Numbers

We use numbers in our day to day life. They are often called numerals. Without numbers, we cannot do
counting of things, date, time, money, etc. Sometimes these numbers are used for measurement and sometimes
they are used for labelling. The properties of numbers make them capable of performing arithmetic operations on
them. These numbers are expressed in numeric forms and also in words. For example, 2 is written as two in words,
25 is written as twenty-five in words, etc.

A number is an arithmetic value used for representing the quantity and used in making calculations. A
written symbol like “3” which represents a number is known as numerals. A number system is a writing system for
denoting numbers using digits or symbols in a logical manner. The numeral system:

We use the digits from 0 to 9 to form all other numbers.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

With the help of these digits, we can create infinite numbers.

For example, 12, 3456, 1298, etc.

Types of Numbers

1. Natural Numbers: Natural numbers are known as counting numbers that contain the positive integers from 1 to
infinity. The set of natural numbers is denoted as “N” and it includes N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……….}
2. Whole Numbers: Whole numbers are known as non-negative integers and it does not include any fractional or
decimal part. It is denoted as “W” and the set of whole numbers includes W = {0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……….}
3. Integers: Integers are the set of all whole numbers but it includes a negative set of natural numbers also. “Z”
represents integers and the set of integers are Z = { -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
4. Real Numbers: All the positive and negative integers, fractional and decimal numbers without imaginary
numbers are called real numbers. It is represented by the symbol “R”.
5. Rational Numbers: Any number that can be written as a ratio of one number over another number is written as
rational numbers. This means that any number that can be written in the form of p/q. The symbol “Q” represents
the rational number.
6. Irrational Numbers: The number that cannot be expressed as the ratio of one over another is known as irrational
numbers and it is represented by the symbol ”P”.
7. Complex Numbers: The number that can be written in the form of a+bi where “a and b” are the real number and
“i” is an imaginary number is known as complex numbers “C”.
8. Imaginary Numbers: The imaginary numbers are the complex numbers that can be written in the form of the
product of a real number and the imaginary unit “i”
9. Even Numbers: The numbers which are exactly divisible by 2, are called even numbers. These can be positive or
negative integers such as -42, -36, -12, 2, 4, 8 and so on.
10. Odd Numbers: The numbers which are not exactly divisible by 2, are called odd numbers. These can be both
positive and negative integers such as -3, -15, 7, 9, 17, 25 and so on.
11. Prime Numbers: Prime numbers are the numbers that have two factors only. (i.e.,) 1 and the number itself. In
other words, the number which is divided by 1 and the number itself is called prime numbers. For example, 2, 3,
5, 7, 11, etc.
12. Composite Numbers: A composite number is a number that has more than two factors. For example, 4 is a
composite number, as the number 4 is divisible by 1, 2, and 4. Other examples of composite numbers are 6, 8, 9,
10, and so on.
13. The number “1” is neither prime nor composite.
14. Cardinal Numbers: Cardinal number defines how many of something are there in a list, such as one, five, ten, etc.
15. Ordinal Numbers: Ordinal numbers explain the position of something in a list, such as first, second, third, fourth,
and so on.
Addition
We use addition to solve many real-world situations. Addition is simply the mathematical terms used to
describe “combining”. When we add, we are combining, or increasing.
The symbol we use for addition is +
The answer to an addition problem is called the sum
Subtraction
We use subtraction to solve many real-world situations. Subtraction is simply the mathematical terms used
to describe “taking away.” When we subtract, we are taking away, or decreasing.
The symbol we use for addition is –
The answer to a subtraction problem is called the difference
Multiplication
The function of multiplication is to represent multiple groups of a certain value.
The symbol we use for multiplication is X
The answer to a multiplication problem is called the product.
Division
The function of Division is representing to show the separating or subdividing of a value into smaller groups.
The symbol we use for multiplication is ÷ or /
The answer to a division problem is called the quotient.

Order of Operations

BODMAS is an acronym which tells us the correct order in which we should carry out mathematical operations:
Brackets, Order, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction

Addition Questions
1. Find the sum of 1564 and 36789.
2. 236 + 465
3. 1678 + 520
4. 305 + 698
5. 340 + 829
6. How much should be added to 6745 to get 10,000?
7. Aman daily travels 2 km by auto rickshaw 3 km by bus and walks the rest 650m to reach his school. How
much distance does he daily cover to reach school?
8. What is the sum of 450 and 15 less than 50?
9. Add 23.78 and 6.927.
10. If there are 52 students in section A, 55 students in section B and 58 students in section C of a class in a
school. Find the total number of students in that class.
11. A tailor requires 3 metres of cloth to make a shirt and 4.5 metres of cloth to make a pant. Find the total
length of cloth required to stitch 2 shirts and one pant.
12. Evaluate 1298 + 6936 + 4590.
13. Amina goes to market and buys groceries for ₹ 2300, stationeries for ₹ 550 and had a milkshake for ₹ 200.
How much did she spend in total?
14. Calculate: 12.56 + 54.72 + 81.63
15. Evaluate: 23/4 + 12/5 + 1/3

Subtraction Questions
1. Evaluate the following: 23 – 9, 89 – 67, 7 – 5, 65 – 34
2. Subtract the following: 289 from 340, 196 from 762, 20 from 786
3. Evaluate the following: – 234 + 120, 90 – ( – 30), 378 + ( – 38), 1001 – 120 + 100, 33/2 – 15/2, 4/3 –
5/3 + 8/3, 6/5 + 9/2 – 14/5
4. Take away the sum of 120 and 38 from 250.
5. Twice the difference of 230 and 67.
6. x equals to 5 less than three times 32.
7. A deduction of ₹ 300 from the bill of ₹ 650.
8. 628 + ___ = 1000
 9. 87 – ___ + 21 = 93

10. ___ – 100 = 283

11. 94 + ___ – 45 = 107

12. 2__65 – __5 = 2770

13. 8__8 – __2__ = 757

14. 1__9__ – 7__5 = 573

15. A shopkeeper buys a washing machine for ₹ 20,000, and then he sells that washing machine for ₹ 25,000.
How much profit did the shopkeeper made?
16. Monthly salary of Rita is ₹ 30,000. In June she spent ₹ 20,000 and in July she spent ₹ 15,000. How much she
saved in these two months?
17. A tank contains 500 litres of water. There is a small hole in the tank through which the water is leaking. If per
hour 1-litre water leaks. How much water is left inside the tank after 5 hours?
18. Find the number which is, when subtracted from 2980, results in the smallest 4-digit number.
19. 87.78 – 45.2
20. 3765 – 234.90

Multiplication and Division Questions

1. If the cost of one vehicle is Rs. 35,780, then what will be the cost of 100 vehicles?
2. Find the number of apples that can be packed in 175 boxes, if a box contains 276 apples.
3. Find the yearly production of toys, if a factory manufactures 5,376 toys in a month.
4. Find the amount of money a group of women possess, if they have 715 notes with Rs. 500 denomination.
5. The weight of a luggage bag is 55 kg. Then find the weight of 1000 such luggage bags.
6. Find the quotient and remainder if 4050 is divided by 3.
7. Find the missing number: ____ ÷ 10 = 13.
8. Determine the cost of each cycle, if the cost of 15 cycles is worth Rs. 24,405.
9. The result obtained through the multiplication of two numbers is 4131. If one number is 27, then find the
other number.
10. The yearly income of Leena is Rs. 98,364. Determine her monthly income if she receives an equal amount
every month.
11. 242 x 34