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Design Lecture 3 Powerscrew

The document provides an overview of power screws, detailing their definition, applications, and major design considerations. It covers various thread profiles, calculations for stress analysis, and factors affecting performance, such as torque and efficiency. Additionally, it discusses the importance of factors like slenderness ratio and buckling in the design of power screws.

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Sreerag S B
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104 views30 pages

Design Lecture 3 Powerscrew

The document provides an overview of power screws, detailing their definition, applications, and major design considerations. It covers various thread profiles, calculations for stress analysis, and factors affecting performance, such as torque and efficiency. Additionally, it discusses the importance of factors like slenderness ratio and buckling in the design of power screws.

Uploaded by

Sreerag S B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Preliminary Design and Stress

Analysis for a Power Screw


Today’s content

• What is a power screw?


• Where are power screws used?
• What are the major design considerations?
• How are these considerations calculated?
Recap(1)

Pugh’s Total Design


Learning objectives
• To understand what is a power screw is and
where it can be used.
• To understand what are the dominant design
considerations.
• To understand the calculations required to
analyse and design a power screw.
What is a power screw?
A power screw is a device used in machinery
to change angular motion into linear motion,
and, usually, to transmit power.

Familiar applications include the lead screws


of lathes, and the screws for vices and jacks.
Further applications
Thread Standards and Definitions
• Pitch – distance between
adjacent threads. Reciprocal of
threads per inch
• Major diameter – largest
diameter of thread
• Minor diameter – smallest
diameter of thread
• Pitch diameter – theoretical
diameter between major and
minor diameters, where tooth
and gap are same width
Profile(1): Square Thread

Square is a square flat top thread.


These are capable of transferring large loads.
They are relatively difficult to manufacture and are expensive.
Profile(2): Buttress Thread

The Buttress thread is a combination of both square and acme thread.


Sometimes this is used for power screws but they can transmit power only in one direction.
Typical applications include screw vices etc.
Profile(3): Acme Thread

• This is the most common form of thread used in power screws. This is a trapezoidal thread type
that has sloped sides. This thread is commonly used when a rapid movement is required. They
are cheap and easy to manufacture.

• The disadvantages of this thread include its low efficiency and difficulty in predicting service life
(ISO) Metric Trapezoidal screw thread standards-
Diameter and Pitch specifications
What calculations?
Normal stress

Compressive stress

σ = F /A,

where A = πdr2/4.

x
y
Factor of safety
The factor of safety is expressed as:

y
FoS 

(Covered in detail within the risk and reliability lecture)


Buckling of a column

OR Not…
Slenderness ratio
Slenderness ratio: λ = L/k
(L = length of power screw)

Where k = √ I/A

If the slenderness ratio <40 then the screw can be treated as a


short column. Therefore no buckling will happen!
Buckling of a column
Euler column formula

where

Fc = allowable load (N)


C = factor accounting for the end conditions
E = modulus of elastisity ( Pa (N/m2))
L = length of column (m)
I = Moment of inertia

r 4
I
4
Buckling of a column
Only relevant to slender columns

J. B. Johnson formula

Where:

k2 =I /A, where k is the radius of gyration


A is the area
Sy= yield stress
Coefficients of Friction f (µ) for Threaded
Pairs
Power screw- Torque Equations: Raising the load

Lead
angle

TR is the torque required to


overcome thread friction and to
raise the load
Where: l is the number of starts
Power screw- Torque Equations: Lowering the load

TL is the torque required to overcome the


friction in lowering the load
Power screw- Self locking

(T0 is the ideal Torque)


Power screw efficiencies
Thrust Bearings Frictions
When the screw is loaded axially, a
thrust or collar bearing must be
employed between the rotating and
stationary members in order to carry
the axial component.

The load is assumed to be


concentrated at the mean collar
diameter dc . If fc is the coefficient of
collar friction, the torque required is

+ If instead of collar you will be using


thrust bearings, ignore TC
Power screw- Acme/ISO threads

In the case of Acme/ISO threads, the


normal thread load is inclined to the
axis because of the thread angle 2α
and the lead angle λ
Shearing Stresses due to the torque

T

J
1 4
J  r
2
Polar moment of inertia
Bending Stresses on the threads

Experiments show that the:


• first engaged thread carries 0.38 of
the load,
• the second 0.25,
• the third 0.18, and,
• the seventh is free of load.

We substitute 0.38F for F and setting nt


to 1 will give the largest level of
stresses in the thread-nut combination

nt = number of engaged threads


Shearing Stresses on the threads

Remember: Substitute 0.38F for


F and setting nt to 1 will give the
largest level of stresses in the
thread-nut combination
Shape and maximum stress
References

- Budynas.R , Nisbett.K. (2008) . Shigley's Mechanical


Engineering Design . 8th edition. McGraw-Hill.

- Rothbart H. A. (1985), Mechanical Design and


Systems Handbook , 2nd edition, McGraw- Hill.

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