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3. Functions

The document discusses the concept of functions and relations, emphasizing that a function assigns a unique element in set B to each element in set A. It provides examples to illustrate when a relation is a function and when it is not, highlighting the conditions for injective and surjective functions. Additionally, it touches on the concepts of domain and range in relation to functions.

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5 views

3. Functions

The document discusses the concept of functions and relations, emphasizing that a function assigns a unique element in set B to each element in set A. It provides examples to illustrate when a relation is a function and when it is not, highlighting the conditions for injective and surjective functions. Additionally, it touches on the concepts of domain and range in relation to functions.

Uploaded by

ishaan0643.be21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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- Dr.

Tania Bose
- Associate Professor,
- Department of Applied Sciences
• f is relation with the following special property-
If f(a) = b and f(a) = c then b = c

This condition implies that to each element


a ∈ A, a unique element b ∈ B should be assigned by relation f.

Example:
Let A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {p, q, r}
And f = {(1, p), (2, q), (3, r)}
i.e. f(1) = p, f(2) = q and f(3) = r.

Thus, f is a function, since each element is mapped to a unique element.


Every function is a relation, but every relation can not be a function.

Example:
R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2)} is a relation but not a
function.

∵ 𝑓 1 = 2, 𝑓 1 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 ≠ 3.
Let A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {1, 2, 3}. Determine whether the relation R from
A to B is a function.

R = {(a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 1), (d, 2)}

R (a) = 1
R (b) = 2
R (c) = 1
R (d) = 2

Clearly, R is a function.
Let A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {1, 2, 3}. Determine whether the relation R from
A to B is a function.

R = {(a, 1), (b, 2), (a, 2), (c, 1), (d, 2)}

R (a) = 1
R (b) = 2
R(a) = 2
R(c) = 1
R(d) = 2

Clearly, R is not a function.


Let A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {1, 2, 3}. Determine whether the relation R from
A to B is a function.

R = {(a, 3), (b, 2), (c, 1)}

R (a) = 3
R (b) = 2
R(c) = 1

Clearly, R is not a function.


Co-Domain
One – One function is also called Injective Function
2. {(1, a), (2, b), (3, c)}
Surjective Function Not a Surjective Function
Which of them is a surjective function?

Not a Surjective Function Surjective Function


Injective Surjective Injective
Not Surjective Not Injective and Surjective
Domain
Range

∞
Domain Range
Domain Range

All reals
Domain Range

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