Topic for Grade 8 EOY

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ANALYZATION OF EACH TOPIC

The following topics are Most likely under MCQ Section
and True and False
*Rules in the computer lab* - You should know this!!!!

KEYBOARD

(Special keys, Alpha-numeric keys, function keys, navigation keys)

1. Function Keys (F1-F12)

2. Numeric Keys
3. Navigation Keys (Up,down)
4. Alphanumeric keys (A-Z, <?<)

The mouse

(Mechanical - Has a round ball on the backside)

(Optical - modern, has a sensor on the backside)

SHORTCUT KEYS - KNOW EXAMPLES

(Ctrl+C) - Copy

(Ctrl+V) - Past

(Ctrl+N) - Open new tab

(Ctrl+U) - Underline Text

(Ctrl+B) - Bold text

Computer Ethics
Netiquette - A set of rules that you can follow for good behavior when browsing online.

Plagiarism - Using work and claiming it as your own.

Intellectual Property rights - (It entails two things, Copyright - The rights an
inventor/creator legally has over his/her work and Industrial property)

Copyright - A legal term used to describe the rights creators have over their work.

Citing online and offline sources (Basic information to know incase it is

under short answer.

*APA STYLE IS THE MOST COMMON*

- MLA (Modern Language Association) Format

- APA (American Physiological Association)

In-text APA citations look like this: (Birbal, 2018) or (2018, Brown)
OPERATIONS OF THE MOUSE - Double-clicking (rapid hold and release), drag
and drop (holding the mouse button and moving the cursor then releasing it),
mouse wheel (used for zooming and vertical scrolling)

On a laptop, instead of getting a mouse, you get a trackpad.

The trackpad is an alternative way to do similar things the mouse can do
such as:

- move the cursor around the screen

- select and open applications or programs
- highlight text
- interact with web browsers
- Play games and more.

RECAP

What are the types of keys found on a keyboard?

List some shortcut keys.
How many types of mouses are there and what are they?
ALL ABOUT ERGONOMICS
Health issues caused by the computer

1. RSI - Repetitive Strain Injury

THE types of RSI include Tendonitis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

2. CVS - Computer Vision Syndrome

Caused by looking at the screen for a long period of time.

3. Lower back pain

Caused by bad posture or incorrectly assembled furniture.

ALL ABOUT COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS - Most likely Short
and, McQ and True or False

KEY TERMS - FOCUS HERE

Computer - A programmable electronic device that processes data by following

instructions.

Desktop - The screen/display of the computer.

Computer System - The complete computer, involving all hardware and software
required for the complete functioning of the computer.

Data - All the raw facts that a computer processes following a program (set of
instructions)

Information - Data that has been processed and given meaning.

Hardware - The physical components of a computer system.

Software - A set of instructions (program) that a computer needs to perform its tasks.

Input - What is put into the computer such as data

Output - The information produced by a computer after processing input. Output can
be printed, scanned, or saved on a hard drive.

Processing - The process of taking raw data and transforming it into information.

Peripherals - Hardware devices that are not essential to a computer’s functions.

CPU - The brain of the computer where most processing takes place

System Unit - What holds the CPU and other hardware components.
*The peripheral devices are: keyboards, printers, speakers, mice, hard
drives.*

NOTE:

1. Input - This is what goes into the computer. Input devices that carry out this
action include keyboard, mice, scanners and joysticks.

2. Processing - Processing takes place in the main part of the CPU.

(Central Processing Unit which is found in the system unit - the big box you might
see beside a desktop)

THE CPU IS MADE UP OF TWO PARTS

1: Arithmetic and logical unit

2: Control Unit

3. Storage:

Storage includes external devices such as: Hard disk, Sd Card, Magnetic Card, SSD
Card (Solid-State Drive)

It can also be internal which include:

The memory.

ROM - READ ONLY MEMORY

RAM - RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

 4. Output

After the data has been processed and given meaning, the RESULT is called
information. Output comes in aspect because it is how information can be shown.

PRINTERS, SPEAKERS, MONITOR are output devices.

ALL ABOUT OPERATING SYSTEMS

What is booting?

Booting is an operator performed automatically when a computer is turned on.

TYPES OF BOOTING:

1. Cold or HARD Booting: This is when the computer is started from a fully
powerless state.

2. Warm booting: This is when the computer is started but it was not fully shut
down. In this case, your opened files would still be there.

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:

An operating system is software that makes the computer work.

Examples: Windows, Android, IOS, Linux, Microsoft Windows, Mac-Os

GUI - GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE ( jus know this )

- USED BY MODERN COMPUTERS

- ALLOWS YOU TO CLICK ICONS WITH YOUR MOUSE
ALL ABOUT MICROSOFT WORD AND PROCESSORS

1. WORD PROCESSORS
A word processor is a software program designed to allow user to manipulate and
design text.

Examples: Microsoft Word, Pages, Google Docs, I-work

TEXT FORMATTING IN MICROSOFT WORD

ALL ABOUT DATA COMMUNICATION

WHAT IS DATA COMMUNICATION?

This is the transmission of data from one location to another.

1. CONTEXT: The sender chooses the message to communicate.

2. MESSAGE: This is the data or information that is to be communicated.
3. SENDER: This is a device that sends the message (example: phone,
pc)
4. RECEIVER: This is the device that receives the message. It can be
another computer or phone.
5. CHANNEL OR MEDIUM: This is the path that connects the sender and
receiver, used to transmit data.

Examples: Twisted-pair wire, radio waves

6. ENCODER AND DECODER: The encoder is a device that converts

digital signals into the form that can be transmitted through the
medium. The decoder is a device that converts the encoded signals
into digital form.
KEY TERMS IN DATA COMMUNICATION

1. Servers: The main computer that contains all business files and programs.
2. Clients: A computer used to gain access to the network.
3. Switch: Used to connect multiple computers to facilitate communication.
4. Modem: A device that can carry out the Encoder and Decoder process.
5. Router: Used when you want to share a single network among multiple
computers.
6. Lan Cable: Used to connect computers using their Network Interface Card
7. Network Interface Card: Found on the computer so that a Lan cable can be
used to connect the computers to the main network.
8. Twisted Pair: Used to connect computers in a LAN network.
ALL ABOUT NETWORKS

1. LAN - This stands for Local Area Network.

Found in areas such as an office department or a highschool campus.

2. Man - This stands for Metropolitan Area Network.

Found in areas that are larger than a LAN network but smaller than a WAN
Network.

3. Pan - This stands for Personal Area Network. It is the smallest network out
of all and is normally used in home environments.

4. Wan - This stands for Wide Area Network. These are mainly used by
universities however it is the largest network and can spread across
areas such as states or countries.

‘
ALL ABOUT THE INTERNET
The internet has no owner or founder. In order to connect to the internet, you need:

- a computer like a smartphone or a personal computer

- a modem.
- An internet service provider (ISP)

ADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET

- The internet can be used to communicate with others via emails or text
messages.
- You have access to unlimited inorganic resources and information that is free.
- Tasks such as booking a flight and buying a ticket are done easier online.
- The internet is easily accessible to anyone, you do not need to have an account
to use the internet.

DISADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET

- Some information can be edited by any random person.

- Random links can give you viruses easily.
- There is so much information, making the amount of specified details less, so
when you search for information you might not get the information you are
looking for.
KEY TERMS

1. ISP - Internet service provider. This is a company that provides your home or
workplace with internet services. Examples: FLOW AND DIGICEL.
2. WWW - The WorldWide Web. This is a large part of the internet. It is a global
connection of different hypermedia and hypertext.
3. Hypermedia - A general name used for documents that contain likes to text,
videos, sounds, graphics or files.
4. Hypertext - A specific method used by the WWW to allow computer to
communicate with each other.