Advantages / Disadvantages /
Applications of FM
Advantages of FM
1.Transmitted power remains constant.
2.FM receivers are immune to noise.
3.Good capture effect.
4.No mixing of signals.
Disadvantages of FM
The greatest disadvantages of FM are:
1.It uses too much spectrum space.
2.The bandwidth is wider.
3. The modulation index can be kept low to minimize the
bandwidth used.
4.But reduction in M.I. reduces the noise immunity.
5.Used only at very high frequencies.
Applications of FM
1.FM radio broadcasting.
2.Sound transmission in TV.
3.Police wireless.
Pulse Modulation Technique
Fig. : Carrier for Continuous Wave and Pulse Modulation
Need of Pulse Modulation
• Comparing to continuous wave modulation (like AM,
FM), the performance of all pulse modulation schemes
except PAM in presence of noise is very good.
• Due to better noise performance, it requires less power to
cover large area of communication.
• Due to better noise performance and requirement of less
signal power, the pulse modulation is most preferred for the
communication between space ships and earth.
Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
Definition:
•The amplitude of the pulsed carrier varies in
accordance with the instantaneous value of
modulating signal, is called PAM where width
and position remains constant.
Generation of PAM
Fig. : Generation of PAM Block diagram
Waveforms of PAM
Advantages of PAM
•It is easy to generate and demodulate PAM.
Disadvantages of PAM
1.Since PAM does not utilize constant amplitude
pulses, output is distorted due to additive noise so
that it is infrequently used.
2.Transmission bandwidth required is too large.
3.Transmitted power is not constant.
Application of PAM
•Used in radio telemetry for remote monitoring and
sensing.
Generation of PAM Transistorized Circuit
Fig. : Transistorized circuit for generation of PAM
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Definition:
•W h e n t h e w i d t h o f p u l s e d c a r r i e r v a r i e s i n
accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of
modulating signal, is called PWM where amplitude
and position remains constant.
Generation of PWM
Fig.:B.D. of generation of PWM
Waveforms of PWM
Generation of PWM using IC 555
Fig. : Generation of PWM using IC 555
.
Advantages of PWM
1. More immune to noise.
2. Synchronization between transmitter and receiver
is not required.
3. Possible to separate out signal from noise.
Applications of PWM
•PWM is used in special purpose communication
systems mainly for military but is seldom used for
commercial digital transmission system.
Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
Definition
•When position of pulse carrier varies in accordance
with the instantaneous value of modulating signal
is called PPM, where width and amplitude of carrier
remains constant.
Generation of PPM
Fig.:Block diagram of PPM generation
Waveforms of PPM
Advantages of PPM
1. Good noise immunity.
2. Requires constant transmitter power output.
Disadvantages of PPM
1. Requires synchronization between transmitter
and receiver.
2. Large Bandwidth requirement.
Applications of PPM
1. It is used for optical communication system
where there is no multipath interference.
2. PPM is useful for narrowband FM channel
allocation, with these channel characteristics in
the radio control and model aircraft, boats and
cars.
3. PPM is also used for military applications.
Generation of PPM using IC 555
Fig. : Generation of PPM using IC 555
Comparison of PAM, PWM and PPM
Parameter PAM PWM PPM
1. Variable Amplitude Width Position
parameter of pulsed
carrier.
2. Bandwidth Low High High
requirement
3. Transmitted power Varies with Varies with Remains
amplitude of variation in constant
pulses width
4. Noise immunity Low High High
5. Information Amplitude Width Position
contained in variations variations variation
6. Output waveform
ANY QUESTION?
For more detail contact us
