is coded as ‘3’ and ‘K’ is
coded as ‘5’, then what the coded form of QKTBFM?
(a) 425783 (b) 452683 (c) 452783 (d) 472683
43. If ZIP = 198 and ZAP = 138, then how will you code P?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) 9
44. If ‘APE’ is written as ‘369’, then how would ‘PEA’ be written in the code language?
(a) 369 (b) 693 (c) 936 (d) 963
45. If PARROT = 123345 and SOAT = 6425, then how would ROAST be written in that same code language?
(a) 32456 (b) 32564 (c) 34625 (d) 34265
46. If ‘DASHE’ is ‘21845’, then how would ‘SHADE’ be written in that same code language?
(a) 84125 (b) 84215 (c) 84152 (d) 84124
47. If ‘ACNE’ is coded as 3, 7, 29, 11, then ‘BOIL’ will be coded as
(a) 5, 31, 21, 25 (b) 5, 31, 19, 25 (c) 5, 29, 19, 25 (d) 5, 29, 19, 27
48. If ‘BRASS’ is coded as ‘13566’, then ‘SIR’ may be coded as
(a) 623 (b) 315 (c) 536 (d) 617
49. If ‘FLARE’ is coded as 21, 15, 26, 9, 22 then how would ‘BRIEF’ be coded in the same language?
(a) 25, 9, 22, 21, 18 (b) 5, 37, 11, 19, 13 (c) 13, 19, 11, 37, 5 (d) 25, 9, 22, 18, 21
50. If ‘SYSTEM’ is coded as ‘131625’, and ‘TERM’ is coded as ‘6245’, then ‘TERMS’ may coded as
(a) 62251 (b) 62451 (c) 64251 (d) 62415
51. If ‘HINDU’ is coded as ‘61257’ and ‘MAN’ is coded as ‘924’, then ‘INDIRA’ may be coded as
(a) 125132 (b) 126142 (c) 215197 (d) 126152
52. If ‘BOYS’ is coded as ‘8975’ and ‘END’ is coded as ‘123’, then how ‘SEND’ will be written in that code language?
(a) 5123 (b) 5321 (c) 5213 (d) Cannot be determined
53. In a certain code, ‘DOWN’ is written as ‘5@9#’ and ‘NAME’ is written as ‘#6%3’. How would ‘MODE’ be written in that
code?
(a) &653 (b) %@63 (c) %5@3 (d) %@53
54. In a certain code, ‘SAFER’ is written as ‘5@3#2’ and ‘RIDE’ is written as ‘2©%#’, how would ‘FEDS’ be written in that
code?
(a) 3#©5 (b) 3@%5 (c) 3#%5 (d) 3#%2
55. If in a certain language, ‘EAT’ is written as ‘318’ and ‘CHAIR’ is written as ‘24156’, then how ‘TEACHER’ be written in
that code language?
(a) 8313426 (b) 8312436 (c) 8321436 (d) 8312346
56. If CAT = 12, then MAN =?
(a) 14 (b) 24 (c) 16 (d) 15
57. If DIMPY = 76, then MONU =?
(a) 63 (b) 37 (c) 65 (d) 36

ANSWER KEY 1
1. a 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. d 7. d 8. d 9. a 10. d
11. d 12. d 13. b 14. c 15. a 16. d 17. a 18. a 19. a 20. a
21. b 22. c 23. b 24. c 25. b 26. c 27. a 28. a 29. d 30. a
31. b 32. b 33. c 34. c 35. d 36. a 37. d 38. c 39. d 40. c
41. b 42. d 43. d 44. b 45. b 46. a 47. b 48. a 49. d 50. b
51. a 52. a 53. d 54. c 55. b 56. a 57. d

Exercise 2

Directions (1-5): Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Digits in the numbers are to be coded as follows:
Digit 3 9 5 8 1 7 0 4 6 2
Code M O Q K T S P L R N

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

1. What will be the code for 1692746?
(a) RONLSRK (b) ROTPMLR (c) TRONSLR (d) TRNOSLR
2. KTMRNS is the code for which of the following numbers?
(a) 638539 (b) 836539 (c) 836127 (d) None of these
3. What will be the code for 3256789?
(a) LNQRSKT (b) MSPRSKO (c) MNQRSKO (d) MNPRSKO
4. What will be the code for 8765403?
(a) KSRNLPM (b) LSRQPLO (c) KSRLLPT (d) KSRQLPM
5. KQTNSMNL is the code for which of the following numbers?
(a) 85127324 (b) 85217324 (c) 81527324 (d) 85127234
Directions (6-10): In each of the questions given below, give a group of digits followed by four combination of letters/
symbols numbered (a), (b), (c) and (d). You have to find out which of the combinations correctly represents the group of
the digits based on the coding system and the conditions given below. Mark the number of that combination as your
answer. If none of the combinations correctly represent the group of digits, mark (e), i.e., ‘None of these’ as your answer.
Digits 5 1 3 4 9 6 8 2 7
Letters/ Symbol Codes P A K % R @ D © M
Conditions:
(i) If the first digit is odd and the last digit is even, the codes for the first and last digits are to be reversed.
(ii) If the first and the last digits are even, both are to be coded as .
(iii) If the first and the last digits are odd, both are the coded as $.
6. 215349
(a) RAPK%© (b) APK% (c) $APK%$ (d) None of these
7. 671254
(a) @MA©P% (b) $MA©P$ (c) MA©P (d) %MA©P©
8. 813469
(a) RAK%@D (b) DAK%@R (c) DAP%@R (d) AK%@
9. 794821
(a) MR%D©A (b) AR%D©M (c) M%RD©A (d) $R%D©$
10. 591426
(a) @RA%©P (b) PRA%©@ (c) @AR%©P (d) $R%D©
Directions (11-15): For each of the questions given below a group of digits followed by four combinations of letters/
symbols numbered (a), (b), (c) and (d). The letters are to be coded as per the scheme and conditions given below. The
serial number of the combination that correctly represents the group of letters is your answer. If none of these
combinations is correct, your answer should be (e), i.e., None of these.
Letters H I T K R F A
Digits/ Symbol Codes 3 7 % # 4 $ 6

Letters L E M J B Q U
Digits/ Symbol Codes 9 @  2 5 © 8
Conditions:
(i) If the first letter of the group is a vowel and the last letter is a consonant their codes are to be interchanged.
(ii) If the first letter of the group is a consonant and the last letter is a vowel both are to be coded by the code for vowel.
(iii) If the first as well as the last letter is a vowel both are to be coded by the code for first letter.
11. IRHMEJ
(a) 743@2 (b) 243@2 (c) 743@7 (d) 243@7
12. TFIKAR
(a) 4$7#6% (b) 4$7#64 (c) %$7#6% (d) None of these
13. MHEJKQ
(a) ©3@2# (b) 3@2# (c) 3@2#© (d) ©3@2#@
14. FIKLRU
(a) $7#948 (b) $7#94$ (c) 87#948 (d) 87#94$
15. ALFJHE
(a) @9$236 (b) 69$236 (c) @9$23@ (d) 69$23@
16. In a certain language, ‘sun shines brightly’ is written as ‘ba lo sul’, ‘houses are brightly lit’ as ‘kado ula ari ba’ and ‘light
comes from sun’ as ‘dopl kup lo nro’. What are the code-words for ‘sun’ and ‘brightly’?
(a) ba, sul (b) sul, lo (c) lo, ba (d) ba, lo
17. In a certain language, ‘oka peru’ means ‘fine cloths’, ‘meta lisa’ means ‘clear water’ and ‘dona lisa peru’ means ‘fine
clear weather’, which word of that language means ‘weather’?
(a) peru (b) oka (c) meta (d) dona
18. In a certain language, ‘me lo po’ means ‘anu weds vinay’ and ‘pe to lo’ means ‘vinay come here’, which word in that
language means ‘come’?
(a) pe (b) to (c) me (d) Cannot be determined
19. In a certain language, ‘pre not bis’ means ‘smoking is harmful’, ‘vog dor not’ means ‘avoid harmful habit’ and ‘dor bis
yel’ means ‘please avoid smoking’. Which of the following means ‘habit’ in that language?
(a) vog (b) not (c) dor (d) bis
CSAT by Rishi Bhargava
20. In a code language, ‘mu kay cit’ means ‘very lucky person’ and ‘dis hu mu’ means ‘fortunate and lucky’. Which is the
word for ‘lucky’ in that language?
(a) mu (b) kay (c) cit (d) dis
21. In a certain code language, ‘pul ta nop’ means ‘fruit is good’, ‘nop ko tir’ means ‘tree is tall’ and ‘pul ho sop’ means ‘eat
good food’. Which of the following means ‘fruit’ in that language?
(a) pul (b) ta (c) nop (d) Data inadequate
22. In a certain code language, ‘nee muk pic’ means ‘grave and concern’, ‘ill dic so’ means ‘every body else’ and ‘tur muk so’
means ‘body and soul’. Which of the following means ‘every concern’?
(a) dic pic (b) ill nee (c) pic nee (d) Cannot be determined
23. In a certain code language ‘lu ra de’ means ‘what was it’, ‘mo nil’ means ‘you go’, ‘mil pam ra’ means ‘you like it’ and
‘tok lu fo’ means ‘she was sick’. How will you write ‘what you like’ in that code?
(a) nil ra lu (b) pom nil ra (c) pom ra lu (d) None of these
24. In a certain code language, ‘123’ means ‘bright little boy’, ‘145’ means ‘tall big boy’ and ‘637’ means ‘beautiful little
flower’. Which digit in that language means ‘bright’?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
25. In a certain code, ‘975’ means ‘throw away garbage’, ‘528’ means ‘give away smoking’ and ‘213’ means ‘smoking is
harmful’. Which digit in that code means ‘smoking’?
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 2 (d) 3
26. In a certain code language, ‘617’ means ‘sweet and hot’, ‘735’ means ‘coffee is sweet’ and ‘263’ means ‘tea is hot’.
Which of the following would mean ‘coffee is hot’?
(a) 731 (b) 536 (c) 367 (d) 753
27. In a certain code language, ‘3a, 2b, 7c’ means ‘truth is eternal’, ‘7c, 9a, 8b, 3a’ means ‘enmity is not eternal’ and ‘4d, 2b,
8b’ means ‘truth does not’. Which of the following means ‘enmity’ in that language?
(a) 3a (b) 7c (c) 8b (d) 9a
28. If ‘lily’ is called ‘lotus’, ‘lotus’ is called ‘rose’, ‘rose’ is called ‘sunflower’ and ‘sunflower’ is called ‘marigold’, then which
will be the national flower of India?
(a) Lily (b) Lotus (c) Rose (d) Marigold
29. If ‘diamond’ is called ‘gold’, ‘gold’ is called ‘silver’, ‘silver is called ‘ruby’ and ‘ruby’ is called ‘emerald’, then which one of
these will be the cheapest jewel?
(a) Ruby (b) Gold (c) Silver (d) Diamond
30. On another planet, the local terminology for ‘earth’, ‘water’, ‘light’, ‘air’ and ‘sky’ are ‘sky’, ‘light’, ‘air’, ‘water’ and ‘earth’
respectively. If someone is thirsty there, what would he drink?
(a) Light (b) Air (c) Sky (d) Water
31. If the animals which can walk are called ‘swimmers’, animals who crawl are called ‘flying’, those living in water are
called ‘snakes’ and those which fly in the sky are called ‘hunters’, then what will a lizard be called?
(a) Swimmers (b) Snakes (c) Flying (d) Hunters
32. If ‘bucket’ is known as ‘tub’, ‘tub’ is known as ‘glass’, ‘glass’ is known as ‘saucer’, ‘saucer’ is known as ‘spoon’ then
which utensil will be used for drinking water?
(a) Tub (b) Saucer (c) Glass (d) Spoon
33. If ‘orange’ is called ‘butter’, ‘butter’ is called ‘soap’, ‘soap’ is called ‘ink’, ‘ink’ is called ‘honey’ and ‘honey’ is called
‘orange’, then which of the following will be used for washing clothes?
(a) Honey (b) Butter (c) Orange (d) Ink
34. If ‘black’ means ‘pink’, ‘pink’ means ‘blue’, ‘blue’ means ‘white’, ‘white’ means ‘yellow’, ‘yellow’ means ‘red’ and ‘red’
means ‘brown’, then what will be the colour of clear sky?
(a) Brown (b) Red (c) Blue (d) None of these
35. If ‘eraser’ is called ‘box’, ‘box’ is called ‘pencil’, ‘pencil’ is called ‘sharpener’ and ‘sharpener’ is called ‘bag’, then what
will a child write with?
(a) Eraser (b) Box (c) Pencil (d) Sharpener
36. If ‘black’ means ‘pink’, ‘pink’ means ‘blue’, ‘blue’ means ‘white’, ‘white’ means ‘yellow’, ‘yellow’ means ‘red’ and ‘red’
means ‘brown’, then what will be the colour of milk?
(a) Brown (b) Red (c) Blue (d) Pink
37. If in a language, ‘finger’ is called ‘toe’, ‘toe’ is called ‘foot’, ‘foot’ is called ‘thumb’, ‘thumb’ is called ‘ankle’, ‘ankle’ is
called ‘palm’ and ‘palm’ is called ‘knee’, then in that language, what will an illiterate man use to mark his signature?
(a) Toe (b) Knee (c) Thumb (d) Ankle
38. In a certain code, ‘467’ means ‘leaves are green’, ‘485’ means ‘green is good’ and ‘639’ means ‘they are playing’. Which
digit stands for ‘leaves’ in that code?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 3
39. In a certain code language, ‘134’ means ‘good and tasty’, ‘478’ means ‘see good pictures’ and ‘729’ means ‘pictures are
faint’. Which of the following digits stands for ‘see’?
(a) 9 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 8
Directions (41-42): According to certain codes:
A. ‘min’ fin bin gin’ means ‘trains area always late’.
B. ‘gin din cin hin’ means ‘drivers were always punished’.
C. ‘bin cin vin rin’ means ‘drivers stopped all trains’.
D. ‘din kin fin vin’ means ‘all passengers were late’.

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

40. ‘Drivers were late’ would be written as
(a) min cin din (b) fin cin din (c) fin din gin (d) gin hin min
41. Which word is represented by ‘vin’?
(a) all (b) late (c) trains (d)passenger

ANSWER KEY 2
1. c 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. a 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. a
11. d 12. d 13. c 14. c 15. b 16. c 17. d 18. d 19. a 20. a
21. b 22. d 23. d 24. b 25. c 26. b 27. d 28. c 29. a 30. a
31. c 32. b 33. d 34. d 35. d 36. d 37. d 38. c 39. d 40. b
41. a

Solution 1

1. (a):

2. (b): As, 8. (d): As,

3. (b) As,

9. (a): As,

4. (c): As,

5. (b): As,
10. (d): As,

6. (d): As,

11. (d): As,

7. (d): As,

12. (d): As,

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

 Hence,
MAUSOLEUM→LSEUOAUMM
12 3 4 56789→64735 2 8 1 9

20. (a): Here, we have

13. (b): As,

14. (c): As,

21. (b):

22. (c):

15. (a):

23. (b):
16. (d):

17. (a):

24. (c):

18. (a):

25. (b):

19. (a): E X E C U T I V E → T C I E U X V E E
123456789 → 647352819

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

 35. (d):
26. (c):

36. (a):
27. (a):

37. (d):

28. (a):

38. (c):

29. (d):

30. (a):

31. (b):
39. (d):

32. (b):

33. (c):
40. (c):

41. (b):
34. (c):

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

42. (d): B → 8, F → 6, Q → 4, D → 7, T → 2, M → 3, K → 5

Hence, it may be coded as 125132.

52. (a):
43. (c):

44. (b):

53. (d):
45. (d):

54. (c):
46. (a):

47. (b):

55. (b):

48. (a):

Using options it may be coded as 623.

49. (d): if we count the alphabets from the last, we get

56. (a): As, 3 1 20

C A T = (3 + 1 + 20) ÷ 2 = 24 ÷ 2 = 12
Similarly, 13 1 14
50. (b): M A N = (13 + 1 +14) ÷ 2 = 28 ÷ 2 = 14
57. (d): As, 4 9 13 16 25
D I M P Y = 4 + 9 + 13 + 16 + 25 = 67
Reversing the digits we get 76
Similarly, 13 15 14 21
M O N U = 13 + 15 +12 21 = 63 ⇒ 36

Only option (b) is applicable

51. (a):

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

 Solutions 2

1. (c):

2. (d): [None of the condition is applicable]

13. (c):

3. (c):
[None of the condition is applicable]
14. (c):

4. (d):

[Condition (ii) is applicable]

15. (b):
5. (a):

[Condition (iii) is applicable]

6. (d): 16. (c): sun shines brightly → ba lo sul . . . (i)
Houses are brightly lit → kado ula ari ba . . .(ii)
Light comes from sun → dopi kup lo mo . . (iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), brightly → ba
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), sun → lo
[None of the condition is applicable] Hence, sun → lo and brightly → ba
7. (c): 17. (d): oka peru → fine cloth . . . (i)
Meta lisa → clear water . . . (ii)
Dona lisa peru → fine clear water . . . (iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), peru → fine
[Condition (ii) is applicable] From Eqs. (i) and (iii), lisa → clear
8. (b): Hence, dona → weather
18. (d): me lo po → anu weds vinay . . . (i)
Pe to lo → vinay comes here . . . (ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), lo → vinay
[None of the condition is applicable] Hence, come is either written as pe or to.
9. (d): 19. (a): pre not bis → smoking is harmful . . . (i)
Vog dor not → avoid harmful habit . . . (ii)
dor bis yel → please avoid smoking . . . (iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), not → harmful
[Condition (iii) is applicable]
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), dor → avoid
10. (a):
Hence, habit → vog
20. (a): mu kay cit → very lucky person . . . (i)
Dis hu mu → fortunate and lucky . . . (ii)
[Condition (i) is applicable] From Eqs. (i) and (ii), lucky → mu
11. (d): 21. (b): pul tan op → fruit is good . . . (i)
Nop to tir → tree is tall . . . (ii)
Pul ho sop → eat good food . . . (iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), hop → is
[Condition (i) is applicable] From Eqs. (i) and (iii), pul → good
12. Hence, ta → fruit.

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava

22. (d): nu muk pic → grave and concern . . . (i) 28. (c): We know national flower of India is lotus and here
ill dic so → every body else. . . . (ii) lotus is called rose.
tur muk so → body and soul . . . (iii) 29. (a): We know the cheapest jewel is silver and here
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), muk → and silver is known as ruby.
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), so → body 30. (a): Water quenches thirst and here water known as
Hence, every is either ill or dic light.
And concern is either nu or pic 31. (c): Lizard → flying
Hence, code for ‘every, concern’ cannot be 32. (b): Glass is used for drinking water and here glass is
determined. known as saucer.
23. (d): lu ra de →what was it . . .(i) 33. (d): Soap is used for washing clothes and here soap is
Mo nil → you go . . . (ii) called ink.
Nil pam ra → you like it . . . (iii) 34. (d): We know that the colour of clear sky is blue and
Tok lu fo → she was sick . . . (iv) here blue is known as white.
From Eqs. (i) and (iv), lu → was 35. (d): Child writes with a pencil and here pencil is
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), ra → it known as sharpener.
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), nil → you 36. (d): We know that the colour of milk is white and here
So, From Eqs. (i) de → what and Eqs. (iii), pam → white means yellow.
like 37. (d): We know that an illiterate man uses his thumb for
Hence, what you like → de nil pam signature and here thumb refers to ankle.
24. (b): 1 2 3 → bright little boy . . . (i) 38. (c): 4 6 7 → leaves are green . . . (i)
1 4 5 → tall big boy . . . . (ii) 6 3 9 → they are playing . . . (ii)
6 3 7 → beautiful little flower . . . (iii) 4 8 5 → green is good . . . (iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 1 → boy From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 6 → are
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 3 → little From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 4 → green
Hence, 2 → bright. Hence, 7 → leaves
25. (c): 9 7 5 → throw away garbage . . . (i) 39. (d): 1 3 4 → good and tasty . . . (i)
5 2 8 → give away smoking . . . (ii) 4 7 8 → see good pictures . . . (ii)
2 1 3 → smoking is harmful. . . . (iii) 7 2 9 → pictures are faint . . . (iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), smoking → 2 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 4 → good
26. (b): 6 1 7 → sweet and hot . . . (i) From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 7 → pictures
7 3 5 → coffee is sweet . . . (ii) Hence, 8 → see
2 6 3 → tea is hot . . . (iii) 40. (b): min fin bin gin → trains are always late . . . (i)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 7 → sweet Gin din cin hin → drivers were always punished
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 6 → hot . . . (ii)
From Eqs. (ii) and (ii), 3 → is Bin cin vin rin → drivers stopped all trains . . . (iii)
Hence coffee is hot → 5 3 6 cin kin fin vin → all passengers were late . . . (iv)
27. (d): 3a 2b 7c → truth is eternal . . . (i) From Eqs. (i) and (iv), fin → late
7c 9a 8b 3a → enmity is not eternal . . . (ii) From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), cin → drivers
4d 2b 8b → truth does not . . . (iii) From Eqs. (ii) and (iv), din → were
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 7c → is/external Hence, drivers were late →cin din fin
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), 2b → truth 41. (a): bin cin vin rin → drivers stopped all trains.(i)
From Eqs. (ii) and (ii), 8b → hot Din kin fin vin → all passengers were late . . . (ii)
Hence, 9a → enmity From Eqs. (i) and (ii), vin → all

CSAT by Rishi Bhargava