Scribd
Upload
4 views

Lecture 4

The document outlines the process of problem solving and decision making, detailing the phases involved: input, processing, and review. It emphasizes the importance of defining the problem, collecting information, developing and weighing alternatives, selecting the best solution, executing it, and following up on its effectiveness. Additionally, it distinguishes between traditional, vital, and emergency problems, and discusses the perspectives of problem solving.

Uploaded by

supercellplayer221
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Lecture 4

The document outlines the process of problem solving and decision making, detailing the phases involved: input, processing, and review. It emphasizes the importance of defining the problem, collecting information, developing and weighing alternatives, selecting the best solution, executing it, and following up on its effectiveness. Additionally, it distinguishes between traditional, vital, and emergency problems, and discusses the perspectives of problem solving.

Uploaded by

supercellplayer221
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

PROBLEM SOLVING&

DECISION MAKING
SKILLS

BY DR
Lecture: 4
Instructor at the Egyptian Academy of
Engineering and Technology
- A review of the above
The scope of Problem-solving

Problem solving development


skills.

what is The Problem.


Characteristics of Problems

Concept of problem solving

Definitions of problem solving

Concept of Decision making


Definitions of Decision making
Problem-Solving vs. Decision-Making

Most models of problem solving and


decision making include at least
three phases:
Problem solving is usually looked at
from two perspectives.
4
Problem-Solving vs. Decision-Making
Most models of problem solving and decision
making include at least three phases:
*An Input phase in which a problem is perceived and an
attempt is made to understand the situation or problem;

*A Processing phase in which alternatives are generated


and evaluated and a solution is selected;
*A Review phase in which the solution is evaluated and
modifications are
made, if necessary

5
Problem solving perspectives
Problem solving is usually looked at from
two perspectives.
*The first perspective is that there is only one
solution to the problem that is at hand.
Mathematical problems are a classic example of
such problems.
*The second perspective is problems that have
solutions that constantly change. These are
usually socio-emotional problems. For example,
your favorite color is a problem since it changes
almost every day and it might sometimes depend
6
on your mood
Problem solving process steps
Define the problem
 Collecting information
 Develop alternatives
 Weigh alternatives
 Select the best alternative
 Executing the solution
 follow up the solution execution 7
Define the problem

8
Problem solving process steps
Define the problem:
There is no better starting
point than determining
what you need to fix. This
means taking the time to
review the situation
comprehensively 9
Types of problem:

*Traditional problems
*vital problems
*Emergency problems

10
Collecting information

11
Problem solving process steps
Collecting information
In this step, we collect information
that we expect will help us to
identify the problem so that we can
develop appropriate alternatives to
solve the problem

12
This information includes
the following:

Personal information.

Objective information.

13
Develop alternatives

14
Problem solving process steps
Develop alternatives
Many problems and
challenges differ in
opinions about them, and
therefore there are several
solutions or alternatives , 15
some have positive results
, others have negative
results , but we might
observe them since the
alternatives are available

16
Weigh alternatives

17
Problem solving process steps
Weigh alternatives
Based on identifying the problem
and collecting information about it,
the various alternatives are
restricted by opening the way for all
ideas and solutions without
examination or depth of thinking
And try to be innovative 18
Select the best
alternative

19
Problem solving process steps
 Select the best alternative
This step is one of the general model for
taking the decisions that represents the
creativity essence in solving the problems
that based basically on the individual or
the group capacity in raising more than one
alternative to solve the problem and has
many labels including raising the solutions
or generating the ideas .
20
Executing the solution

21
Problem solving process steps
 Executing the solution
This step involves applying what was
chosen to solve the problem. The
process of executing any alternative is
not an easy one and the task of
executing the problem is assigned to the
individual or the persons who have the
sufficient skills to execute this solution
22
follow up the solution
execution

23
Problem solving process steps
 follow up the solution execution:
When executing a solution to any
problem, it is necessary to monitor and
follow up the implementation of this
solution to determine the extent of its
effectiveness in treating the problem.
This means that we reach to the final
step of solving the problem and tat our
decision is largely right. 24
DR

Instructor at the Egyptian Academy of Engineering and


Technology 25

You might also like