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Practice Sheet 3

The document outlines various fluid mechanics problems related to velocity fields, flow through nozzles, acceleration calculations, and stream functions. It includes tasks such as determining flow characteristics, computing accelerations, and analyzing incompressible flows. Additionally, it addresses the power delivered by a pump and the use of a venturimeter for flow measurement.

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64 views2 pages

Practice Sheet 3

The document outlines various fluid mechanics problems related to velocity fields, flow through nozzles, acceleration calculations, and stream functions. It includes tasks such as determining flow characteristics, computing accelerations, and analyzing incompressible flows. Additionally, it addresses the power delivered by a pump and the use of a venturimeter for flow measurement.

Uploaded by

akshathj005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 2010 Foundation of Fluid Mechanics – Theory and Practice: Practice Sheet 3

1. An idealized velocity field is given by the formula V = 4txi – 2t2yj + 4xzk. Is this flow field
steady or unsteady? Is it two- or three-dimensional? At the point (x, y, z) = (-1, 1, 0), compute (a)
the acceleration vector and (b) any unit vector normal to the acceleration.

2. Flow through the converging nozzle in Figure below can be approximated by the 1D velocity
distribution u= Vo(1-x/L), v=w=0. (a) Find a general expression for the fluid acceleration in the
nozzle. (b) For the specific case Vo = 3 m/s and L = 15 cm, compute the acceleration, at the entrance
and at the exit.

3. A 2D velocity field is given by V = (x2 – y2 +x)i – (2xy +y)j in arbitrary units. At (x, y) = (1, 2),
compute (a) the acceleration ax and ay (b) the velocity component in the direction θ = 40o, (c) the
direction of maximum velocity, and (d) the direction of maximum acceleration.

4. Consider a sphere of radius R immersed in a uniform stream Uo as shown in figure below. The
fluid velocity along streamline AB is given by V = ui = Uo(1 + R3/x3)i. Find (a) the position of
maximum fluid acceleration along AB and (b) the time required for a fluid particle to travel from A
to B.

5. A 2D incompressible flow is given by the velocity field V = 3yi + 2xj, in arbitrary units. Does this
flow satisfy continuity? If so, find the stream function ψ(x, y) and plot a few streamlines, with
arrows.

6. Consider the following 2D incompressible flow, which entirely satisfies continuity: u = Uo =


constant, v = Vo = constant. Find the stream function ψ(r, θ) of this flow using polar coordinates.

7. Investigate the stream function ψ = K(x2 – y2), K = constant. Plot the streamlines in the full xy
plane, find any stagnation points, and interpret what the flow could represent.

8. A 2D incompressible flow field is defined by the velocity components u = 2V(x/L – y/L) v = -


2Vy/L where V and L are constants. If they exist, find the stream function and velocity potential.
9. Check whether the following functions can represent the velocity potential of an irrotational
flow: (a) φ = x + y (b) φ = x2 – y2 (c) φ = ln(x + y) (d) φ = sin x + cos y (e) φ = (r + 1/r)cos θ.

10. Consider the 2D incompressible velocity potential φ = xy + x2 – y2. (a) Is it admissible, and, if
yes, what does this mean? (b) If it exists, find the stream function ψ(x, y) of this flow. (c) Find the
equation of the streamline that passes through (x, y) = (2, 1).

11. A 2D incompressible flow is defined by u = -Ky/(x2 + y2),v = Kx/(x2 + y2) where K = constant. Is
this flow irrotational? If so, find its velocity potential, sketch a few potential lines, and interpret the
flow pattern.

12. The pump below draws 220 m3/h of water from the reservoir and discharges through a nozzle
into the atmosphere. If the total friction head loss is 5 m, estimate the power delivered to water by
the pump.

13. Determine the height h of the water column for which the free water jet just crosses the thin
wall.

14. The venturimeter shown in figure is used to measure the flow rate in laboratory. Show, with
suitable assumptions, that the discharge Q is,

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