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Tutorial On DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) in UDS

The document provides a tutorial on Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) within the Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) protocol used in the automotive industry. It explains the structure of DTCs, UDS services for handling them, and practical workflows for diagnosing issues using DTCs. Additionally, it covers DTC storage, management in ECU memory, and important considerations for compliance and security access.

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Sushant Vanve
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110 views10 pages

Tutorial On DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) in UDS

The document provides a tutorial on Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) within the Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) protocol used in the automotive industry. It explains the structure of DTCs, UDS services for handling them, and practical workflows for diagnosing issues using DTCs. Additionally, it covers DTC storage, management in ECU memory, and important considerations for compliance and security access.

Uploaded by

Sushant Vanve
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial on DTC

(Diagnostic Trouble
Code) in UDS

The Unified Diagnostic Services


(UDS) is a communication protocol
used in the automotive industry for
diagnostics, testing, and
troubleshooting vehicle systems. It
is standardized as ISO 14229 and is
widely implemented over CAN,
LIN, FlexRay, and Ethernet.
DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) in UDS

01. What are DTCs?


DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) is a standardized code that
represents specific faults detected by the ECU (Electronic
Control Unit). These codes allow technicians or diagnostic
systems to identify and fix issues. Each DTC consists of a five-
character alphanumeric code, structured as follows:

Structure of a DTC Code:

Example: P0301
02. UDS Services for Handling DTCs
The UDS protocol provides several diagnostic services to work
with DTCs. Below is an explanation of the commonly used
services:

1. Read DTC Information (0x19)

The 0x19 service allows you to retrieve information about


stored, pending, or historical DTCs. This service is used in
multiple sub-functions, depending on the information
required.

Common Sub-Functions:
0x01: Report the number of DTCs by status mask
0x02: Report DTCs by status mask
0x04: Report supported DTCs
0x06: Report DTC snapshot data
0x0A: Report DTC extended data record

Example Frame for Reading DTCs:


Request: 19 02 FF (Read all DTCs with any status mask)
Response: 59 02 03 FF 10 00 11 01
59 02: Positive response to service 0x19.
03: Number of DTCs.
FF1000: First DTC reported (Category: Network
issue).
2. Clear DTC (0x14)

The 0x14 service clears stored DTCs from the ECU memory.

Example Frame for Clearing DTCs:


Request: 14 FF FF FF (Clear all DTCs)
Response: 54 (Positive response indicating success).

3. Control DTC Setting (0x85)

This service allows for the enabling or disabling of DTC


recording in the ECU. It is used for scenarios such as emission
testing, where you temporarily want to avoid logging
irrelevant DTCs.

Example Frame for Controlling DTC Settings:


Request: 85 01 (Enable DTC recording)
Response: C5 01 (Positive response).
DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) in UDS

03. DTC Status Byte


The status byte indicates the condition of a DTC. It contains
information about whether the fault is present, confirmed, or
has triggered MIL (Malfunction Indicator Lamp).
04. Practical Workflow for Diagnosing DTCs
Using UDS
Connect to the ECU: Use diagnostic tools or software that
supports UDS (e.g., CANoe, CANalyzer, or a custom tool).
Read DTCs: Send a 0x19 request to identify existing fault
codes.
Analyze the Status Byte: Understand the fault severity and
history.
Fix the Issue: Perform the necessary repairs or calibrations.
Clear DTCs: Use 0x14 to clear the DTCs from memory.
Validate Repairs: Run the system to ensure no new DTCs
are generated.

05. Use Case Examples


Scenario 1: A technician diagnoses a vehicle where the MIL is
ON. Send 19 02 FF to retrieve DTCs. If DTC P0301 (Cylinder
1 Misfire) is retrieved, inspect the cylinder for issues like
ignition or fuel delivery. Once fixed, clear the DTC using 0x14.

Scenario 2: A developer is testing an ECU and wants to disable


DTC logging during a test cycle. Send 85 02 (Disable DTC
Recording). Conduct tests. Re-enable logging using 85 01.
DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) in UDS

06. Important Notes


Diagnostic Sessions: Ensure that the ECU is in the correct
diagnostic session (e.g., Extended Session 0x03) to access
DTC services.
Security Access: Some DTC-related operations might
require authentication via the Security Access service
(0x27).
Compliance: Always adhere to ISO 14229 when
implementing UDS-based DTC handling.

This is a foundational understanding of handling DTCs in


UDS. Let me know if you need examples of DTC code
analysis or implementation using tools like Python or CANoe!
DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) in UDS

07. Where are DTCs Stored?

DTCs are stored in the non-volatile memory (NVM) of an


ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The non-volatile memory
ensures that DTCs are retained even when the vehicle is
powered off, allowing technicians to access diagnostic
information later.
DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) in UDS

08. How Are DTCs Managed in ECU Memory?


DTC Generation:
When the ECU detects a fault condition (e.g., a signal is
out of range), it generates a DTC.
Along with the code, associated data (e.g., timestamp,
operating conditions, status byte) is stored.

DTC Status Updates:


When a fault is no longer detected, the ECU may update
the status of the DTC (e.g., from active to passive) but
keep it stored until manually cleared.

Clearing DTCs:
The Clear Diagnostic Information (0x14) service erases
DTCs from non-volatile memory, resetting the stored fault
codes.

Snapshot and Extended Data:


DTCs often include snapshot data (e.g., vehicle speed,
engine load, temperature at the time of the fault) and
extended data records (e.g., fault frequency, fault age),
also stored in memory for detailed analysis.
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Chetan Shidling
@chetan_shidling_ Save

www.cselectricalandelectronics.com

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