111 Electrical Machines

Contents
Topics Page No.

#1. Transformer 667 – 680

#2. Induction Motors 681 – 689

#3. D.C. Machine 690 – 697

#4. Synchronous Machine 698 – 703

#5. Principles of Electro Mechanical Energy Conversion 704 – 705

#6. Special Machines 706

 Syllabus

Syllabus for Electrical Machines

Single Phase Transformer: Equivalent Circuit, Phasor Diagram, Open Circuit and Short Circuit Tests,
Regulation and Efficiency; Three Phase Transformers: Connections, Parallel Operation;
Auto‐Transformer, Electromechanical Energy Conversion Principles, DC Machines: Separately
Excited, Series and Shunt, Motoring and Generating Mode of Operation and Their Characteristics,
Starting and Speed Control of DC Motors; Three Phase Induction Motors: Principle of Operation,
Types, Performance, torque-Speed Characteristics, No-Load and Blocked Rotor Tests, Equivalent
Circuit, Starting and Speed Control; Operating Principle of Single Phase Induction Motors;
Synchronous Machines: Cylindrical and Salient Pole Machines, Performance, Regulation and Parallel
Operation of Generators, Starting of Synchronous Motor, Characteristics; Types of Losses and
Efficiency Calculations of Electric Machines.

Analysis of GATE Papers

Year Percentage of Marks Overall Percentage

2015 14.50

2014 12.33

2013 5.00

2012 7.00

2011 6.00
12.25%
2010 10.00

2009 21.00

2008 16.00

2007 12.67

2006 18.00

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

Transformer

EE-2007 EE-2008
1. In a transformer, zero voltage regulation 6. Three single-phase transformers are
at full load is connected to form a 3-phase transformer
(A) not possible bank. The transformers are connected in
(B) possible at unity power factor load the following manner
(C) possible at leading power factor load
A1 A2
(D) possible at lagging power factor load a2 a1
a1 a1
a1 a1
B1 B2
2. A Single-phase 50 kVA, 250V/500V two b2 b1
a1
winding transformer has an efficiency of a1 a1
95% at full load, unity power factor. C1 C2
If it is reconfigured as a 500V/750V c2 c1
a1 a1
autotransformer, its efficiency at its new Primary a1Secondary a1
rated load at unity power factor will be The transformer connection will be
(A) 95.752% (C) 98.276% represented by
(B) 97.851% (D) 99.241% (A) Y d0 (C) Y d6
(B) Y d1 (D) Y d11
Common Data for Questions 3, 4 and 5
A three phase squirrel cage induction
7. It is desired to measure parameters of
motor has a starting current of seven
230V⁄115V, 2KVA, single-phase
times the full load current and full load
transformer. The Following wattmeters
slip of 5%
are available in a laboratory
3. If an autotransformer is used for reduced
W1: 250 V, 10 A, Low Power Factor
voltage starting to provide 1.5 per unit
W2: 250 V, 5 A, Low Power Factor
starting torque, the autotransformer ratio
W3: 150 V, 10 A, High Power Factor
(%) should be
W4: 150 V, 5 A, High Power Factor
(A) 57.77% (C) 78.25%
The wattmeters used in open circuit test
(B) 72.56% (D) 81.33%
and short circuit test of the transformer
4. If a star-delta starter is used to start this will respectively be
induction motor, the per unit starting (A) W1 and W2 (C) W1 and W4
torque will be (B) W2 and W4 (D) W2 and W3
(A) 0.607 (C) 1.225
(B) 0.816 (D) 1.616 8. The core of a two-winding transformer is
subjected to a magnetic flux variation as
5. If a starting torque of 0.5 per unit is indicated in the figure.
required then the per unit starting
p ϕ
current should be + r
(A) 4.65 (C) 3.16 +
(B) 3.75 (D) 2.13 epq 100 200 ers
−q
s −

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

ф(Wb)
Common Data for Question 10 and 11
A a
0.12

B b

t(s) C c
0 1 2 2.5
N S1 S2
1
The induced emf (ers) in the secondary
2
winding as a function of time will be of the The star-delta transformer shown
2.
form 5 above is excited on the star side with
(A) t(ers a balanced, 4-wire, 3-phase, sinusoidal
s
voltage supply of rated magnitude. The
)
24V 2 2.5 transformer is under no load condition.
t(s)
10. With both S1 and S2 open, the core flux
− 48V
waveform will be
(B) ers (A) A sinusoid at fundamental frequency
(B) Flat-topped with third harmonic
48 V (C) Peaky with third-harmonic
1 (D) None of these
t(s)
−24 V 2 2.5
(C) ers
11. With S2 closed and S1 open, the current
48V
waveform in the delta winding will be
(A) a sinusoid at fundamental frequency
24V
t(s) (B) flat-topped with third harmonic
0 1 2 2.5
(D) ers
(C) only third-harmonic
(D) none of these
0 1 2 2.5
t(s)
−24V Common Data Questions: 12 and 13
−48V
The circuit diagram shows a two
winding, lossless transformer with no
EE-2009 leakage flux, excited from a current
9. The single phase, 50Hz, iron core source, i(t), whose waveform is also
transformer in the circuit has both the shown. The transformer has a
vertical arms of cross sectional area magnetizing inductance of 400/π mH.
20cm2 and both the horizontal arms of 1:1 A
cross sectional area 10cm2. If the two
S
windings shown were wound instead on
opposite horizontal arms, the mutual i(t)
30Ω
inductance will
B

i(t)

30 ms
10A
(A) double
t
(B) remain same 0
5ms 10ms 15ms 20ms 25 ms 30ms
(C) be halved 10A
25 ms
(D) become one quarter

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

12. The peak voltage across A and B, with S leakage reactance’s are neglected, the
open is primary current is
400 4000 1A
(A) V (C) V 1:2
π π
800
(B) 800V (D) V
π
~ R
13. If the waveform of i(t) is changed to
i(t)=10 sin (100 πt)A, the peak voltage
across A and B with S closed is (A) 1.41A (C) 2.24A
(B) 2A (D) 3A
(A) 400V (C) 320V
(B) 240V (D) 160V
17. A balanced star-connected and purely
Statement for Linked Answer Q.No 14 & 15 resistive load is connected at the
A C secondary of a star-delta transformer as
shown in figure. The line-to-line voltage
Coil 1 Coil 2 rating of the transformer is 110V/220V.
Neglecting the non-idealities of the
B D transformer, the impedance ‘Z’ of the
The figure above shows coils 1 and 2, equivalent star-connected load, referred
with dot markings as shown, having 4000 to the primary side o the transformer, is:
110/220V
and 6000 turns respectively. Both coils R
r
have a rated current of 25A. Coil 1 is 4Ω

excited with single phase, 400V, 50Hz 4Ω 4Ω

b
Y
supply
14. The coils are to be connected to obtain y
B
a single phase, 400/1000V, auto
transformer to drive a load of 10kVA.
R
Which of the options given should be
Z
exercised to realize the required auto
transformer? Z Z
Y
(A) Connect A and D; Common B
(B) Connect B and D; Common C
B
(C) Connect A and C; Common B
(A) (3 + j 0) Ω
(D) Connect A and C; Common D
(B) (0.866 – j 0.5) Ω
15. In the autotransformer obtained in
(C) (0.866 + j 0.5) Ω
Question 14, the current in each coil is
(D) (1+j0)Ω
(A) Coil−1 is 25 A and Coil−2 is 10 A
(B) Coil−1 is 10 A and Coil−2 is 25 A
EE-2011
(C) Coil−1 is 10 A and Coil−2 is 15 A
18. A single-phase air core transformer, fed
(D) Coil−1 is 15 A and Coil−2 is 10 A
from a rated sinusoidal supply, is
operating at no load. The steady state
EE-2010
magnetizing current drawn by the
16. A single-phase transformer has a turns
transformer from the supply will have the
ratio of 1:2, and is connected to a purely
waveform
resistive load as shown in the figure. The
magnetizing current drawn is 1A, and the
secondary current is 1A. If core losses and
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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

(A) i EE-2014
20. The core loss of a single phase, 230/115V,
50 Hz power transformer is measured
t from 230 V side by feeding the primary
(230 V side) from a variable voltage,
variable frequency source while keeping
i the secondary open circuited. The core
(B)
loss is measured to be 1050 W for 230 V,
50 Hz input. The core loss is again
t measured to be 500 W for 138 V, 30 Hz
input. The hysteresis and eddy current
losses of the transformer for 230 V, 50 Hz
(C) i input are respectively,
(A) 508 W and 542 W
(B) 468 W and 582 W
(C) 498 W and 552 W
t (D) 488 W and 562 W

21. Assuming an ideal transformer, the

(D) i thevenin’s equivalent voltage and
impedance as seen from the terminals
x and y for the circuit in figure are
t 1Ω

sin (ωt)
EE-2012
19. A single phase 10 kVA, 50 Hz transformer
with 1 kV primary winding draws 0.5 A 1: 2 y
and 55 W, at rated voltage and frequency,
on no load. A second transformer has a (A) 2 sin(ωt) , 4Ω (C) 1 sin(ωt) , 2Ω
core with all its linear dimensions (B) 1sin(ωt),1Ω (D) 2 sin(ωt) , 0.5Ω
√2 times the corresponding dimensions
22. A single phase, 50 kVA, 1000V/100 V two
of the first transformer. The core material
winding transformer is connected as an
and lamination thickness are the same in
autotransformer as shown in the figure.
both transformers. The primary windings
of both the transformers have the same
number of turns. If a rated voltage of 2 kV 100V
at 50 Hz is applied to the primary of the
1100V
second transformer, then the no load
current and power, respectively, are 1000V
(A) 0.7 A, 77.8 W (C) 1A, 110 W
(B) 0.7 A, 155.6 W (D) 1A, 220 W
The kVA rating of the autotransformer is
___________

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

23. For a single phase, two winding Mutual inductance between primary and
transformer, the supply frequency and secondary windings = 20 mH
voltage are both increased by 10%. The Using the above parameters, the leakage
percentage changes in the hysteresis loss (Ll1 , Ll2 ) and magnetizing (Lm )
and eddy current loss, respectively, are inductances as referred to primary side in
(A) 10 and 21 (C) 21 and 10 the equivalent circuit respectively, are
(B) −10 and 21 (D) −21 and 10 (A) 5mH, 20mH and 40mH
(B) 5mH, 80mH and 40mH
24. An open circuit test is performed on (C) 25mH, 10mH and 20mH
50 Hz transformer, using variable (D) 45mH, 30mH and 20mH
frequency source and keeping V/f ratio
constant, to separate its eddy current and 27. For a specified input voltage and
hysteresis losses. The variation of core frequency, if the equivalent radius of the
loss/frequency as function of frequency is core of a transformer is reduced by half,
shown in the figure the factor by which the number of turns
in the primary should change to maintain
15
the same no load current is
Pc
f
(W/Hz)
10 (A) 1/4 (C) 2
(B) 1/2 (D) 4
5
EE - 2015
25 50 28. The self-inductance of the primary
f(Hz)
winding of a single phase, 50 Hz,
The hysteresis and eddy current losses of
transformer is 800 mH, and that of the
the transformer at 25 Hz respectively are
secondary winding is 600 mH. The mutual
(A) 250 W and 2.5 W
inductance between these two windings
(B) 250 W and 62.5W
is 480 mH. The secondary winding of this
(C) 312.5 W and 62.5 W
transformer is short circuited and the
(D) 312.5 W and 250 W
primary winding is connected to a 50 Hz,
single phase, sinusoidal voltage source.
25. The load shown in the figure absorbs
The current flowing in both the windings
4 kW at a power factor of 0.89 lagging.
is less than their respective rated
1Ω
2: 1 currents. The resistance of both windings
ac source

can be neglected. In this condition, what

50 Hz

~ X 110V ZL is the effective inductance (in mH) seen

by the source?
Assuming the transformer to be ideal, the (A) 416 (C) 200
value of the reactance X to improve the (B) 440 (D) 920
29. The primary mmf is least affected by the
input power factor to unity is ___________
secondary terminal conditions in a
26. The parameters measured for a 220V/110V, (A) Power transformer
50 Hz, single-phase transformer are: (B) Potential transformer
Self-inductance of primary winding (C) Current transformer
= 45mH (D) Distribution transformer
Self-inductance of secondary winding
= 30 mH 30. A 200/400 V, 50 Hz, two-winding
transformer is rated at 20 kVA. Its
windings are connected as an auto-
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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

transformer of rating 200/600 V. A 34. Two three-phase transformers are

resistive load of 12 Ω is connected to the realized using single-phase transformers
high voltage (600 V) side of the auto- as shown in the figure.
A2 a2
transformer. The value of equivalent load A1 a1
resistance (in Ohm) as seen from low B2
b2 V1
voltage side is _________ B1 b1
C2 c2
31. Two single-phase transformers T1 and T2 C1 c1
each rated at 500 kVA are operated in
A2 a2
parallel percentage impedances of A1 a1
T1 and T2 are (1+j6) and (0.8+j4.8), B2 b2 V2
respectively. To share a load of 1000 kVA B1 b1

at 0.8 lagging power factor, the C2

c2
contribution of T2 (in kVA) is _________ C1 c1

The phase difference (in degree) between

32. Find the transformer ratios a and b such voltages V1 and V2 is ________
that the impedance (Zin ) is resistive and
equals 2.5 Ω when the network is excited 35. A balanced (positive sequence) three-
with a sine wave voltage of angular phase AC voltage source is connected to a
frequency of 5000 rad/s. balanced, star connected load through a
C = 10μF L = 1mH star-delta transformer as shown in figure.
The line-to-line voltage rating is 230 V on
R = 2.5Ω

the star side, and 115 V on the delta side.

Zin
If the magnetizing current is neglected
and I̅s = 100∠0° A, then what is the value
1: b 1: a
on I̅p in Ampere?
(A) a = 0.5, b = 2.0 (C) a = 1.0, b = 1.0
(B) a = 2.0, b = 0.5 (D) a = 4.0, b = 0.5 Ip Is
a A
33. A three-winding transformer is connected ~ R
to an AC voltage source as shown in the B
figure. The numbers of turns are as
follows: N1 = 100, N2 = 50, N3 = 50. If the ~ ~ R R
b
magnetizing current is neglected, and the C
currents in two windings are c
̅I2 = 2∠30° A and I̅3 = 2∠150° A, then
what is the value of the current I1̅ in (A) 50∠30o (C) 50√3∠30o
Ampere? (B) 50∠ − 30o (D) 200 ∠30o
I1̅ N2
I2̅ EE - 2016
36. In a constant V/f induction motor drive,
~ the slip at the maximum torque
I3̅
(A) Is directly proportional to the
synchronous speed.
N1 N2
(B) Remains constant with respect to the
(A) 1 ∠90° (C) 4 ∠90° synchronous speed.
(B) 1 ∠270° (D) 4 ∠270°

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

(C) Has an inverse relation with the 41. The following figure shows the
synchronous speed. connection of an ideal transformer with
(D) Has no relation with the synchronous primary to secondary turns ratio of 1:100.
speed. The applied primary voltage is 100 V
(rms), 50 Hz AC. The rms value of the
37. If an ideal transformer has an inductive current I, in ampere, is ___________
load element at port 2 as shown in the X L = 10Ω
figure below, the equivalent inductance at
1: 100 R = 80 kΩ

X C = 40 kΩ
100 V
port 1 is
n: 1
~ I

L
42. A single-phase, 2 kVA, 100/200 V
transformer is reconnected as an auto-
Port 1 Port 2 transformer such that its kVA rating is
n maximum. The new rating, in kVA, is
(A) nL (C) ___________
L
n2
(B) n2 L (D)
L 43. Three single-phase transformers are
connected to form a delta-star three-
38. If the star side of the star-delta
phase transformer of 110 kV/11 kV. The
transformer shown in the figure is excited
transformer supplies at 11 kV a load of 8
by a negative sequence voltage, then
MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging to a nearby plant.
A a
Neglect the transformer losses. The ratio
B
of phase currents in delta side to star side
N
c is
C b (A) 1: 10√3 (C) 1: 10
(A) VAB leads Vab by 60° (B) 10√3: 1 (D) √3: 10
(B) VAB lags Vab by 60°
(C) VAB leads Vab by 30°
(D) VAB lags Vab by 30°

39. A single phase 400 V, 50 Hz transformer

has an iron loss of 5000 W at the rated
condition. When operated at 200 V, 25 Hz,
the iron loss is 2000 W. When operated at
416 V, 52 Hz, the value of the hysteresis
loss divided by the eddy current loss is
___________

40. A single-phase, 22 kVA, 2200 V/ 220 V, 50

Hz, distribution transformer is to be
connected as an auto-transformer to get
an output voltage of 2420 V. Its maximum
kVA rating as an auto-transformer is
(A) 22 (C) 242
(B) 24.2 (D) 2420

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. C] 4. [Ans. B]
Voltage regulation = I(R cos ϕ + Xsin ϕ) Tst 1 Ist 2
(For lagging power factor) = × ( ) × SfL
TfL 3 IfL
Voltage regulation = I (R cos ϕ − Xsin ϕ) Tst 1
= (7)2 × × 0.05 = 0.816
(For leading power factor) TfL 3
Voltage regulation = I(R cos ϕ − sin ϕ)
=0 5. [Ans. C]
R Tsf Ist 2
tan ϕ = = ( ) × SfL
X TfL IfL
So zero voltage regulation is possible for
0.5 = (Ist PU)2 × 0.05
leading power factor
∴ p.u starting current = 3.16
When
R
tanϕ = 6. [Ans. B]
X A2

2. [Ans. C] A
50 ×1 ×1
η2wdg. = 0.95 = 50 + wcu + wi
∴ wcu + wi = 2.631
100 A 200 A
C B
500 V 250 V C2 B2

a2
200 A
c a

300 A c
c2 a
750 V
b
500 V
b
I2 = 200, 𝑉2 = 750 b2
KVA rating of transformer ∴ The possible connections is Yd1
Sauto = V2 I2 = 750 × 200 = 150 KVA
For auto transformer, 7. [Ans. D]
150
η= = 98.276% For open circuit test [on LV side ]
150 +2.631
The current is of 4 to 8% of full load
3. [Ans. C] current ≅ 1.4 A
Ist = 7 IfL And is of Low power factor ≅ 0.2
∴ W2 is required
SfL = 5%
Tst I 2 For short circuit test [on HV side]
TfL
= (Ist ) × x 2 × SfL The current is full load current ≅ 8.7A
fL
= 1.5 = (7)2 × x 2 × 0.05 The power factor is high ≅ 0.5 to 0.6
x = 78.25% ∴ W3 is required

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

8. [Ans. B] N2
L=
Induced emf (ers ) in the secondary Relutance
winding is given by L ∝ N2
dϕ When the coils are wound on vertical
ers = −N2 where N2 = 200
dt arms.
During O ≤ t < 1 (L1 )V ∝ (N1)V2 and (L2 )V ∝ (N2 )V2
The flux (ϕ) increases linearly with time Cross-sectional area
ϕ = 0.12 t AV = 20 cm2
dϕ Assuming square cross-sectional area.
ers = −N2
dt Side of square
d(0.12t)
= −200 × av = √Av
dt
= −24 V Let length of the coil = L
During 1 ≤ t < 2 No. of turns
L 1
ϕ is constant NV = ∝
ϕ = 0.12 4av √Av
dϕ 1
ers = −N2 (L1 )V ∝ (N1)V2 ∝
dt AV
d(0.12) Similarly,
= −200 = OV 1
dt
(L2 )V ∝
During 2 ≤ t < 2.5 AV
ϕ decreases linearly with time Mutual inducatance
ϕ = 0.24(2.5 − t) mv ∝ √(L1 )V (L2 )V
dϕ
ers = −N2 1 1
dt 1 ∝ √( ) ( )
d{0.24(2.5 − t)} AV AV
= −200
dt mV ∝ 1/AV
= 48 V
Similarly, when the coils are placed on
ers horizontal arms
1
48 V mH =
AH
0 t(s) mH AV 20
2 2.5 = =
mV AH 10
−24 V mH = 2 mV
There, mutual inductance gets double
when windings are placed on horizontal
9. [Ans. A] arms.

10. [Ans. B]
Coil − 1 Coil − 2
For sinusoidal excitation, the flux is a flat
topped wave with 3rd harmonic. As S1 & S2
both are opened there is no closed path
for the circulation of 3rd harmonic
Reluctance of the magnetic circuit currents. So no compensating flux is
remains same in both the cases other produced for 3rd harmonic flux. Hence
windings are wound on horizontal arms flux remains as flat topped wave.
or vertical arms. Self-inductance of a coil

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

11. [Ans. C] Secondary current referred to primary

With S2 closed, there is a closed path side
available for the 3rd harmonic currents N2 2
I2′ = ( ) I2 = × 10° = 20°A
within the phases. As the transformer is N1 1
under no load condition only 3rd As the core losses are neglected,
harmonic current will be flowing in the magnetizing current (Im) will be in phase
delta connected secondary. with flux (ϕ). Therefore Im lags the
induced emf by 90°
12. [Ans. D] Im = 1 − 90°A
V=M
dl
= M × (slope of I vs. t char) Primary current
dt
400 10 800 I1 = Im + I2′
= × 10−3 × [ ]= Volts = 1 − 90° + 20°
π 5 × 10−3 π
≈ 2.24  − 26.56° A
13. [Ans. A]
i(t) = 10 sin (100π t) A 17. [Ans. D]
di 110
induced emf on secondary E2 = M dt Transformer wise, Vp =
√3
400
E2 = × 10−3 × 10 × 100π cos(100πt ) and Vs = 220
π 220
= 400 cos(100πt) So, turn ratio = × √3 = 2√3
π 110
E2 = 400 sin (100πt + ) 12 12
2 So, Z = = = 1 + j0 
When S is closed, the same induced (2√3)2 12
voltage appears across the Resistive load
∴ Peak voltage across A & B = 400 V 18. [Ans. C]
It is an air core transformer. So, there is
14. [Ans. A] no saturation effect.
Hint: Polarity should be such that the
voltages of two coils are additive. 19. [Ans. B]
10 C We know
E = √2π Nf ϕm
as N and f are constant
25 D E1 ϕm1 1
A 1000V
= =
15 E2 ϕm2 2
400V ϕm2 = 2ϕm1
B and also
μNiA
ϕm =
15. [Ans. D] d
10 × 103 ϕm1 ie1 A1 d2 √2Ie1 1
To supply 10kVA Load I2 = = 10A ⇒ = = =
1000 ϕm2 ie2 A2 d1 2ie2 2
10 × 103 ⇒ ie2 = √2ie1
Is = = 25A
400 1
By applying KCL I1=25-10 = 15A ⇒ ie2 = √2 × = 0.7 A
2
Core loss ∝ volume of core
16. [Ans. C] V2
∴ Pc2 = Pc1
Secondary current V1
I2 = 10°A = 2√2 × 55 = 155.6W

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

20. [Ans. A] 24. [Ans. B]

Hysteresis loss ∝ B1.6 f = k1 B1.6 f V 1.6
Hysteresis = k1 ( ) f
V 1.6 f
= k1 ( ) × f V
f = k1 f ( = constant)
V f
B∝
f V 2
eddy loss ∝ B 2 f 2 = k 2 B 2 f 2 = k 2 V 2 eddy = k 2 ( ) f 2
f
230 1.6 V
so 1050 = k1 ( ) × 50 + k 2 (230)2 = k 2 f 2 ( = constant)
50 f
138 1.6 25
500 = k1 ( ) × 30 + k 2 (138)2 core loss at (f = 25 Hz) = 25 ( + 10)
30 10
k1 = 12.5 × 25 = 312.5
= 86.34 core loss at (f = 50 Hz) = 15 × 50 = 750
k2
Hysteresis k1 × 11.5 × 50 at f = 25
= = 0.938 312.5 = k1 × 25 + k 2 (25)2
eddy k 2 × (230)2
Eddy loss = 541.8 W 312.5 = 25(k1 + k 2 25)
Hysteresis loss = 508 W 12.5 = k1 + k 2 × 25 … … … ①
At f = 50
21. [Ans. A] 750 = k1 × 50 + k 2 (50)2
2 750 = 50(k1 + k 2 × 50)
Thevenin voltage = ( ) sin ωt = 2 sin ωt
1 15 = k1 + k 2 = 50 … … … ②
2 2 k1 = 10
Thevenin impedance = ( ) × (1) = 4Ω 1
1 k2 =
10
22. [Ans. *] Range 545 to 555 At 25 Hz Hysteresis = 10 × 25 = 250
Current rating of 100V winding 1
eddy current = × 25 × 25 = 62.5
50×103 10
= = 500 A (or) Alternative method
102
Auto transformer rating = (500) × 1100 v 1.6
= 550 kVA Ph = K h f ( )
f
v 2
Pe = K e f 2 ( )
23. [Ans. A] f
v
Given data: is constant
f
1 − ϕ, two winding transformer
Ph = K h f& Pe = K e f 2
V2 = 1.1V1 V
} ⇒ constant Pc = K h f + K e f 2
f2 = 1.1 f1 f PC
∴ Wh ∝ f, ωe ∝ f 2 = Kh + Ke f
f
f2 − f1 1.1 − 1 From graph, at 0 Hz
% change Wh = = × 100
f1 1 Pc
= 10% = K h ⇒ 10 = K h
f
f22 − f12 at 50 Hz
% change We =
f12 Pc
= K h + K e f ⇒ 15 = K h + 50K e
(1.1)2 − 1 f
= × 100 = 21% 15 − K h 15 − 10
1 ⇒ Ke = = = 0.1
50 50
at 25 Hz
Ph = K h f = 10 × 25 = 250 w
Pe = K e f 2 = 0.1 × (25)2 = 62.5 watt

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

25. [Ans. *] Range 23 to 24 27. [Ans. C]

On Secondary side For same no load current
1 2 x MMf = Nl = Hl
x′ = ( ) x = N → Number of turns of coil
2 4
P1 = 4kW H → Magnetic flux density
VI cos θ = 4 × 103 l → average length
VI × 0.89 = 4 × 103 H∝N
4 × 103 B∝N
Q1 = VI sin θ = × 0.456 = 2049.26
0.89 ϕ ∝ BA
Energy supplied by reactance to make ϕ ∝ NA
unity power factor Ndϕ
Q 2 = 2049.26 E=
dt
V2 So same voltage supply
= 2049.26
x
(4) dϕ1 dϕ1 ′
N1 = N1′
dt dt
(110)2 X N1 ϕ1 = N1′ ϕ1 ′
=
2049.26 4 πr2 ′
4 × 1102 N1 (πr2 N1) = N1′ ( N )
X= = 23.66Ω 4 1
2049.26
N1′ = 2N1
26. [Ans. B]
Given data: 28. [Ans. A]
1-ϕ transformer 220/110V, 50Hz I1 R1 M R2 I2
Self-inductance of primary LP = 45 mH +
Self-inductance of Secondary LS = 30 mH
V1 x1 x2 ZL
Mutual inductance between primary and
secondary M = 20 mH
L11 L1 2 be the leakage & Lm be the mutual −
V1 ω2 M2
inductance referred to primary side Zin = = (R1 + jX1 ) +
I1 R 2 + jX 2 + ZL
Equivalent diagram of inductance
Given, L1 = 800 mH
referred to primary
Lp − aM L2 = 600 mH
a2 Ls − aM
M = 480 mH
W = 314 rad/sec
LM = aM
ZL = 0
R1 R 2 neglected
ω2 M2 ω2 M 2
∴ Zin = jX1 + = j [X1 − ]
V1 220 jX 2 X2
where a = = =2 3142 × 0.482
V2 110 = j [314 × 0.8 − ]
Ll1 = Lp − aM = 45 m − (2 × 20 m) = 5mH 0.6 × 314
Ll2 = a2 Ls − aM = j[251.32 − 120.5476]
= (22 × 30 m) − (2 × 20 m) = 80 mH = j130.744 = jw Leff = j314. Leff
Lm = aM = 2 × 20m = 40 mH ∴ Leff = 0.416 = 416 mH

29. [Ans. C]
Primary winding of CT is connected in
series with the circuit whose current is to

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

be sensed & across the secondary of CT’s 34. [Ans. *] Range: 30 to 30

the operating coil of the relay is Upper transformer secondary is
connected. connected in Δ
In protection CT, one tube of primary Bottom transformer secondary is
winding i.e., the conductor of the circuit connected in Y
itself forms the primary of the CT. Phase angle between delta voltage & star
∵ The primary is connected in series with voltage is 30°.
the power circuit, the voltage drop across
its terminals is very small and the 35. [Ans. A]
primary current is independent of the
secondary current contrary to power 36. [Ans. C]
transformer where the primary current f0 = Nominal frequency
depends upon the secondary current. f
ωs = ( ) ωs0 … … … . ①
f0
30. [Ans. *] Range: 1.3 to 1.4 f0 R2
R H.V 600 Smax,T = ( ) ( I ) … … … . ②
f X 20
R eq(LV) = 2 [Where K = l3 ( )]
K 200 From ① and ②
12 ωs
= = 1.33 R2
9 Smax,T = ( 0 ) ⋅ ( I )
ωs X 20
1
31. [Ans. *] Range: 555 to 555 Smax,T =
Z1 ωs
ST2 = S ×
Z1 + Z2
6.08∠80.53 37. [Ans. B]
= 1000 × = 555 KVA n: 1
10.94∠80.53

32. [Ans. B] L
−j20

2.5
a2 Port 1 Port 2
At port 1 i.e, high voltage side impedance
1: b
will be high and current will be low, so
X C = −j20 Ω; X L = j5Ω
n2 L.
1 2.5
Zin = 2 [ 2 + j5] = −j20
b a
5 38. [Ans. D]
−20 + 2 = 0 VB
b
2.5
= 2.5 ⇒ a = 2; b = 0.5
a2 b 2
120°
VA
33. [Ans. A] 30° (Vline in delta Δ)
I1 N1 = I2 N2 + I3 N3 60°
I1 . 100 = 2∠30 × 50 + 2∠150 × 50
∴ I1 = 1∠30 + 1∠150 = 1∠90°
VC −VB VA − VB = VAB
VAB lags Vab by 30° (Vline in Star Y)
According to negative sequence phasors

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

39. [Ans. *] Range: 1.4 to 1.5 41. [Ans. *]Range: 9.5 to 10.5
400 V, 50 Hz transformer, The below circuit can be drawn by
Pi = 5000 Watt transferring secondary circuit to primary
When, side.
200 V, 25 Hz ⇒ Pi = 2000 Watt 10 jΩ
Ph
416 V, 52 Hz ⇒ =? 80000
Pe I Ω
(100)2

100 V
Pi = Ph + Pe ~
Ph ∝ fBm x 40000
− jΩ
Pe ∝ f 2 Bm2 (100)2
As in the problem 100V
I=
V 400 200 416 (8 + 10j − 4)Ω
= = =
f 50 25 52 100V
= 8 = constant =
(8 + 6j)Ω
Ph = Af So the rms value of I will be 10 A.
And Pe = Bf 2
From given data, 42. [Ans. *] Range: 5.9 to 6.1
2000 = (P25Hz )i 2 kVA, 100⁄200 V transformer,
= A(25) + B(25)2 … … … . ① 200
a2winding = =2
5000 = (P50 Hz )i 100
= A(50) + B(50)2 … … … . ② [(kVA)auto ]max
Solving ① and ② = (a2winding + 1)(kVA)2winding
A = 60, B = 0.8 = (2 + 1) × 2 = 6
(Ph )52 Hz = Af = 60 × 52
= 3120 Watt 43. [Ans. A]
(Pe )52 Hz = Bf 2 = 0.8 × (52)2 At 11 kV, load is 8 MW, 0.8 PF lagging
= 2163.2 Watt (Vph ) (Iph )
Δ Y
(Ph )52 Hz 3120 ⇒ =
= = 1.4423 (Vph ) (Iph )
Y Δ
(Pe )52 Hz 2163.2
(Vph )
Y
⇒ (Iph ) = (Iph ) ×
40. [Ans. C] Δ Y (Vph )
Δ
22 kVA, 2200 V/220 V, 50 Hz (Iph ) 11⁄√3
Δ
Distribution transformer is to be = = 1: 10√3
(Vph ) 110
connected as on auto transformer to get Y

an output voltage of 2420 V

(kVA)maximum as an auto transformer = ?
As voltage rating = is 2420 i.e. (2200 +
220) V
Additive polarity,
(kVA)auto
= (a2winding + 1) × kVA2winding
220
Where, a2winding = = 10
220
(kVA)auto = (10 + 1) × 22 = 242 kVA

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

Induction Motors

EE-2007 (A) 20.6 V, 2.7 Hz

1. A three- phase squirrel cage induction (B) 133.3 V, 16.7 Hz
motor has a starting torque of 150% and (C) 266.6 V, 33.3 Hz
maximum torque of 300% with respect to (D) 323.3V, 40.3 Hz
rated torque at rated voltage and rated
frequency. Neglect the stator resistance Common Data for Questions 5 and 6
and rotational losses. The value of slip for A 3-phase, 440 V 50Hz. 4-pole, slip ring
maximum torque is induction motor is fed from the rotor side
(A) 13.48% (C) 18.92% through an auto transformer and the
(B) 16.42% (D) 26.79% stator is connected to variable resistance
as shown in the figure.
EE-2008
2. A 230 V, 50 Hz 4-pole, single-Phase
induction motor is rotating in the
clockwise (forward) direction at a speed
of 1425-rpm. If the rotor resistance at
stand still is 7.8Ω. Then the effective rotor Induction
Motor Res
resistance in the backward branch of the
equivalent circuit will be
(A) 2 Ω (C) 78 Ω 3 – phase,
(B) 4 Ω (D) 156 Ω 50 Hz, + 220V −
Supply
Auto Transformer
3. A 400 V, 50 Hz, 30 hp, three-phase
induction motor is drawing 50 A current The motor is coupled to a 220 V,
at 0.8 power factor lagging. The stator separately excited, dc generator feeding
and rotor copper losses are 1.5 kW and power to fixed power to fixed resistance
900 W respectively. The friction and of 10 Ω. Two-wattmeter method is used to
windage losses are 1050 W and the core measure the input power to induction
losses are 1200 W. The air-gap power of motor. The variable resistance is adjusted
the motor will be such that the motor runs at 1410 rpm and
(A) 23.06 kW (C) 25.01 kW the following readings were recorded
(B) 24.11 kW (D) 26.21 kW W1 = 1800 W, W2 = −200 W
5. The speed of rotation of stator magnetic
4. A 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole, 1400 rpm, star field with respect to rotor structure will be
connected squirrel cage induction motor (A) 90 rpm in the direction of rotation,
has the Following parameters referred to (B) 90 rpm in the opposite direction of
the stator rotation.
𝑅𝑟′ = 1.0 Ω, X s = X ′r = 1.5Ω (C) 1500 rpm in the direction of rotation
Neglect stator resistance and core and (D) 1500 rpm in the opposite direction
rotational losses of the motor of rotation
The motor is controlled from a 3-phase
voltage source inverter with constant V/f 6. Neglecting all losses of both the machines,
control. The stator line to line voltage the dc generator power output and the
(rms) and frequency to obtain the current through resistance (Rex) will
maximum torque at starting will be respectively be

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

(A) 96 W, 3.10 A M
(B) 120 W, 3.46 A
(C) 1504 W, 12.26 A
(D) 1880 W, 13.71 A A A′
Rotor
EE-2009
7. A 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor M’
supplied from a balanced 3-phase source (A) rotates clockwise
drives a mechanical load. (B) rotates anticlockwise
The torque-speed characteristics of the (C) does not rotate
motor (D) rotates momentarily and comes to a
(solid curve) and of the load halt
(dotted curve) are shown. Of the two
equilibrium points A and B, which of the EE-2010
following options correctly describes the 9. A balanced three-phase voltage is applied
stability of A and B? to a star-connected induction motor, the
phase to neutral voltage being V. The
stator resistance, rotor resistance
B
referred to the stator, stator leakage
Torque
A reactance, rotor leakage reactance
referred to the stator, and the
magnetizing reactance are denoted by
N
rs , rr , xs , xr and X m , respectively. The
0 1.0 sync
N magnitude of starting current of the
(A) A is stable B is unstable motor is given by
(B) A is unstable B is stable V
(C) Both are stable (A)
√(rs + rr )2 + (xs + xr )2
(D) Both are unstable
V
(B)
8. A 220V, 50Hz, single-phase induction √rs + (xs + X m )2
2

V
motor has the following connection (C)
diagram and winding orientations shown. √(rs + rr ) + (X m + xr )2
2

MM′ is the axis of the main stator winding V

(D)
(M1M2) and AA' is that of the auxiliary √rs 2 + (X m + xr )2
winding (A1A2). Directions of the
winding axis indicate direction of flux EE-2011
when currents in the windings are in 10. A three-phase 440V, 6pole, 50 Hz, squirrel
the directions shown. Parameters of cage induction motor is running at a slip
each winding are indicated. When switch of 5%. The speed of stator magnetic field
S is closed, the motor with respect to rotor magnetic field and
M1 speed of rotor with respect to stator
rm = 0.1Ω Lm
Ra = 1Ω magnetic field are
= 0.1/πH
La =
10
H M2 (A) zero, −5 rpm
𝜋
(B) zero, 955 rpm
S A1 A2 (C) 1000 rpm, −5 rpm
220V A2 A2
50HZ (D) 1000 rpm, 955 rpm

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

EE-2012 17. A three-phase, 4-pole, self-excited

11. The slip of an induction motor normally induction generator is feeding power to
does not depend on a load at a frequency f1. If the load is
(A) Rotor Speed partially removed, the frequency
(B) Synchronous speed becomes f2 . If the speed of the generator
(C) Shaft torque is maintained at 1500 rpm in both the
(D) Core-loss component cases, then
(A) f1 , f2 > 50 Hz and f1 > f2
12. The locked rotor current in a 3-phase, (B) f1 < 50 Hz and f2 > 50 Hz
star connected 15 kW, 4-pole, 230 V, (C) f1 , f2 < 50 Hz and f2 > f1
50 Hz induction motor at rated conditions (D) f1 > 50 Hz and f2 < 50 Hz
is 50 A. Neglecting losses and magnetizing
current, the approximate locked rotor line 18. A single phase induction motor draws
current drawn when the motor is 12 MW power at 0.6 lagging power. A
connected to a 236 V, 57 Hz supply is capacitor is connected in parallel to the
(A) 58.5 A (C) 42.7 A motor to improve the power factor of the
(B) 45.0 A (D) 55.6 A combination of motor and capacitor to 0.8
EE-2013 lagging. Assuming that the real and
13. Leakage flux in an induction motor is reactive power drawn by the motor
(A) Flux that leaks through the machine remains same as before, the reactive
(B) Flux that links both stator and rotor power delivered by the capacitor in
windings MVAR is ____________
(C) Flux that links none of the windings
19. In a constant V/f control of induction
(D) Flux that links the stator winding or
motor, the ratio V/f is maintained
the rotor winding but not both
constant from 0 to base frequency, where
14. A 4-pole induction motor, supplied by a V is the voltage applied to the motor at
slightly unbalanced three-phase 50HZ fundamental frequency f which of the
source, is rotating at 1440 rpm. The following statements relating to low
electrical frequency in Hz of the induced frequency operation of the motor is
negative sequence current in the rotor is TRUE?
(A) 100 (B) 98 (C) 52 (D) 48 (A) At low frequency, the stator flux
increases from its rated value.
EE-2014 (B) At low frequency, the stator flux
15. An 8-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction decreases from its rated value.
motor is operating at a speed of 700 rpm. (C) At low frequency, the motor
The frequency of the rotor current of the saturates.
motor in Hz is __________ (D) At low frequency, the stator flux
remains unchanged at its rated value
16. A 3 phase, 50 Hz, six pole induction motor
has a rotor resistance of 0.1Ω and 20. A three-phase slip-ring induction motor,
reactance of 0.92 Ω. Neglect the voltage
provided with a commutator winding, is
drop in stator and assume that the rotor
resistance is constant. Given that the full shown in the figure. The motor rotates in
load slip is 3%, the ratio of maximum clockwise direction when the rotor
torque to full load torque is windings are closed.
(A) 1.567 (C) 1.948
(B) 1.712 (D) 2.134

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

3-phase ac, f Hz (C)

Torque
f2
Prime Slip Ring Induction
Mover Motor
fr
0.7Ns Ns
f1 Speed
If the rotor winding is open circuited and (D)
the system is made to run at rotational

Torque
speed fr with the help of prime-mover in
anti-clockwise direction, then the
frequency of voltage across slip rings is
f1 and frequency of voltage across 0.7Ns Ns
commutator brushes is f2 . Speed
The values of f1 and f2 respectively are
(A) f + fr and f EE - 2015
(B) f − fr and f 22. The figure shows the per-phase
(C) f − fr and f + fr equivalent circuit of a two-pole three-
(D) f + fr and f − fr phase induction motor operating at 50
Hz. The “air-gap” voltage, Vg across the
21. A single phase induction motor is magnetizing inductance, is 210 V rms,
provided with capacitor and centrifugal and the slip, s, is 0.05. The torque (in
switch in series with auxiliary winding.
Nm) produced by the motor is _________
The switch is expected to operate at a
0.04 Ω j0.22Ω j0.22Ω
speed of 0.7 Ns, but due to malfunctioning
the switch fails to operate.
0.05
The torque-speed characteristic of the Vs j6.28Ω Vg Ω
motor is represented by s
(A)
Torque

23. A 220 V, 3-phase, 4-pole, 50 Hz

induction motor of wound rotor type is
supplied at rated voltage and frequency.
0.7Ns x The stator resistance, magnetizing
Speed
reactance, and core loss are negligible.
The maximum torque produced by the
(B) rotor is 225% of full load torque and it
Torque

occurs at 15% slip. The actual rotor

resistance is 0.03 Ω/phase. The value of
external resistance (in Ohm) which
must be inserted in a rotor phase if the
0.7Ns Ns maximum torque is to occur at start is
Speed
_________

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

EE - 2016 25. The starting line current of a 415 V, 3-

24. The direction of rotation of a single- phase, delta connected induction motor
phase capacitor run induction motor is is 120 A, when the rated voltage is
reversed by applied to its stator winding. The
(A) Interchanging the terminals of the starting line current at a reduced
AC supply. voltage of 110 V, in ampere, is _________
(B) Interchanging the terminals of the
capacitor.
(C) Interchanging the terminals of the
auxiliary winding.
(D) Interchanging the terminals of both
the windings.

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. D] 3. [Ans. C]
Tst = 1.5 TfL Input power in stator
Tmax = 3TfL = √3 × 400 × 50 × 0.8 = 27.71 kW
Tst 1 2Smax Air gap power = 27.71 – 1.5 – 1.2
= =
Tmax 2 (Smax )2 + 12 = 25.01 kW
∴ 4 Smax = (Smax )2 + 1
(Smax )2 − 4Smax + 1 4. [Ans. B]
∴ Correct answer is, Smax = 26.79%. Rr′
For max. torque slip = Sm =
+ X rm ′
X sm
2. [Ans. A] For starting torque Sm = 1
Rotor resistance at stand still R = 7.8  X sm + X rm ′ = R′r
Synchronous speed 2 π fm Ls + 0.2 π fm Lr ′ = 1
120f (frequency at maximum torque)
Ns =
P 1
120 × 50 fm =
= = 1500 rpm 2π (Ls + Lr )
4 xs 1.5
The slip (s) of rotor with respect to Ls = =
2π × 50 2π × 50
forward field 1.5
′
Ns − Nr Lr =
s= 2π × 50
Ns 1
1500 − 1425 ∴ fm =
= = 0.05 1.5/50 + 1.5/50
1500 50
The slip of rotor with respect to backward =
3
field = 16.7 Hz
= 2 − s = 2 − 0.05 = 1.95 V1 400
Effective rotor resistance In const V/f control method = =8
f1 50
R2 ∴ V2 /f2 = 8
=
2(2 − s) ∴ V2 = f2 × 8
7.8 = 16.7 × 8
= = 2
2 × 1.95 = 133.3 volts

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

5. [Ans. A] V
120 × 50
Ns = = 1500 rpm
4
In the direction of rotation of rotor,
therefore, speed of the stator field with
respect to rotor 1500 − 1410 = 90 rpm
Ia
Im
6. [Ans. C]
90 Im leads Ia the fields created by the two
Slip = = 0.06 current also have same difference thereby
1500
Total power input to induction motor constituting an unbalanced field system.
within = 1800 – 200 = 1600 W The result is the production of the
Power output of induction motor starting torque.
P0 = (1 − s)Pin Space – orientation of the fied
= 1600 (1 − 0.06) = 1504 W Field due to Ia

Field due to Im
1504
∴ I 2 Rex = 1504 ⇒ I = √ = 12.26A
10

7. [Ans. A]
At point A if speed ↑ load torque also ↑
The motor rotates in the direction of
and if speed ↓ load torque ↓ hence A is
leading phase to lagging phase.
stable but at B if speed ↑ load torque ↓ as
In this case, the motor rotates anti-
vice versa B is unstable.
clockwise.
8. [Ans. B]
9. [Ans. A]
f= 50 Hz
X m ≫ X r or X s So it can be neglected from
Impedance of main winding
the circuit.
Zm = rm + j 2πfLm v
0.1 Is =
= 0.1 + j2π × 50 × √(rs + rr ) + (xs + xr )2
2
π
⇒ Zm = 0.1 + j 10 Is Xs rs
Impedance of auxiliary winding rr
Za = ra + j 2πfLa V
10 Xm
= 1 + j2π × 50 ×
π
Xr
⇒ Za = 1 + j 1000
Current through main winding
Vs 220
Im = = 10. [Ans. *] Not matching with IIT keys
Zm 0.1 + j10
Stator and rotor magnetic fields rotates at
⇒ Im = 22 − 89.4270 A
same speed. So difference in speed is zero.
Current through auxiliary winding
Speed of stator magnetic field is Ns
Vs 220
Ia = = (synchronous speed)
Za 1 + j1000
120f 120 × 50
= 0.22 − 89.942 Ns = = = 1000rpm
p 6
Taking Vs as the reference
Rotor speed = Ns (1 − s) = 950 rpm

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

So, speed of rotor with respect to stator 16. [Ans. C]

magnetic field Tfull 2
= s smax
= Nr − Ns = 950 − 1000 Tmax +
smax s
= −50 rpm.
smax = slip at which max torque appears
R
11. [Ans. D] =x
smax
Ns − Nr
Slip, S= smax = 0.1087
Ns
full load slip = 0.03
Where, Ns = synchronous speed (0.03) 0.108
Nr – rotor speed Tmax 0.108
+ ( 0.03 )
So = = 1.938
As the shaft torque depends upon rotor Tfull 2
speed therefore the slip also depends on
shaft torque. 17. [Ans. C]
And core-losses are independent of slip Given data:
3 − ϕ, 4 pole self excited induction
12. [Ans. B] generator, feeding power at frequency f1
At standstill , the rotor current is Condition 1:-
E2 In induction generator N > Ns ; speed of
I2 =
√R + X 2
2 generator 1500rpm
As losses are zero ∴ N = 1500rpm i. e. , Ns < 1500 rpm
E2 E2 PNs
⇒ I2 = = f1 = ⇒ if Ns = 1500 rpm , f1 = 50 Hz
X jωL 120
I2 E2 ω′ But Ns < 1500 rpm ⇒ f1 < 50 Hz
∴ ′ = ′× Condition 2:-
I2 E2 ω
236 × 50 If load is partially removed and frequency
⇒ I2′ = × 50 = 45 A f2 speed of generator is constant
230 × 57
therefore Ns < 1500 rpm, but load
13. [Ans. D] removed means speed of the RMF is
increased compared to previous
14. [Ans. B] condition
fnegative = (2 − S)f ∴ f2 < 50 Hz but f2 > f1
1500 − 1440 ∴ f1 , f2 < 50 Hz, f2 > f1
f = 50; S = = 0.04
1500
fnegative = (2 − 0.04) × 50 = 98Hz 18. [Ans. *] Range: 6.97 to 7.03
At 0.6 lagging power factor
15. [Ans. *] Range: 3.2 to 3.5 VI cos θ = 12 MW
Frequency of rotor current of motor = sf VI × 0.6 = 12
f → supply frequency 12
V=
s → slip of motor 0.6
120f 120 × 50 12
Q1 = VI sin θ = × 0.8 MVAR
Ns = = = 750 rpm 0.6
P 8
Ns − Nr 50 At 0.8 lagging power factor
s= = V ′ I ′ cos θ′ = 12
Ns 750
50 (real power remain same)
sf = × 50 = 3.3 V ′ I ′ × 0.8 = 12
750
12
V′I′ =
0.8

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

12 Due to main +
Q2 = × 0.6 auxiliary + switch
0.8
Q supplied = Q1 − Q 2 Main winding only
12 × 0.8 12 × 0.6 Torque
= −
0.6 0.8
= 16 − 9 = 7 MVAR
0.7Ns Auxiliary
19. [Ans. B] Speed 𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠

 Due to malfunctioning centrifugal

20. [Ans. A] switch not opened, so that auxiliary
3 − ϕ, slip ring induction motor, provided winding also present even motor
with commutator winding motor rotates reaches greater than 70% Ns so that
in clockwise direction when the rotor torque slip characteristics will change
windings are closed. i.e., in motor as shown in figure below
operation
Now rotor winding is open circuited and
the system is made to run at rotational Torque
speed fr in anticlockwise direction. In this
condition operates as induction generator
so rotor rotates a head of stator R.M.F and
therefore frequency across slip rings is 0.7Ns
"f + fr " = f1frequency of voltages across Speed
commutator brushes is ′f ′ = f2
22. [Ans. *] Range: 401.5 to 401.7
21. [Ans. C] 0.04Ω j0.22Ω I2 j0.22Ω

1 − ϕ capacitor start induction motor

+
j6.28Ω 0.05
210V Ω
Centrifugal s
Main
1−ϕ winding switch −
A.C supply
210
I2 = = 205.09∠ − 12.04
 The currents induced in both main, (1 + j0.22)Ω
auxiliary winding with 90° phase Pcu = 3I22R 2
displacement. So that as per induction = 3 × (205.09)2 × 0.05
principle R.M.F will produce and then Pcu = 6.309 kW
M/c will rotates with some starting pcu = SPg
torque (Tst ) Pcu
 Centrifugal switch is designed here Pg =
S
when 70% of NS reached it will open 6.309
Pg =
i.e., auxiliary winding is removed 0.05
electrically and M/c will rotates as per Pg = 126.18 kW
doubled field revolving theory. Pg 126.18 × 1000W
T= = ;
 Torque slip characteristics as shown in ωs 314.15
figure below 2πN 2π × 3000
ωs = = = 314.15
60 60
T = 401.65 Nm

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

23. [Ans. *] Range: 0.16 to 0.18

Smt = r2 /x2
r2 0.03
0.15 = = ⇒ x2 = 0.2Ω
x2 x2
For Test = Temax
Test 2
= 1 = 1 ⇒ SmT = 1
Temax + SmT
SmT
r2′
1= = ⇒ r2′ = x2 = 0.2Ω
x2
Extra resistance = 0.2 − 0.03 = 0.17Ω/ph

24. [Ans. C]
Inter changing the terminals of the
auxiliary winding

25. [Ans. *] Range: 31.0 to 33.0

415 V, 3-phase, Δ connected induction
motor (Ist )line = 120 A at rated voltage.
At, V = 110 V, i.e. reduced voltage
Ist = x(Ist )rated
Vreduced
Where, x =
Vrated
110
x=
415
110
(Ist ) at 110 V = ( ) × 120
415
= 31.807 A

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

D.C. Machine

EE-2007 (A) VA’B’

1. The dc motor, which can provide zero
speed regulation at full load without any
controller is ωt
(A) series
0 0.2π 0.4π 0.6π 0.8π π
(B) shunt
(C) cumulative compound (B)
VA’B’
(D) differential compound

EE-2008 ωt
Statement for Linked Answer Q.No. 2 & 3 0 0.2π 0.4π 0.6π 0.8π π
A 240 V, dc shunt motor draws 15 A while
(C)
supplying the rated load at a speed of
VA’B’
80rad/s. The armature Resistance is 0.5 Ω
and the field winding resistance is 80 Ω.
2. The net voltage across the armature
resistance at the time of plugging will be ωt
(A) 6V (C) 240 V 0.2π 0.4π 0.6π 0.8π π
Ra Ra
(B) 234V (D) 474 V (D) Ra
VA’B’
3. The external resistance to be added in the
armature circuit to limit the armature
current to 125% of its rated value is ωt

(A) 31.1 Ω (C) 15.1 Ω 0 0.2π 0.4π 0.6π 0.8π π

(B) 31.9 Ω (D) 15.9 Ω
EE-2010
EE-2009 5. A separately excited dc machine is
4. Figure shows the extended view of a coupled to a 50Hz, three-phase, 4-pole
2 pole dc machine with 10 armature induction machine as shown in the figure.
conductors. Normal brush positions are The dc machine is energized first and the
shown by A and B, placed at the machines rotate at 1600 rpm.
inter polar axis. If the brushes are now Subsequently the induction machine is
shifted, in the direction of rotation, to A' also connected to a 50Hz, three-phase
and B' as shown, the voltage waveform source, the phase sequence being
VA′ B′ will resemble consistent with the direction of rotation.
N S In steady state,
Induction machine
DC machine 50 Hz,
4 pole, 50 Hz
balanced
B’ A’
B − A
+ three-phase
− + supply

(A) both machines act as generators

1 2 3 4 5 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’
5
(B) the dc machine acts as a generator,
Rotation at speed ω rad/sec and induction machine acts as a
motor

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

(C) the dc machine acts as a motor, and 9. A 4-point starter is used to start and
the induction machine acts a control the speed of a
generator (A) dc shunt motor with armature
(D) both machines act as motors resistance control
(B) dc shunt motor with field weakening
Common Data for Questions 6 and 7 control
A separately excited DC motor runs at (C) dc series motor
1500 rpm under no-load with 200V (D) dc compound motor
applied to the armature. The field voltage
is maintained at its rated value. The speed EE-2012
of the motor, when it delivers at torque of 10. A 220 V, 15 kW, 1000 rpm shunt motor
5 Nm, is 1400 rpm as shown in the figure. with armature resistance of 0.25 Ω, has a
The rotational losses and armature rated line current of 68 A and a rated field
reaction are neglected. current of 2.2 A. The change in field flux
Speed (rpm) required to obtain a speed of 1600 rpm
while drawing a line current of 52.8 A and
1500 a field current of 1.8 A is
1400 (A) 18.18 % increase
(B) 18.18 % decrease
(C) 36.36 % increase
(D) 36.36 % decrease

EE-2014
torque
0 5 11. A 250 V dc shunt machine has armature
(Nm)
6. The armature resistance of the motor is. circuit resistance of 0.6 Ω and field circuit
(A) 2Ω (C) 4.4Ω resistance of 125 Ω. The machine is
(B) 3.4Ω (D) 7.7Ω connected to 250 V supply mains. The
motor is operated as a generator and then
7. For the motor to deliver a torque of as a motor separately. The line current of
2.5Nm at 1400 rpm, the armature voltage the machine in both the cases is 50 A. The
to be applied is ratio of the speed as a generator to the
(A) 125.5V (C) 200V speed as a motor is ___
(B) 193.3V (D) 241.7V
12. The no-load speed of a 230 V separately
EE-2011 excited dc motor is 1400 rpm. The
8. A 220 V, DC shunt motor is operating at a armature resistance drop and the brush
speed of 1440 rpm. The armature drop are neglected. The field current is
resistance is 1.0 Ω and armature current kept constant at rated value. The torque
is 10 A. If the excitation of the machine is of the motor in Nm for an armature
reduced by 10%, the extra resistance to current of 8 A is __________
be put in the armature circuit to maintain
the same speed and torque will be 13. A separately excited 300 V DC shunt
(A) 1.79 Ω (C) 3.1 Ω motor under no load runs at 900 rpm
(B) 2.1 Ω (D) 18.9 Ω drawing an armature current of 2 A. The
armature resistance is 0.5Ω. and leakage
inductance is 0.01 H. When loaded, the
armature current is 15 A. Then the speed
in rpm is_________

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

14. A 15 kW, 230 V dc shunt motor has the armature voltage is set so that the
armature circuit resistance of 0.4 Ω and rotor speed is 500 rpm. When the load
field circuit resistance of 230 Ω. At no torque is reduced to 50% of the full load
load and rated voltage, the motor runs at value under the same armature voltage
1400 rpm and the line current drawn by conditions, the speed rises to 520 rpm.
the motor is 5 A. At full load, the motor Neglecting the rotational losses, the full
draws a line current of 70 A. Neglect load armature current (in Ampere) is
armature reaction. The full load speed of _________
the motor in rpm is ____________
18. A 4-pole, separately excited, wave wound
EE - 2015 DC machine with negligible armature
15. A separately excited DC generator has an resistance is rated for 230 V and 5 kW at a
armature resistance of 0.1 Ω and speed of 1200 rpm. If the same armature
negligible armature inductance. At rated coils are reconnected to form a lap
field current and rated rotor speed, its winding, what is the rated voltage (in
open-circuit voltage is 200 V. When this volts) and power (in kW) respectively at
generator is operated at half the rated 1200 rpm of the reconnected machine if
speed, with half the rated field current, an the field circuit is left unchanged?
un-charged 1000 μF capacitor is suddenly (A) 230 and 5 (C) 115 and 2.5
connected across the armature terminals. (B) 115 and 5 (D) 230 and 2.5
Assume that the speed remains
unchanged during the transient. At what 19. A shunt-connected DC motor operates at
time (in microsecond) after the capacitor its rated terminal voltage. Its no-load
is connected will the voltage across it speed is 200 radian/second. At its rated
reach 25 V? torque of 500 Nm, its speed is 180
(A) 62.25 (C) 73.25 radian/second. The motor is used to
(B) 69.3 (D) 77.3 directly drive a load whose load torque TL
depends on its rotational speed ωr (in
16. A DC motor has the following radian/second), such that TL = 2.78 × ωr .
specifications: 10 hp, 37.5 A, 230 V; Neglecting rotational losses, the steady-
flux/pole = 0.01 Wb, number of poles = state speed (in radian/second) of the
4, number of conductors = 666, number motor, when it drives this load, is
of parallel paths = 2. Armature resistance __________
= 0.267 Ω. The armature reaction is
negligible and rotational losses are 600 20. With an armature voltage of 100 V and
W. The motor operates from a 230 V DC rated field winding voltage, the speed of a
supply. If the motor runs at 1000 rpm, the separately excited DC motor driving a fan
output torque produced (in Nm) is _______ is 1000 rpm, and its armature current is
10 A. The armature resistance is 1 Ω. The
17. A separately excited DC motor runs at load torque of the fan load is proportional
1000 rpm on no load when its armature to the square of the rotor speed.
terminals are connected at a 200V DC Neglecting rotational losses, the value of
source and the rated voltage is applied to the armature voltage (in Volt) which will
the field winding. The armature reduce the rotor speed to 500 rpm is
resistance of this motor is 1 Ω. The no- ___________
load armature current is negligible. With
the motor developing its full load torque,

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

EE - 2016 (C)
21. A 4-pole, lap-connected, separately I
excited dc motor is drawing a steady 10A
T = 25 ms
current of 40 A while running at 600 rpm.
A good approximation for the waveshape
t
of the current in an armature conductor −10A
of the motor is given by T = 25 ms
(A) (D) I
I 10 A 10A
T = 25 ms

t
t T = 25 ms
−10A
(B) 40 A
I 22. A DC shunt generator delivers 45 A at a
terminal voltage of 220 V. The armature
and the shunt field resistances are 0.01 Ω
t and 44 Ω respectively. The stray losses
are 375 W. The percentage efficiency of
the DC generator is __________

Answer Keys & Explanations

EE
1. [Ans. D] 3. [Ans. A]
Speed – current characteristics of DC 474
Here, Ia = 12 × 1.25 =
motors R a + R ext
Speed R a + R ext = 31.6
Differential compound ∴ R ext = 31.1Ω

n0
4. [Ans. A]
When brushes are shifted in the direction
of motor rotation then rise time less than
Shunt
Cumulative comp. fall time
Series
Ia N
(Ia)full load
Leading tip Trailing tip
It can seen from the characteristics, speed
regulation can be zero at full load in the
B′ ϕar
case of differential component dc motor.
A′
2. [Ans. D]
240 V, shunt motor 15A, N = 80 rad/sec
Trailing tip Leading tip
R a = 0.5 R sh = 80Ω S
E = 240 − 12 × 0.5 = 234
Vplugging = V + E = 240 + 234 = 474 V

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

Where Ia is function of torque,

N To Develop 5 N-m it requires 3.925 A
2.5
Ia = 3.925 ( )
5
3.925
Ia = = 1.9625 A
2
Vapplied = 186.67 + (1.9625)(3.39)
Force
= 193.3 V
DC machines is acting as DC motor
When the brush is shifted in the direction
8. [Ans. A]
of rotation in the DC motor, field gets
Ia1 = 10
magnetized.
Now flux is decreased by 10%, so
Due to armature reaction, leading tip of
ϕ2 = 0.9 ϕ1
N-pole and S-pole demagnetized.
Torque is constant so Ia1 ϕ1 = Ia2 ϕ2
But increase in flux density.
10
Due to magnetized effect of armature ⇒ I a2 = = 11.11 A
0.9
reaction waveform of VA′ B′ will be as Eb N1 Eb1 ϕ2
given option (a) N ∝ ⇒ = ×
ϕ N2 Eb2 ϕ1
220 − Ia1 r1 0.9ϕ1
5. [Ans. C] = ×
220 − Ia2 (r1 + R) ϕ1
120f 120 × 50
Synchronous speed Ns = = 210 × 0.9
p 4 [1 = ]⇒1+R
220 − 11.11(1 + R)
=1500 rpm
= 2.79 ⇒ R = 1.79 Ω
So, slip S < 0
Hence, dc machine acts as a motor and 9. [Ans. B]
Induction machine acts as a generator. 4-point starter is used to control the
speed of shunt motor in field weakening
6. [Ans. B] region.
At no load I0 = 0, N0 = 1500 rpm, i.e.; above rated speeds.
Ea = V= 200 V In field weakening region field current
Assuming N ∝ Ea, will reduce in 3 – point starter holding
At N = 1400 rpm coil unable to hold the plugges in ON
1400
⇒ Ea = 200 × position.
1500
= 186.67 V 10. [Ans. D]
2π
Tω 5 × 1400 × 60 N1 Eb1 ϕ2
Ia = = = ×
Ea 186.67 N2 Eb2 ϕ3
= 3.925 A R a = 0.25; Ia = 68 − 2.2 = 65.8A;
Ia R a = V − E Ia2 = 52.8 − 1.8 = 51A
= 200 − 186.67 1000 220 − 65.8 × 0.25 ϕ2
=[ ]×
= 13.33 V 1600 220 − 51 × 0.25 ϕ1
13.33 ϕ2
Ra = = 3.39 Ω = 0.6364
3.925 ϕ1
ϕ1 − ϕ2
%decrease = × 100
7. [Ans. B] ϕ1
For N = 1400 rpm, Ea = 186.67 V ϕ2
= [1 − ] × 100
Required ‘V’ = Ea + Ia R a ϕ1
= 186.67 + Ia (3.39) = 36.36%decrease

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

11. [Ans. *] Range 1.22 to 1.32 under loaded condition

Given data: 300 = 15 × 0.5 + Eb
Dc shunt machine operated as generator Eb = 292.5
and motor separately k1 ω 292.5
=
R a = 0.6Ω k1 900 299
R sh = 125Ω 292.5
ω= × 900 = 880.43 rpm
V = 250V 299
ILg = ILM = 50A
Find: ratio of speed as a generator to 14. [Ans. *] Range 1239 to 1242
speed as motor IL
+
V 250 Ia
In generator: Ish = = = 2A If
R sh 125
Ia = ILg + Ish = 50 + 2 = 52A Field
+ Va
Eg = V + Ia R a Eb winding
= 250 + 52 × 0.6 −
= 281.2V
In motor operation: −
Ia = ILM − Ish At no load
= 50 − 2 = 48A Va = 0.4Ia + Eb
Eb = V − Ia R a 230
= 250 − 48 × 0.6 = 221.2V If = = 1 A (at rated voltage)
230
NG speed as generator Eg ϕM Ia = 5 − 1 = 4A
∴ = = ×
NM Speed as motor EM ϕg 230 = 4 × 0.4 + Eb
[ϕM = ϕg In shunt M⁄c] Eb = 228.4
NG Eg 281.2 At rated load
= = = 1.271 Va = Ia ra + Eb′
NM EM 221.2
230 = (70 − 1)0.4 + Eb′
12. [Ans. *] Range 12.45 to 12.65 Eb′ = 202.4
No load k1 N 202.4
= [Eb = kω]
Eb = 230V k 2 × 1400 228.4
k × 1400 = 230 N = 1240.63 rpm
230
k= 15. [Ans. B]
1400
Field current is kept constant at rated Eb2 N2 ϕ2 0.5N1 × 0.5ϕ1
= =
value so k will be same at I = 8A Eb1 N1 ϕ1 N1 × ϕ1
230 Eb2 = 0.25 × Eb1 = 0.25 × 200 = 50
T = ki = (8) ×
1400 τ = R × C = 0.1 × 1000μ
230 t 6
= (8 × × 60/2π) in Nm 50 = 2000e−100×10
1400
= 12.557 Nm t = 69.3 μsec

13. [Ans. *] Range: 879 to 881 16. [Ans. *] Range: 57 to 58

ϕZNP
No load Eb =
300 = Ia ra + Eb 60 A
Eb = 222 V
300 = 0.5 × 2 + Eb V − Eb 230 − 222
Eb = 299 Ia = =
Ra 0.267
k 900 = 299

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

= 29.9625 A 19. [Ans. *] Range: 177 to 183

60 Under steady state load torque = motor
T= [222 × 29.96 − 600]
2π(1000) torque
= 57.8 N‐ m 500 = 2.78 × ωT
ωT =179.86 rad/sec
17. [Ans. *] Range: 8 to 8
Given N1 = 1000 rpm 20. [Ans. *] Range: 47.3 to 47.5
V = 200 V E1 = V − Ia1 R a
Ra = 1 Ω = 100 − 10 × 1
No load back e. m. f Eb1 = 200 V E1 = 90V
N2 = 500 rpm E1 = k n ϕN
T3 = 0.5 T2 E1 = k n ϕ × 1000
N3 = 520 rpm 90
kn ϕ = = 0.09
Eb1 1000 1000
= ⇒ Eb 2 = 100 V 30
Eb 2 500 ka ϕ = × kn ϕ
100 = V − Ia 2 π
30
Eb1 1000 ka ϕ = × 0.09 = 0.859
= ⇒ Eb 2 = 104 π
Eb 2 520 T = k a ϕIa1
104 = V − Ia 3 T1 = 8.59 N-m
T2 Ia2 T2 Ia Ia As given in the question
∝ ⇒ = 1 ⇒ Ia 3 = 2
T3 Ia3 0.5T2 Ia 3 2 T2 N2 T2 500 2
Solving ①, ② and ③ Ia 2 = 8 A =( )⇒ =( )
T1 N1 8.59 1000
⇒ T2 = 2.1475 N-m
18. [Ans. B] T2 Ia2 0.2147 Ia2
= ⇒ =
Pole = 4, V = E = 230V; T1 Ia1 0.859 10
P = 5 kW; N = 1200 rpm Ia2 = 2.49A
1 NPϕz E 2 N2
E∝ as E = =
No. of parallel paths 60A E1 N1
Elap Awave N2
= E2 = × E1
Ewave Alap N1
2 500
Elap = × 230 = 115V E2 = × 90
4 1000
IA = aIC E2 = 45V
In lap winding IA = 4IC V2 = E2 + Ia R
In wave winding IA = 2IC = 45 + 2.49 × 1
As first the machine is connected as wave V2 = 47.49V
P = EIA
5000 21. [Ans. C]
IA = = 21.73A
230 4 pole, lap-connected separately excited
IC 21.73 dc motor, N = 6000 rpm
IC = = = 10.8A
2 2 Parallel path = 4 = Number of poles
In lap winding IC = 4 × 10.86 = 43.46A
40
P = EIa = 115 × 43.46 = 5 kW Current in each parallel path = 10A
4
Current in aramture conductor = 10A

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

40 A
10 A 10 A 10 A 10 A

Speed = 600 rpm

120 × f
N= = 600
4
600 × 4
f= = 20 Hz
120
1 1
Time period, T = =
f 20
= 50 msec
So,
I

10 A

−10 A
50 msec

22. [Ans. *] Range: 86 to 87

45 A
Ia Ish
220 V

0.01 Ω 44 Ω

Stay losses = 375 Watt

2
Total copper losses = Ia2 Ra + Ish Rsh
2 2
= 50 × (0.01) + (5) × 44
= 1125 Watt
O⁄p
η=
O⁄p + losses
220 × 45
=
220 × 45 + (1125) + 375
= 0.86842 or 86.84%

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

Synchronous Machine

EE-2007 5. Keeping the excitation voltage same, the

1. A three-phase synchronous motor load on the motor is increased such that
connected to ac main is running at full the motor current increase by 20%. The
load and unity power factor. If its shaft operating power will become
load is reduced by half, with field current (A) 0.995 lagging (C) 0.791 lagging
held constant, its new power factor will be (B) 0.995 leading (D) 0.848 leading
(A) unity
(B) leading EE-2009
(C) lagging 6. A field excitation of 20 A in a certain
(D) dependent on machine parameters alternator results in an armature current
of 400A in short circuit and a terminal
2. A 100kVA. 415 V (line), Star-connected voltage of 2000V on open circuit. The
synchronous machine generates rated magnitude of the internal voltage drop
open circuit voltage of 415 V at field within the machine at a load current
current of 15A. The short circuit armature of 200A is
current at a field current of 10 A is equal (A) 1V (C) 100V
(B) 10V (D) 1000V
to the rated armature current. The per
unit saturated synchronous reactance is
EE-2011
(A) 1.731 (C) 0.666
7. The direct axis and quadrature axis
(B) 1.5 (D) 0.577
reactances of a salient pole alternator are
EE-2008 1.2 p.u and 1.0 p.u respectively. The
3. Distributed winding and short chording armature resistance is negligible. If this
employed in AC machines will result in alternator is delivering rated kVA at upf
(A) Increase in emf and reduction in and at rated voltage then its power angle
harmonics. is
(B) Increase in emf and increase in (A) 30° (C) 60°
(B) 45° (D) 90°
harmonics.
(C) Increase in both emf and harmonics.
8. A three-phase, salient pole synchronous
(D) Reduction in both emf and
motor is connected to an infinite bus. It is
harmonics.
operated at no load at normal excitation.
The field excitation of the motor is first
Statement for Linked Answer Q.No 4 and 5
reduced to zero and then increased in the
A synchronous motor is connected to an
reverse direction gradually. Then the
infinite bus at 1.0pu voltage and draws
armature current
0.6 pu current at unity power factor. Its
(A) Increase continuously
synchronous reactance is 1.0pu and
(B) First increases and then decreases
resistance is negligible.
steeply
4. The excitation voltage (E) and load angle
(C) First decreases and then increases
(δ) will respectively be
steeply
(A) 0.8 pu and 36.86o lag
(D) Remains constant
(B) 0.8pu and 36.86o lead
(C) 1.17 pu and 30.96° lead
(D) 1.17 pu and 30.96° lag

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

EE-2013 RY B

9. A single-phase transformer has no-load R′

loss of 64 W, as obtained from an open- Y′ ~
circuit test. When a short-circuit test is B′
performed on it with 90% of the rated
La
~ ~
current flowing in its both LV and HV
Lb
windings, the measured loss is 81 W. The Infinite Incoming
Bus Lc
transformer has maximum efficiency Generator

when operated at It was found that the lamps are becoming

(A) 50.0% of the rated current. dark in the sequence La -Lb -Lc . It means
(B) 64.0% of the rated current. that the phase sequence of incoming
(C) 80.0% of the rated current. generator is
(D) 88.8% of the rated current. (A) opposite to infinite bus and its
frequency is more than infinite bus
10. The angle δ in the swing equation of a (B) opposite to infinite bus but its
synchronous generator is the frequency is less than infinite bus
(A) Angle between stator voltage and (C) same as infinite bus and its
current frequency is more than infinite bus
(B) Angular displacement of the rotor (D) same as infinite bus and its
with respect to the stator frequency is less than infinite bus
(C) Angular displacement of the stator
mmf with respect to a synchronously 13. A 20-pole alternator is having 180
rotating axis. identical stator slots with 6 conductors in
(D) Angular displacement of an axis fixed each slot. All the coils of a phase are in
to the rotor with respect to a series. If the coils are connected to realize
synchronously rotating axis. single-phase winding, the generated
voltage is V1 . If the coils are reconnected
EE-2014 to realize three-phase star-connected
11. A star connected 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole winding, the generated phase voltage is
synchronous machine gave the following V2 . Assuming full pitch, single-layer
open circuit and short circuit test results: winding, the ratio V1 /V2 is
Open circuit test: VOC = 400 V (A) 1/√3 (C) √3
(rms, line-to-line) at field current, If = 2.3 A (B) 1/2 (D) 2
Short circuit test: ISC = 10 A (rms, phase)
at field current, If = 1.5 A 14. In a synchronous machine, hunting is
The value of per phase synchronous predominantly damped by
impedance in Ω at rated voltage is ________ (A) mechanical losses in the rotor
(B) iron losses in the rotor
12. A three phase synchronous generator is (C) copper losses in the stator
to be connected to the infinite bus. The (D) copper losses in the rotor
lamps are connected as shown in the
figure for the synchronization. The phase 15. A non-salient pole synchronous generator
sequence of bus voltage is R-Y-B and that having synchronous reactance of 0.8 pu is
of incoming generator voltage is R'-Y'-B'. supplying 1 pu power to a unity power
factor load at a terminal voltage of 1.1 pu.
Neglecting the armature resistance, the
angle of the voltage behind the

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

synchronous reactance with respect to of 0.6 pu. Resistance of the machine is

the angle of the terminal voltage in negligible. It is drawing full-load current
degrees is _________ at 0.8 pf (leading). When the terminal
voltage is 1 pu, per-phase induced
EE - 2015 voltage, in pu, is ___________
16. A three-phase, 11 kV, 50 Hz, 2 pole, star
connected, cylindrical rotor synchronous 18. The power consumption of an industry is
motor is connected to an 11 kV, 50 Hz 500 kVA, at 0.8 p.f. lagging. A synchronous
source. Its synchronous reactance is 50 Ω motor is added to raise the power factor
per phase, and its stator resistance is of the industry to unity. If the power
negligible. The motor has a constant field intake of the motor is 100 kW, the p.f. of
excitation. At a particular load torque, its the motor is ___________
stator current is 100 A at unity power
factor. If the load torque is increased so 19. A 50 MVA, 10 kV, 50 Hz, star-connected,
that the stator current is 120 A, then the unloaded three-phase alternator has a
load angle (in degrees) at this load is synchronous reactance of 1 p.u. and a
_________ sub-transient reactance of 0.2 p.u. If a 3-
phase short circuit occurs close to the
EE - 2016 generator terminals, the ratio of initial
17. A three-phase, 50 Hz salient-pole and final values of the sinusoidal
synchronous motor has a per-phase component of the short circuit current is
direct-axis reactance (X d ) of 0.8 pu and a ___________
per-phase quadrature-axis reactance (X q )

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. B] 2. [Ans. C]
Ia Xs Saturation of field poles occur for a field
current equal to for which rated open
circuited voltage is obtained.
Vt ~ Ef ∴ Isc for 10A is Ia(rated)
15
Isc for 15A = ×I
10 a(rated)
Neglecting armature resistance Ra 100 × 103
∴ Ia(rated) = = 139.12 A
Vt=Ef +jIa Xs √3 × 415
Ia2
Ise for 15A = 208.68 A
Vt
415
Ia1 ∴ Zs(saturated) = = 1.988 ohm
208.68
jIa2Xs Ia(rated) × Zs = 139.12 × 1.988 = 276.66 V
Reduced load 276.66
p. u Zs(saturated) = = 0.666
jIa1Xs Ef at shaft 415
load at shaft
Ef 2nd Method
It can be seen from the phasor diagram (415⁄√3)
Zs(saturated) ⁄ph = = 1.147 V
that, when load is reduced at shaft 208.68
keeping field current constant the new Ia(rated) × (Zs ⁄ph) = 159.678V
power factor becomes leading. 159.678
Zs(p.u) = = 0.666
(415⁄√3)

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

3. [Ans. D] 8. [Ans. B]
Induced emf Eph = 4.44k p k d ϕfTph As field current reduces the flux will start
As KP & kd values are less than ‘1’ for reducing, to keep this flux constant the
distributed & short pitched winding, the armature draws high current from bus. At
induced emf reduces. zero field current the motor acts as
To eliminate higher order harmonics we synchronous reluctance motor in this
use distributed winding and to eliminate case the magnetizing current fully taken
the dominant harmonics i.e., 5th & 7th we from bus, if we increase field current in
use pitched winding. reverse direction to keep flux constant
motor draws more current. During this
4. [Ans. D] process the load angle increases at one
V = 1 ∠0 pu point the reversed field force dominates
Ia = 0.6∠0 reluctance torque and rotor slips one pole
zs = R a + jX s = 0 + j1 = 1∠90 pu pitch and align to opposite pole. The
E∠δ = Vt − Ia X s = 1∠0 − 0.6∠0 × 1∠900 instant aligns to opposite pole the flux
E ∠δ = 1.166 ∠ − 30.960 pu (It is lagging) will be very high to reduce this flux
∴ excitation voltage = 1.17 pu current drops steeply to synchronous
∴ load angle (δ) = 30.960 motor value. Here torque is reluctance
+ synchronous motor torque.
5. [Ans. A]
Let power factor = cos ϕ lagging 9. [Ans. C]
Ia = 0.6 × 12 = 0.72 pu Cu.Loss at 90% load = 81W
E∠δ = Vt − j Ia ∠ − ϕ × X s Cu load at any X fractional load
E(cosδ + j sin δ) = X 2 full load cu. loss
= 1∠0o − j Ia X s (cos ϕ − j sin ϕ) 81
full load cu. loss = = 100W
= 1 − j 0.72 × 1(cos ϕ − j sin ϕ) (0.9)2
= (1 − 0.72 sin ϕ) − j 0.72 cos ϕ For maximum efficiency
E 2 = (1 − 0.72 sin ϕ)2 + (0.72 cos ϕ)2 x 2 (100) = 64
= 1 + 0.722 sin2 ϕ − 1.44 sin ϕ + 0.722 cos 2 ϕ 64
1.172 = 1 + 0.722 − 1.44 sinϕ x=√ = 0.8
100
sin ϕ = 0.1038
80% of rated load
ϕ = 5.96o
cos ϕ ≈ 0.995 lagging
10. [Ans. D]

6. [Ans. D] 11. [Ans. *] Range 14.5 to 15.5

2000
Internal resistance = = 5Ω Ef (at 2.3A) = 400V (L − L)
400 400
Internal voltage drop = 5×200 = 1000V = Phase
√3
1.5 400
7. [Ans. B] Ef (at 1.5A) = ×
2.3 √3
Ia (xq cos θ + ra sin θ)
Tan δ = 400 1.5 1
Vt + Ia (xq sin θ − ra cos θ) X in Ω(per phase) = × ×
√3 2.3 10
Ia = 1 p. u; Vt = 1 p. u θ = Power factor = 15.06Ω
angle = 0°
xd = 1.2p. u; xq = 1p. u; ra = 0
Tan δ = 1 ⇒ δ = 45°

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

12. [Ans. A] sin 90 1

= = =2
In Synchronization [In figure lights are sin 30 1/2
connected in correct position V1
=2
i.e., R − R′ y − y′,B − B′] V2
1. Observe the lights which are
connected across switches, they 14. [Ans. D]
should beat, first get brighter and In a synchronous machine, hunting is
then dim as the phasor for generator predominantly damped by damper
and bus respectively shift. If ‘3’ lights winding in other words when hunting
beats concurrently, the phase occurs in a system as per induction
sequence is correct. Else if lights beat principle a currents is induced in damper
out of phase, one pair of phases winding those will give either induction
should be reversed generator torque or motor torque. Which
2. Adjust now the prime mover to is in phase/opposite phase to rotation as
slowly increase/decrease the speed of per options by copper losses in rotor
incoming generator. One should hunting is damped because induced
observe a slow beat of the light currents will give losses also. In case of
brightness salient pole synchronous machine.
3. When the lamps beats slowly, the In case of cylindrical generator no
switches should be closed when the damper winding present rotor core itself
lights are extinguished act as good damper bar and induced
In given data lamps are becoming dark in current called eddy currents.
the sequence La − Lb − Lc it means that
phase sequence of incoming generator is 15. [Ans. *] Range: 32.4 to 34.0
opposite to infinite bus and its frequency P(pu)
I(pu) =
is more than infinite bus. V(pu) cos θ
1
= = 0.909∠0°
13. [Ans. D] 1.1 × (1)
Given data: power factory = unity
20 pole alternator Ef ∠δ − 1.1∠0
= 0.909∠0
Total number of turns (T) = 180 × 6 × 2 0.8∠90°
For1 − ϕ = T ⇒ phase spread Ef ∠δ − 1.1∠0 = 0.7272 ∠ 90°
= 180° Ef ∠δ = 1.1 + 0.7272j
T 0.7272
For 3 − ϕ = ⇒ phase spread tan δ =
3 1.1
= 60° δ = 33.468°
In 1 − ϕ winding generated voltage
= V1
3 − ϕ winding generated phase voltage 16. [Ans. *] Range: 47.27 to 47.27
= V2 Ef = Vt − Ia × S
We know that 11
= kV − j100 × 50 = 6350 − j5000
Eph = K d Tph √3
Where Eph → Generated voltage in phase |Ef | = 8082.23
manner (Ia × S)2 = Ef2 + Vt2 − 2Ef Vt cos δ
k d → Distribution factor (120 × 50)2
Tph → Number of turns per phase = 8082.232 + 63502 − 2 × 8082.23
V1 Eph(1−ϕ)180° sin 180/2 60 T × 6350 × cos δ
= = × .
V2 Eph(3−ϕ)60° sin 60/2 180 T/3 δ = 47.27°

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

17. [Ans. *] Range: 1.58 to 1.62

Synchronous motor at leading p.f.
X d = 0.8, ϕ = 36.86
X q = 0.6, R q = 0
V sin ϕ + Ia . X a
tan ψ =
V cos ϕ
ψ = 56.30
For synchronous motor at leading p.f.
ψ=ϕ+δ
⇒ δ = 19.70°
Now, e = V cos δ + Id X d
Id = Ia sin ϕ = 0.831
E = (1) cos(19.7) + (0.831)(0.8) = 1.606

18. [Ans. *] Range: 0.31 to 0.33

P1 = 500 × 0.8 = 400 kW
Q1 = 500 × 0.6 = 300 kVAR
The power factor is to be raised to unity
The motor has to supply 300 kVAR
The motor rating is 100 kW, 300 kVAR
Q
ϕm = tan−1 ( )
P
300
ϕm = tan−1 ( ) = 71.56
100
Power factor of motor = cos ϕm
= cos 71.56 = 0.316

19. [Ans. *] Range: 4.9 to 5.1

Eg Eg
I ′′ = ′′ ; I = ;
Xd X
I ′′ X 1.0
= ′′ = = 5.0 p. u
I X d 0.2

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

Principles of Electro Mechanical Energy Conversion

EE-2007
1. The electromagnetic torque Te of a drive,
and its connected load torque TL are as
shown below. Out of the operating points
A, B, C and D, the stable ones are
(A) T
Te TL

Speed
(B) T
Te

TL
B

Speed
(C) T
Te
C

TL

Speed
(C) T Te

D
TL

Speed
(A) A, C, D (C) A, D
(B) B, C (D) B, C, D

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. A] So, rotor accelerates and speed increases.

Accelerating torque = Ta = Te − TL It speed increases due to some
T Te disturbances
TL Te < TL
⇒ Ta = Te − TL < 0
So, rotor decelerates and speed decreases
A
So, point A, C, D are stable.
Te
T
Speed
TL
T C
Te B

TL Speed
At point B,
Speed Te = TL
T Te Ta = Te − TL = 0
If speed decreases, due to some
disturbance
D
Te < TL
TL Ta = Te − TL < 0
So rotor decelerates, and rotor speed
Speed keeps on decreasing.
AT points A, C, D If speed increases.
TL = Te Te > TL
Ta = Te − TL = 0 Ta = TE − TL > 0
It due to some disturbance speed Rotor accelerates, and rotor speed keeps
decreases on increasing.
Te > TL So, point is unstable
⇒ Ta = Te − TL > 0

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 GATE QUESTION BANK Electrical Machines

Special Machines

EE-2007
1. A three-phase, three-stack, variable
reluctance step motor has 20 poles on
each rotor and stator stack , The step
angle of this step motor is
(A) 3o (C) 9o
o
(B) 6 (D) 18o

EE-2008
2. In a stepper motor, the detent torque
means
(A) minimum of the static torque with
the phase winding excited.
(B) maximum of the static torque with
the phase winding excited.
(C) minimum of the static torque with
the phase winding unexcited.
(D) maximum of the static torque with
the phase winding unexcited

Answer Keys & Explanations

1. [Ans. B]
360
Step angle = = 6°
3 × 20

2. [Ans. D]
Detent Torque (or) Restraining Torque is
the maximum Load Torque that can be
kept on motor shaft in an unexcited
motor without causing continuous
rotation.

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