BlockChain_Techology_ch_1 :

- blockchain technology is one of the grestest innovation.

- blockchain based application are fast and can be used in financial service, education system, healthcare, IOT, & may
more.
- Blockchai is a pear-topear distributed ledger that permanently record transcation .
Block : a block ca be a file that contain all information about transaction.
Chain : a chain arrage the block in liner sequence.

Clint Server System :

- clint server system is architecture of distributed application in
which most of the resources and service consumed by user
- the server is responsible for offering service to the clint.
- the server provide services like, storage , data processing.
- clint are indvisual entites which are connected in a etwork.
- clint sent a reqwest to the server and server respond
accordingly.
- the server is most powerfull then clint.
- now a days most of websites use clint server architecture.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Systems :

- Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Systems system is an architecture that work equally to all the system or nodes.
- pear-to-pear system I sinter-connected system I which they are capable of shearing resources and
information.
- P2P system ca be used in Blockchain Technology, transportion service, education e-commers, baking &
finance.
- P2P system can refers to the decentralized architecture.
- in P2P system there is no central control to serve the requwest.
- in The peer-to-peer architecture of Blockchain allows all crnto-currencies to be trasfered all over word.
Advantages- P2P system can be easily install.
- it cost is less.

BLOCKCHAIN vs DATABASE :

BlockChain : DataBase :

- a blockchain is chain of block which contain iformation. - a database is collection of related data.
- a blockchain store information I block data structure. - its store data in form of table (row,column).
- a blockchain is a P2P decentralized layer. - database is cetrlized layer.
- blockchain use P2P distributed system. - database use clint-server system.
- blockchain use reed and write operation. - it support create, reed, delete, update operation.
- blockchain are hard to implement. - database is easy to implement.
- blockchain is slower. - database is extremely faster.
- blockchain is decentralized in nature - database is centralized I nature.
- every blockchain may be consider database. - every databse can not considred as blockchain

Why We Need Blockchain :

- automated operation , open source technology, secure, distributed architecture , flexible.
Structure Of Blockchain technology.
- a blockchain is a comprised chain of block.
- blocks are the basic unit of blocks.
- a block is a basic data structure in a blockchain for transaction control.
- in the blockchain there contain a block header which verifies the validy of block.
And metadata which describe the block.
- A None is a radom number use to solve mathmaticle puzzle.
- Dificulty in a block that messure degree of deficulty to find a hash value for given
value.
- A Timestamp in a block is a sequence of character identifie when a certain event
occur
- A hash or hash value is the result of the hash funciton , A hash function take input
of any length
- A markle tree is also known as the hash tree. It encode the blockchain data in an
secure manner.

Blockchain Generation :
First Generation of blockchain : Bitcoin
- in first geeration of blockchain bitcoin was created which are digital currecy.
- bitcoin is first real use of blockchain technology and it main purpose if fiantial application.
- any user can send bill , digital money with hight security of transaction.
- bitcoin and blockchain both have stron g privacy.
Second Generation Of Blockchain : Ethereum
- In first generation of blockchain allow send, recive and trade the transaction
- Ethereum can conduct two things ie.inovation of smart contras .
- A smart contras offers the faster , more secure way of executing arguments .
Ethereum is actually behave less like a cryptocurecy .
Types of Blockchain :
1 Public Blockchain :
- A public Blockchain is a permissionless ledger technology where any one can join and do their transaction.
- every one can access the public blockchain,
- in public blockchain the verification of transaction is done by arrengment method ie. Proof-of-work (Pow),
Proof-of-stake (Pos).
- public blockchain are basically used for mining and exchanging cryptocurrency.
- public blockchain are more secure.
- Example : Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin.
- Advantage : anyone can join public blockchain, it bring trust, not requires intermediaries to work,
- Disadvantages : less scalability.
2 . Private Blockchain :
- private blockchain is limiting permission blockchain.
- private blockchain are generally use within a compaies and enterprises.
- private blockchain are similar in use as a public blockchain, but private blockchain has a smoll network because private
blockchain have authorizations.
- private blockchain are developed for votig, supply management, digital identity.
- Advantages : private blockchain is fast, more scable.
- Disadvatages : private blockchain are not truly decentralized.
3. COsortium blockchain :
4 . Hybride Blockchain :
- hybride blockchain is a combination of the private blockchain and public blockchain.
- hybride blockchain use features of both blockchains.
- hybride blockchain system is flexible.
- Example : Dragonchain, Xin Fin’s Hybride Blockchain.
**Challenges Of Blockchain :
Scalability :
- blockchain have large number of user on the etwork.there is
need of icrease capacity of the blockchain.
Public preceptio :
- preciption,blockchain holds in the eyes of people .
Security :
- the blockchain maintain confidatly to protect user from hackers .it provide privacy.
Cost :
- the blockchain technology does not come free.
- to Valid Transaction bitcoin uses the Proof-Of-Work (Pow) system.
Privacy :
- the bitcoin blockchain is designed to be publicaly visible.

Application of blockchain :
Banking, cloud storage, votig, supply chain management, cryptocurrency, healthcare, smart cotracts, Iot, digital identity
maagment.

Layerd architecture of blockchain :

Application and presentation layer, Consessun layer, Network layer, Data layer, Hardware/infrastructure layer

Components of blockchain :
1 . node application :
- a ode application specify that every computer coected to the internate.
- example of node application is bitcoin wallet application and bakchain application.
- node application not free from any restriction.
2 . distributed ledger. :
- the distributed ledger means the shared database.
- the shared ledger list the guidelines that need to be followed.
3 . Cosensus Algorithm .
- consensus algorithm is one of the major componend of blockchain system.
- the consensus algorithm provide stability and security to the data in the blockchain.
- it represent the status of the network.
- Core Component of blockchain :
- transaction, block, chain, node, consensus , miners.

* Symmetric key cryptography :

- symmetric key cryptography is a simple from of cryptography which use sigle key to icrept ad decrept the data.
- this key can incrept the data which can safely sent the network.
- to decrypt the data the reciver needs the key
* Asymmetric key Gryptography :
- asymmetric cryptography also known as public-key cryptography.
- public cryptography use the key in pair, public, and private key.
*Digital signature :
- digital signature is an initial generated block in blockchain.
- digital signature encrypt the signed doucuments.
- digital signature is geerated using symmetric cryptography.
*Smart Contras :
- smart contras use to exchange cash, property , shares,
- smart contras is a translation of arrengment .
- smart cotras are self executiong contras containing terms and coditions of an aggrement
- smart cotras executes o etheruem blockchain decentralization.
Advantages : it is fast, low cost, high security.
Application : insurance , copy righted content, trasportions, employmet contracts .