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1.0 Torque Converters

A torque converter is a sealed, doughnut-shaped unit located between the engine and transmission that multiplies torque, cushions engine firing pulses, and drives the transmission oil pump. It consists of three main components: the impeller, stator, and turbine, which facilitate fluid flow and torque multiplication. The operation involves rotary and vortex oil flow, with a lock-up piston clutch controlled by hydraulic valves to enhance efficiency.

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41 views16 pages

1.0 Torque Converters

A torque converter is a sealed, doughnut-shaped unit located between the engine and transmission that multiplies torque, cushions engine firing pulses, and drives the transmission oil pump. It consists of three main components: the impeller, stator, and turbine, which facilitate fluid flow and torque multiplication. The operation involves rotary and vortex oil flow, with a lock-up piston clutch controlled by hydraulic valves to enhance efficiency.

Uploaded by

narayan.sabarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TORQUE

CONVERTERS
Provide a neutral “gear”.

Drive the transmission oil pump.


PURPOSE OF
Multiplies torque up to 2 ½ times on
A TORQUE acceleration.
CONVERTER Cushions engine firing pulses and shock loads.

Acts as a flywheel.
TORQUE
CONVERTER
• NEARLY ALL TORQUE CONVERTERS,
OR T/CS, ARE ONE-PIECE, WELDED
UNITS THAT CAN ONLY BE REPAIRED
BY SPECIALTY SHOPS.
• THEY ARE LOCATED BETWEEN THE
ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION AND
ARE SEALED, DOUGHNUT-SHAPED
UNITS THAT ARE ALWAYS FILLED
WITH AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
FLUID.
• ALL OF THE VITAL PARTS OF A
TORQUE CONVERTER ARE HOUSED
WITHIN ITS SHELL.
Impellor (pump
assembly)
MAIN
COMPONENTS Turbine
OF A TORQUE
CONVERTER
Stator (reactor)
TORQUE CONVERTER
Impeller part of
Lock-up piston
drive shell

Stator

Ealberton photo
Turbine, splined to
input/turbine shaft
• A STANDARD TORQUE CONVERTER CONSISTS OF
THREE ELEMENTS: THE PUMP ASSEMBLY, OFTEN
CALLED AN IMPELLER, THE STATOR ASSEMBLY, AND
THE TURBINE
• THE FLOW OF FLUID IN THE CONVERTER IS SHOWN IN
THE IMPELLER AT REST (A).
• AS THE IMPELLER ROTATES, CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
THROWS THE OIL OUTWARD AND UPWARD DUE TO
THE CURVED SHAPE OF THE IMPELLER HOUSING (B).
• TO HARNESS SOME OF THIS ENERGY, THE TURBINE
ASSEMBLY IS MOUNTED ON TOP OF THE IMPELLER (C).
• NOW THE OIL THROWN OUTWARD AND UPWARD
FROM THE IMPELLER STRIKES THE CURVED VANES OF
THE TURBINE, CAUSING THE TURBINE TO ROTATE.
TORQUE
CONVERTER
OPERATION
PART OF DRIVE SHELL
Two types of oil flow take place inside the
torque converter: rotary and vortex flow.

Rotary oil flow is the oil flow around the


circumference of the torque converter
caused by the rotation of the torque
converter on its axis.
Vortex oil flow is the oil flow occurring from
the impeller to the turbine and back to the
impeller, at a 90° angle from engine
rotation.
TORQUE
CONVERTER
OPERATION
The stator mounts through its splined
centre hub to a mating stator
support hub.
The stator turns clockwise when the
impeller and turbine reach the
coupling stage.
During vortex flow the stator
redirects the oil leaving the turbine
back to the impeller, which helps the
impeller rotate more efficiently.
• THE OIL FLOW PATTERN AS THE
SPEED OF THE TURBINE
APPROACHES THE SPEED OF THE
IMPELLER IS SHOWN HERE.
• THIS IS KNOWN AS THE COUPLING
POINT.
• THE TURBINE AND THE IMPELLER ARE
RUNNING AT ALMOST THE SAME
SPEED. THEY CANNOT RUN AT
EXACTLY THE SAME SPEED DUE TO
SLIPPAGE BETWEEN THEM.
Insert Figure 42-11, 3Ce

THE ROLLER CLUTCH IS DESIGNED WITH A MOVABLE INNER RACE,


ROLLERS, ACCORDION (APPLY) SPRINGS, AND OUTER RACE.
AROUND THE INSIDE DIAMETER OF THE OUTER RACE ARE SEVERAL
CAM-SHAPED POCKETS. THE ROLLERS AND ACCORDION SPRINGS
ARE LOCATED IN THESE POCKETS.
THE LOCK-UP PISTON CLUTCH HAS A
PISTON-TYPE CLUTCH LOCATED
BETWEEN THE FRONT OF THE TURBINE
AND THE INTERIOR FRONT FACE OF THE
SHELL.
ITS MAIN COMPONENTS ARE A PISTON
PLATE AND DAMPER ASSEMBLY AND A
CLUTCH FRICTION PLATE.
THE DAMPER ASSEMBLY IS MADE OF
SEVERAL COIL SPRINGS AND IS
DESIGNED TO TRANSMIT DRIVING
TORQUE AND ABSORB SHOCK.
THE TORQUE
CONVERTER
HOUSING FRICTION
SURFACE AND THE
LOCK-UP CLUTCH
FRICTION PLATE IS
SHOWN.
THE CLUTCH IS
CONTROLLED BY
HYDRAULIC VALVES,
WHICH ARE
CONTROLLED BY THE
PCM.
THE PCM MONITORS
OPERATING
CONDITIONS AND
CONTROLS LOCK-UP
ACCORDING TO THOSE
CONDITIONS.
• HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WAT
VIDEOS CH?V=Z5G2ZQ_3XTC
• HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WAT
CH?V=BRCDVCJ_JPS&T=27S
• HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WAT
CH?V=TKDX0GC-_TC&T=23S

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