Faculty of Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course : Diploma in Mechanical Engineering D3MCHE

Subject : Electrotechnology 2 (ELC 260S)

Evaluation: Final Test, Semester 2, 2021

Date : November 2021

Time : 3 Hours = 180 Min

Marks : 85 Marks = 100 %

Examiner : S. Saal

Moderator : V. Cain

Instructions : 1. Answer all questions

2. Pocket calculators may be used
3. Clearly show your work
4. You are NOT allowed to help another student, try to get help or
communicate with another student
5. You may NOT have any book(s), notes, documents, or other papers,
which may be of help during the test in your possession

1
QUESTION 1
Use Norton’s theorem to find the potential difference across the 2 Ω resistor in the network
shown below. (7)

Confirm your answer using an alternative method (theorem) (7)

[14]

QUESTION 2

A small factory has a number of motors and furnaces. This factory operates 22 days per month. The
following devices contribute to the electrical bill of this factory:
• Three motors, with an average efficiency of 78 % are used with a rotational frequency of
1450 r/min and a torque of 185 N.m. These motors are used for 12 hours per day.
• Five furnaces have to heat 525 kg of aluminium each, with a specific heat capacity of 950
/kg.K, by 75 °C, per hour. Each of these furnaces are operated for 9 hours per day.
• Miscellaneous loads contribute another 40% to the previous total.
Assume that all equipment is ‘on’ together and calculate the monthly electrical bill for this factory if
it pays R57 for maximum demand and 12c per unit. [9]

QUESTION 3

3.1 A factory receives a single phase, 50 Hz, 240 V alternating current supply. The electrical loads of
the factory consist of three main circuits. Circuit one consists of a 50 Ω load. Circuit two consists of a
0.08 H coil with an internal resistance of 40 Ω. Circuit three has a total resistance and capacitance of 5Ω
and 80 F respectively. Sketch the plant in block diagram form. Determine the:

2
 a. Current taken by each circuit, (3)
b. Total current taken from the supply, (1)
c. True-, reactive-and apparent power taken by the plant (3)
d. Single impedance that is equal to the total load and for such an impedance the value of the
resistance and reactance. (3)
[10]

3.2 Each phase of a three-phase, delta connected motor has a resistance of 15 Ω and an inductance of
0.02H. the motor has an efficiency of 77 %. It is supplied by a star-connected alternator having a phase
voltage of 220 V at 50 Hz.
a. Draw a complete circuit diagram.
b. Calculate the motor phase currents and motor output power.
c. Calculate the total capacitance required to improve the power factor to unity.
(9)

QUESTION 4

The instantaneous values of the applied voltage and the corresponding current for an alternating
circuit can be computed by the following waveforms:
e = 210 sin (377t - π/12) and
8,81 = I sin (377t – π/3) (measured at t = 6 ms)

Determine:
a) The frequency (1)
b) The phase angle, in degrees, (1)
c) The value of the voltage 6 ms after zero, (1)
d) The maximum induced current, (1)
e) The r.m.s.-value of the voltage and average current, (2)
f) The impedance, resistance and reactance of the circuit (3)
g) Whether it is an inductive – or capacitive circuit (1)
h) The time taken for the current to reach 6 A for the first time, (2)
i) The time taken to reach -100 V for the second time. (4)
[15]

3
QUESTION 5

A 500 V, six-pole, 50 Hz, three-phase induction motor develops 19.25 kW, when running at 945 r/min.
the power factor is 0.9 lagging. If the windage losses are 450W, calculate:
a. The slip, (2)
b. The rotor copper losses, (2)
c. The power input if the stator losses are 1.15 kW, (2)
d. The line current and, (1)
e. The frequency of the rotor e.m.f. (1)
[8]

QUESTION 6
6.1 Two transformers are arranged as shown below (figure 1) and the power cord is “plugged” into a
120V AC voltage source. The number of turns N2 is twice as large as the number of turns N1. If 1 Amp
of current is measured in the intermediate wire (the wire containing N2 turns), what is the current
through the light-bulb?
a. 1/4
b. 1/2
c. 1
d. 2
e. 4
Figure 1
[2]

6.2 After the switch (figure 2) has been closed for a very long time, the potential difference, V C, across
the capacitor is [2]
a. VC = V
b. VC = V. (R1/R2)
c. VC = V. (R2/R1).
 R1 
d. VC = V.  
 R1 + R 2 
 R2 
e. VC = V.  
 R1 + R 2 
Figure 2

4
6.3 The switch in the circuit below (figure 3) has been opened a very long time. What is the current
through resistorR2 immediately after the switch is closed? [2]
a. V / R1
 R + R2 
b. V.  1 
 R 1 .R 2 
c. V / (R1 + R2)
d. V / R2
e. 0

Figure 3

6.4 Two resistors and an inductor are connected across an AC voltage source as shown below. As the
frequency of the AC voltage source increases, the RMS current in the resistor labeled R2

a. increases.
b. remains the same.
c. decreases.

Figure 4
[2]

QUESTION 7

7.1 A delta/star transformer is supplied with 220 V. It has 350 turns on the primary. The secondary phase
voltage and current is 380 V and 75 A respectively. The load causes a power factor of 0,9 lagging.
Calculate the primary and secondary line voltage and current. (8)

7.2 The open circuit and short circuit tests of a transformer show 145 W and 125 W respectively. The
primary voltage is 380 V when it has a current of 35 A and power factor of 0,8. Find the full load
efficiency and also the efficiency under 30% load conditions. (4)
[12]

5
 FORMULAE

 = 2f
X L = 2fL
1
Xc =
2fC
Q
C= Star connected power factor correction
V 2F
L
2

Q
C= Delta connected power factor correction
3VL2 2F
NS
fs = p ;
60
N − NR
S= S ;
NS
f
S= R;
fS
PCuR = S .PS ;
PR = (1 − S ).PS
Q
C= 2 Single phase system;
V 2F
Q
C= Three phase system
3V 2 2F
full load apparent power  pf S  pf
= =
full load apparent power  pf + Pi + Pc S  pf + Pi + Pc

n  full load apparent power  pf n  S  pf

= =
n  full load apparent power  pf  Pi  n  Pc n  S  pf + Pi + n 2  Pc
2

END