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Children's Typical and Atypical Development: A Case Study

A Case Study Paper Presented to

The Faculty of the Bachelor of Secondary Education

Eduardo L. Joson Memorial College

Palayan City

In Partial Fulfillment of

The Requirements in

Foundation of Special & Inclusive Education

Researchers:

Bernadette A. Dagohoy

Danilo D. Balabag Jr.

Aldrian M. Artuz

Roseann O. Agno

Angel A. Turay

October, 2020

Mrs. Jeremy B. Pascua

Instructor
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Acknowledgement

Instructor – The researchers wish to thank their instructor, Mrs.

Jeremy B. Pascua, who has guided attentively and unobtrusively
al1 along, allowing them to freely pursue the researchers
intellectual interests.

Respondents parents - The respondent's parent who help researcher

to facilitate their child during observation and also participate
when the researcher needs some information about their child's
capability.

Researcher's parents – Who are always as close as they possibly

can when the need arises. The researcher will never thank enough.
They are grateful that they have that family who were whole
heartedly support the researchers during and all the time of the
process of creating this paper. Thanks for the full financially
support.

Respondent - Who give great contribution to finish the study and

to help researcher to find out their development status.

Almighty God – First and foremost, I would like to praise and

thank God, the almighty, who has granted countless blessing,
knowledge, and opportunity to the writer, so that we have been
finally able to accomplish the task actively.
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Dedication

This study entitled “Children’s Typical and Atypical Devel-

opment” is dedicated to the Teachers of Eduardo L. Joson Memorial
College.

This study is also dedicated to their instructor who gave

them endless support as they conducted this study, to their fam-
ily and friends for giving their love and care throughout the
conduct of the study.

Above all, this study is dedicated to the ultimate source of

wisdom and knowledge - Almighty God, who never get tired for en-
couraging and keep the researcher strong through-out the process.

Table of Contents
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Chapter I:

 Introduction.........................................5
 Objectives of the study..............................6
 Significance of the study............................7
 Definition of terms..................................7

Chapter II:

 Research Methodology.................................9

Chapter III:

 Presentation of data................................11
 Analysis of data.................................11-12

Chapter IV:

 Summary of
Findings.........................................13-14
 Conclusion..........................................14

Appendices:

 Checklist used...................................15-17
 Documentation.......................................18
 Curriculum vitae....................................19

Chapter I

Introduction
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Some children exhibit behaviors that fall outside of the

normal, or expected, range of development. These behaviors emerge
in a way or at a pace that is different from their peers. Chil-
dren have so many ways in which they need to develop: language
skills, cognitive skills, social skills and physical skills.
Since each child develops at his own pace, with his own particu-
lar strengths and weaknesses, it can be challenging to determine
the difference between typical and atypical development in chil-
dren.

The early years of a child’s life are very important for his
or her health and development. Healthy development means that
children of all abilities, including those with special health
care needs, are able to grow up where their social, emotional and
educational needs are met. Having a safe and loving home and
spending time with family―playing, singing, reading, and
talking―are very important. Proper nutrition, exercise, and sleep
also can make a big difference.

Skills such as taking a first step, smiling for the first

time, and waving “bye-bye” are called developmental milestones.
Children reach milestones in how they play, learn, speak, behave,
and move (for example, crawling and walking).Children develop at
their own pace, so it’s impossible to tell exactly when a child
will learn a given skill. However, the developmental milestones
give a general idea of the changes to expect as a child gets
older. As a parent, you know your child best. If your child is
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not meeting the milestones for his or her age, or if you think
there could be a problem with your child’s development, talk with
your child’s doctor and share your concerns. Don’t wait.

In this study you may assess yourself whether what kind of

development you are included because knowing yourself is better
than knowing others. “Self awareness is important because when we
have a better understanding of ourselves, we are able to experi-
ence ourselves as unique and separate individuals. We are then
empowered to make changes and to build on our areas of strength
as well as identify areas where we would like to make improve-
ments.”

The researcher wants to conduct this study to show their

learning in the course of Educ3 and to test their knowledge about
development of how they will analyze if the development of the
child is typical or atypical. Additionally it will help the re-
searchers in the future because they are future educators that
will help them to recognize what is the development of the child
in and out of their classroom. Lastly to help the parents of the
child having with this kind of development to let them know how
the best and proper health care awareness that will apply to
their children.

Objectives of the study

The main objective of this case study is to identify and

analyze the respondents development if it is typical or atypical
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to give also a proper accommodation to the child with this kind

of development. Also to the parents of the child who is respons-
ible to take care of their children with the best and proper way
to help the researchers gets information because the parents of
the child is more knowledgeable person than the researchers.

Significance of the study

Thus study is to find out what is the development of the

child whether it is typical or atypical and by the special par-
ticular of the respondents and the parents of the respondents
will help the researchers to gain the information.

To the parents who is more knowledgeable person will be the

beneficial of this case study it gives the guidance and the in-
formation that the researchers wants to know.

To the respondents who also the beneficial of this case

study to cater their know.

To the researchers who also the beneficial of this case

study to use the information that they gathered in this study and
to use it for the future where they have encounter the child with
this kind of development.

Definition of Terms

Growth - The Process of increasing in physical size.

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Demographic components - Birth, death and migration are called

demographic component as well as the determining elements of pop-
ulation change because they affect the situation of population.

Atypical- Which is not typical of a particular species and does

not the usual pattern.

Typical - is a characteristic or behavior that is normal and ex-

pected for a given person or thing or in a given situation.

Respondents-a person who replies to something, especially one

supplying information for a survey or questionnaire or responding
to an advertisement.

Raisin - to move from a lower to a higher place or position.

Chapter II

Methodology
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This chapter describes method being used by researcher and

procedure in collecting gathered information. This chapter in-
clude, Research design, sample and sampling technique, Data gath-
ering procedure, Research Setting and Data analysis method.

Research Design

The researcher uses checklist as a method or design for col-

lecting data among respondents and observation, Interview also
from researcher to parent are viewed. The checklist are divided
into seven (7) domain this may include: gross and fine motor,
self-help, receptive and expressive language, cognitive and so-
cial-emotional.

Sample and sampling technique

The researcher used convenience sampling technique in this

study because this study is done during pandemic. The researcher
need to follow the Health protocols of social distancing for the
safety and conveniency of the researcher and respondents.

Data Gathering Procedure

In this case study, the checklist serve as a surveys for respond-

ent. It is a standard question that is about to the child's de-
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velopment. The checklist is divided into two parts, the socio-

demographic profile of respondents and the seven (7) domain. The
checklist include observation of what the child's succeed and
not. It also include interview to the parents of respondent be-
cause they completely know their child.

Research Setting

This study is conducted in the respective areas of each re-

searcher. Due to pandemic, they need to follow protocols. Each
researcher has two respondents being interviewed and observed. It
is conducted at Brgy. Sagana, Laur, Nueva Ecija, Blk. 11 Camp Ti-
nio, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Purok 3 Sitio Pintol, Laur,
Nueva Ecija, Brgy. Pob. Norte, Rizal, Nueva Ecija and Purok 3,
Aulo Palayan City, Nueva Ecija.

Research Analysis Method

This study is mostly represented in qualitative manner be-

cause its aimed is to recognize the development of the child
whether it is atypical or typical. The findings of data and the
interpretation is can be the basis of child's development. Also,
it is based on the checklist that researcher used and the re-
spondent number of succeed in each domain.
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Chapter III

Presentation and Analysis of data

The table below is the presentation of gathered data from the selected (10)
respondents being observed and based on their parents answer in
the interview that is the referred to the checklist used by the
researcher that can see in the appendices of this study. Each
table is consist of three (3) respondents according to their age
and each bracket has two sample. The raw score is the number of
respondents being succeed in the checklist and the scaled score
is based on the revised Philippines early childhood development
(ECD) checklist that is standardized and the sum of all scaled
score is computed for the researcher score based also to the ECD
checklist.
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TABLE 1.1

DOMAIN AGES

3YEARS 1 4 YEARS 5 YEARS

MOTH
RAW SCAL RAW SCALE RAW SCALE RAW SCALE RAW SCALED
SCO ED SCO D SCOR D SCOR D SCORE SCORE
RE SCOR RE SCORE E SCORE E SCORE
E
GROSS 11 10 13 11 11 11 7 4 11 4
FINE 10 12 11 12 8 10 6 5 9 8
SELF-HELP 20 6 20 11 18 9 16 2 13 2
RECEPTIVE 5 11 5 11 5 12 3 6 4 8

EXPRES- 8 11 8 11 8 13 7 8 7 5
SIVE
COGNITIVE 14 6 16 6 18 14 10 1 8 5
SOCIAL- 18 67 19 65 24 18 15 12 13 1
EMOTIONAL
SUM OF 92 89 38 38 29
SCALED
SCORE 86 92 122 5O 37

STANDAR
SCORE
DATE November November November November November 2020
TESTED 2020 2020 2020 2020
Presentation of data

TABLE 2.1

DOMAIN AGES

3YEARS 1 4B YEARS 5 YEARS

MOTH
RAW SCAL RAW SCALE RAW SCALE RAW SCALE RAW SCA
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SCO ED SCOR D SCORE D SCOR D SCORE SC

RE SCOR E SCORE SCORE E SCORE
E
GROSS 9 8 7 5 8 7 9 4 11 1
FINE 7 9 8 7 10 1 11 8 8 1
SELF-HELP 11 7 9 1 11 4 13 2 18
RECEPTIVE 3 3 4 9 3 2 4 8 5 1
EXPRESSIVE 5 6 6 5 5 2 7 5 8 1

COGNITIVE 10 2 14 5 10 2 8 1 18 1
SOCIAL- 11 11 8 7 16 5 13 1 24 1
EMOTIONAL

SUM OF 46 39 23 29 87
SCALED
SCORE 62 51 31 37 122

STANDAR
SCORE

DATE November November November November November 2

TESTED 2020 2020 2020 2020

ANALYSIS DATA

The table below show the interpretation of respondents de-

velopment or classification for the researcher easily locate
where the development does respondent being included. It is in-
terpreted using the scaled score that respondents being reach in
each seven (7) domain. The scaled score range 1-19 with a mean of
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ten (10) and standard deviation of three (3) and they interpreted
as follows:

Interpretation of scaled score:

Table 3.

Scaled score Interpretation

1-3 Suggest significant delay in
overall development.
4-6 Suggest slight delay in overall
development .
7-13 Average development.
14-16 Suggest slightly advance devel-
opment.
17-19 Suggest highly advance develop-
ment.

The table below show the interpretation of respondents de-

velopment by using the standard score that can see in the presen-
tation of data. This standard score is based on the total or sum
of all scaled score in the seven(7) domain and by using the given
equivalent of sum of scaled score in the revised Philippines ECD
checklist the researcher find it out. The standard score have a
mean of 100 and a standard deviation -+ 15 they are interpreted
as follow:

Interpretation of standard score:

Table 4

Standard score Interpretation

69 and below Suggest significant delay in
overall development.
70-79 Suggest slight delay in overall
development.
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80-119 Average development.

120-129 Suggest slightly advance devel-
opment.
130 and above Suggest highly advance develop-
ment.

Chapter IV

Summary and Conclusion

Summary of findings

 The respondent number (1) has a average development in Gross

and Fine motor, Self help, Receptive and Expressive language
, and has a slightly suggest advance development in social-
emotional. Lastly , average development.
 The respondent number (2) average development in Gross and
fine motor, self help, receptive and expressive language.
 The respondent number(3) suggest highly advance development
he can manage some of the domains . lastly he has suggest
highly advance in fine motor, self help but not at all.
 The respondent number (4) has average development in Gross
and Fine motor, self help, receptive and expressive lan-
guage, and has slightly suggest advance development in so-
cial-emotional. Lastly average development.
 The respondent number (5) suggest significant delay in over-
all development in social and self and suggest slightly de-
lay in expressive language.
 The respondent number (6) suggest significant delay in over-
all development in gross and fine, receptive, self help and
social emotional aspect. Lastly significant delay in overall
development.
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 The respondent number (7) suggest delay in over all develop-

ment receptive and self help so that lastly its suggested
delay in overall development.
 The respondent number (8) the child are suggest delay in
overall fine, sel-help expressive, cognitive and social emo-
tional.
 The respondent number (9) the child are suggest delay in
over all gross, fine, receptive, self help and expressive.
Lastly suggest delay in over all.
 The respondent number (10) the child are suggest delay in
over all Gross and self help, receptive and expressive lan-
guage, and has suggest delay in over all . lastly , has
fine, social emotional domain.

Conclusion

Development is rate to varies so every person has their own

development and we can not controlled it by our own unless there
are support and guide coming from the more knowledgeable other or
in environment. In the summarize findings above and the standard
score of every respondent in table 1 and 2 it shows that only the
respondent number four(4) has a suggest slight advance develop-
ment and has a typical development because the child is exposed
in the environment to gain knowledge and skills to the environ-
ment because the child begins in acquiring new knowledge in this
age. The rest of respondent are suggest significant delay in
overall development or has atypical development because of having
low score in the seven (7) domain based on their standard score.
They did not meet the average development means their development
is delayed and need to change their way of lifestyle because the
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five (5) respondents has different weaknesses in the seven (7)

domain because they stand out in specific domain but not in all.
Especially, the respondent number nine (9) who get the lowest
standard score thirty one (31) and that is very delayed and based
on the interview and observation that the researcher did they
find out that the child is always at the room with computer and
gadgets only. He did not expose to the environment because his
parent are always busy in work and not having a time to guide or
to bring around the child to gain new knowledge and to boost his
gross and fine motor. More so, his cognitive and social-emotional
are very delayed because he did not mingling anymore to peers. In
this findings the researcher find it out the outcomes or result
when you did not expose your child in his surroundings because
there is a big factor that the environment can give to the
child's development because if you compare respondent four (4) to
respondent nine(9) they have different way of lifestyle the one
who expose in environment and get 14suggest slight advance devel-
opment and the one who did not expose get significant delay in
overall development.. This findings show the significant contri-
bution of the environment in child's development.

Appendices
Checklist used
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Documentations

Image 1

This image shows the researcher, Angel A. Turay on the left give

her time to guide the respondent.

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Image 2

This image shows the researcher, Roseann O. Agno on the left give
her time to interview the respondent.
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Curriculum vitae

Blk. 11 Camp Tinio, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

Mobile: +639123411943

Email: [email protected]

ALDRIAN M. ARTUZ

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: August 06, 2000

Place of Birth: Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Born Again Christian

Height: 5’8 ft

Weight: 65 kg

Father’s Name: Atilano D.M. Artuz

Mother’s Name: Jocelyn C. Molina

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : Cabanatuan East Central School

: Elementary

: 2011 - 2012

Secondary : Camp Tinio National High School

: High School

: 2017 – 2018
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Curriculum vitae

Palale, General Tinio, Nueva Ecija

Mobile: +639154158931

Email: [email protected]

Danilo D. Balabag Jr.

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: October 10, 1999

Place of Birth: General Tinio, Nueva Ecija

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Christian (Vision-Paltiing)

Height: 5’4 ft

Weight: 55 kg

Father’s Name: Danilo B. Balabag Sr.

Mother’s Name: Juvy J. Dug-as

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : Palale Elementary School

: Elementary

: 2012 - 2013

Secondary : Buklod Palad National High School

: Junior High School

: 2018 – 2019
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Curriculum vitae

Sagana, Laur, Nueva Ecija

Mobile: +639972185380

Email: [email protected]

Angel A. Turay

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: May 30, 2001

Place of Birth: Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Protestant

Height: 5’0 ft

Weight: 50 kg

Father’s Name: Alex G. Turay

Mother’s Name: Analinda A. Turay (Deceased)

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : Sagana Elementary School

: Elementary

: 2012 - 2013

Secondary : Jorge M. Padilla National High School

: Junior High School

: 2018 – 2019
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Curriculum vitae

San Josep, Laur, Nueva Ecija

Mobile: +6309067584253

Email: [email protected]

Roseann O. Agno

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: September 19, 2000

Place of Birth: Valenzuela City, Manila

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo

Height: 5’3 ft

Weight: 40 kg

Father’s Name: Roberto Agno

Mother’s Name: Agapita Agno

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : San Josep Elementary School

: Elementary

: 2012 - 2013

Secondary : Palayan City National High School

: Junior High School

: 2018 – 2019
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Curriculum vitae

Pob. Norte, Rizal, Nueva Ecija

Mobile: +639557339508

Email: [email protected]

Bernadette A. Dagohoy

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: December 20, 2000

Place of Birth: Sta. Rosa, Nueva Ecija

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino

Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo

Height: 4’9 ft

Weight: 45 kg

Father’s Name: Vicente Dagohoy

Mother’s Name: Maricel Arango

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Primary : Rizal Central School

: Elementary

: 2012 - 2013

Secondary : Rizal National High School

: Junior High School

: 2018 – 2019