Irregular verbs beseech – beseeched/*besought – beseeched/*besought

*clepe – cleped/clepen/*clept – cleped/*clept/*clepen/*yclept bet – bet/betted – bet/betted

*forlese – forlore – forlorn underbet – underbet/underbetted – underbet/underbetted
*grave – grove/graved – graven/graved beware – (no other forms)
*queath/*quethe – queathed/quethed/quoth/quod – bid [in auctions etc.] – bid – bid
queathed/quethed/quoth/quethen outbid – outbid – outbid
bequeath – bequeathed/bequethed/bequoth/bequod – overbid – overbid – overbid
bequeathed/bequethed/bequoth/bequethen rebid – rebid – rebid
*reave – reaved/reft – reaved/reft underbid – underbid – underbid
bereave – bereaved/bereft – bereaved/bereft bid [meaning to request or say] – bid/*bade – bid/*bidden
*shrive – shrived/*shrove – shrived/*shriven bide – bided/bode – bided/bidden
*swelt – swelted/*swolt – swelted/*swolten abide – abided/*abode – abided/*abidden
*swink – swank/swonk/*swinkt/swinked – bind – bound – bound
swunk/swunken/swonken/*swinkt/swinked unbind – unbound – unbound
*tee – teed/tow – teed/town underbind – underbound – underbound
betee – beteed/betow – beteed/betown bite – bit – bitten
fortee – forteed/fortow – forteed/fortown frostbite – frostbit – frostbitten
*worth – worth/worthed – worth/worthed/worthen bleed – bled – bled
be (am, is, are) – was, were – been bless – blessed/*blest – blessed/*blest
bear – bore/*bare – borne/born blow – blew – blown
forbear – forbore/*forbare – forborne/forborn overblow – overblew – overblown
*misbear – *misbore/*misbare – *misborne/misborn break – broke – broken
overbear – overbore/*overbare – overborne/overborn outbreak – outbroke – outbroken
underbear – underbore/*underbare – rebreak – rebroke – rebroken
underborne/underborn breed – bred – bred
beat – beat – beaten/beat inbreed – inbred – inbred
browbeat – browbeat – browbeaten/browbeat interbreed – interbred – interbred
overbeat – overbeat – overbeaten/overbeat overbreed – overbred – overbred
become – became – become bring – brought – brought
misbecome – misbecame – misbecome build – built – built
beget – begot/*begat – begotten/begot overbuild – overbuilt – overbuilt
misbeget – misbegot/*misbegat – misbegotten/misbegot rebuild – rebuilt – rebuilt
begin – began – begun underbuild – underbuilt – underbuilt
bend – bent/*bended – bent/*bended burn – burned/burnt – burned/burnt
overbend – overbent/*overbended – overbent/*overbended sunburn – sunburned/sunburnt – sunburned/sunburnt
burst – burst/*brast – burst/*bursten
unbend – unbent/*unbended – unbent/*unbended bust – busted/bust – busted/bust
buy – bought – bought/*boughten creep – crept/creeped/*crope – crept/creeped/*cropen
*abuy – *abought – *abought crow – crowed/crew – crowed/*crown
overbuy – overbought – overbought cut – cut – cut
underbuy – underbought – underbought clearcut – clearcut – clearcut
can [auxiliary verb] – could – (none) crosscut – crosscut – crosscut
cast – cast – cast *forcut – *forcut – *forcut
broadcast – broadcast – broadcast intercut – intercut – intercut
downcast – downcast – downcast recut – recut – recut
forecast – forecast – forecast undercut – undercut – undercut
miscast – miscast – miscast dare (dares/dare) – dared/*durst – dared
overcast – overcast – overcast deal – dealt – dealt
podcast – podcast – podcast misdeal – misdealt – misdealt
precast – precast – precast redeal – redealt – redealt
recast – recast – recast dig – dug/*digged – dug/*digged
simulcast – simulcast – simulcast underdig – underdug – underdug
telecast – telecast – telecast dive – dived/dove – dived/dove
typecast – typecast – typecast
do (does /dʌz/) – did – done
undercast – undercast – undercast
*fordo – *fordid – *fordone
upcast – upcast – upcast
misdo – misdid – misdone
webcast – webcast – webcast
outdo – outdid – outdone
catch – caught – caught overdo – overdid – overdone
chide – chided/chid/*chode – chided/chid/chidden redo redid – redone
choose – chose – chosen undo – undid – undone
mischoose – mischose – mischosen underdo – underdid – underdone
clad – clad – clad drag – dragged/*drug – dragged/*drug
clap – clapped/*clapt – clapped/*clapt draw – drew – drawn
cleave [meaning to split] – cleft/clove/cleaved/*clave – outdraw – outdrew – outdrawn
cleft/cloven/cleaved overdraw – overdrew – overdrawn
cling – clung – clung redraw – redrew – redrawn
clothe – clad/clothed – clad/clothed underdraw – underdrew – underdrawn
overclothe – overclad/overclothed – overclad/overclothed withdraw – withdrew – withdrawn
unclothe – unclad/unclothed – unclad/unclothed dream – dreamed/dreamt/*drempt – dreamed/dreamt/*drempt
underclothe – underclad/underclothed – dress – dressed/*drest – dressed/*drest
underclad/underclothed drink – drank/*drunk/*drinked – drunk/*drank/*drinked/*drunken
come – came – come/comen outdrink – outdrank/*outdrunk/*outdrinked –
overcome – overcame – overcome/overcomen outdrunk/*outdrank/*outdrinked/*outdrunken
see also under become overdrink – overdrank/*overdrunk/*overdrinked –
cost [intransitive sense] – cost/costed – cost/costed overdrunk/*overdrank/*overdrinked/*overdrunken
drive – drove/*drave – driven quick-freeze – quick-froze – quick-frozen
overdrive – overdrove/*overdrave – overdriven refreeze – refroze – refrozen
test-drive – test-drove/*test-drave – test-driven unfreeze – unfroze – unfrozen
dwell – dwelt/dwelled – dwelt/dwelled get – got/*gat – got/gotten
eat – ate/*et – eaten *beget – begot/*begat – begot/begotten
overeat – overate/*overet – overeaten forget – forgot/*forgat – forgot/forgotten
undereat – underate/*underet – undereaten *misget – misgot/*misgat – misgot/misgotten
fall – fell/*felled – fallen/*felled *overget – overgot/*overgat – overgot/overgotten
befall – befell/*befelled – befallen/*befelled *underget – undergot/*undergat – undergot/undergotten
*misbefall – misbefell/*misbefelled – gild – gilded/gilt – gilded/gilt
misbefallen/*misbefelled gird – girded/*girt – girded/*girt
*misfall – misfell/*misfelled – misfallen/*misfelled undergird – undergirded/*undergirt –
feed – fed – fed undergirded/*undergirt
breastfeed – breastfed – breastfed give – gave – given
force-feed – force-fed – force-fed forgive – forgave – forgiven
hand-feed – hand-fed – hand-fed misgive – misgave – misgiven
misfeed – misfed – misfed overgive – overgave – overgiven
overfeed – overfed – overfed go – went – gone
self-feed – self-fed – self-fed *bego – bewent – begone
spoonfeed – spoonfed – spoonfed forego – forewent – foregone
underfeed – underfed – underfed forgo – forwent – forgone
feel – felt – felt *overgo – overwent – overgone
fight – fought – fought/*foughten undergo – underwent – undergone
find – found/*fand – found/*founden *withgo – withwent – withgone
refind – refound/*refand – refound/*refounden grind – ground/grinded – ground/grinded/*grounden
fit – fitted/fit – fitted/fit grow – grew/*growed – grown/*growed
misfit – misfitted/misfit – misfitted/misfit outgrow – outgrew/*outgrowed – outgrown/*outgrowed
flee – fled – fled overgrow – overgrew/*overgrowed –
fling – flung – flung overgrown/*overgrowed
regrow – regrew/*regrowed – regrown/*regrowed
fly – flew – flown
undergrow – undergrew/*undergrowed –
outfly – outflew – outflown
undergrown/*undergrowed
overfly – overflew – overflown
upgrow – upgrew/*upgrowed – upgrown/*upgrowed
test-fly – test-flew – test-flown
hang – hung/hanged – hung/hanged
forbid – forbid/forbade/forbad – forbidden
overhang – overhung/overhanged – overhung/overhanged
forget – forgot/*forgat – forgotten/*forgot
underhang – underhung/underhanged –
forsake – forsook – forsaken underhung/underhanged
freeze – froze – frozen uphang – uphung/uphanged – uphung/uphanged
have (has) – had – had overlade – overladed – overladen/overladed
hear – heard – heard laugh – laughed/*laught/*laugh'd/*low –
mishear – misheard – misheard laughed/*laught/*laugh'd/*laughen
overhear – overheard – overheard lay – laid/*layed – laid/*layed
unhear – unheard – unheard belay – belaid/*belayed – belaid/*belayed
heave – heaved/*hove – heaved/*hove/*hoven *forelay – forelaid/*forelayed – forelaid/*forelayed
upheave – upheaved/*uphove – *forlay – forlaid/*forlayed – forlaid/*forlayed
upheaved/*uphove/*uphoven inlay – inlaid/*inlayed – inlaid/*inlayed
help – helped/*holp – helped/*holpen interlay – interlaid/*interlayed – interlaid/*interlayed
hew – hewed/*hew – hewed/hewn mislay – mislaid/*mislayed – mislaid/*mislayed
*underhew – underhewed/*underhew – onlay – onlaid/*onlayed – onlaid/*onlayed
underhewed/underhewn outlay – outlaid/*outlayed – outlaid/*outlayed
hide – hid – hidden/*hid overlay – overlaid/*overlayed – overlaid/*overlayed
re-lay – re-laid/*re-layed – re-laid/*re-layed
hit – hit – hit
underlay – underlaid/*underlayed – underlaid/*underlayed
mishit – mishit – mishit
unlay – unlaid/*unlayed – unlaid/*unlayed
overhit – overhit – overhit
*uplay – uplaid/*uplayed – uplaid/*uplayed
underhit – underhit – underhit
waylay – waylaid/*waylayed – waylaid/*waylayed
hoist – hoisted/hoist – hoisted/hoist
lead – led – led
hold – held – held/*holden
*belead – beled – beled
behold – beheld – beheld/*beholden
*forthlead – forthled – forthled
inhold – inheld – inheld/*inholden
inlead – inled – inled
mishold – misheld – misheld/*misholden
mislead – misled – misled
uphold – upheld – upheld/*upholden
offlead – offled – offled
withhold – withheld – withheld/*withholden
onlead – onled – onled
hurt – hurt – hurt outlead – outled – outled
keep – kept – kept overlead – overled – overled
miskeep – miskept – miskept underlead – underled – underled
underkeep – underkept – underkept *uplead – upled – upled
ken – kenned/kent – kenned/kent lean – leaned/leant – leaned/leant
misken – miskenned/miskent – miskenned/miskent leap – leaped/leapt/*lept/*lope – leaped/leapt/*lopen
kneel – knelt/kneeled – knelt/kneeled beleap – beleaped/beleapt/*belept/*belope –
knit – knit/knitted – knit/knitted beleaped/beleapt/*belopen
know – knew – known/*knowen forthleap – forthleaped/forthleapt/*forthlept/*forthlope –
*acknow – acknew – acknown/*acknowen forthleaped/forthleapt/*forthlopen
foreknow – foreknew – foreknown/*foreknowen outleap – outleaped/outleapt/*outlept/*outlope –
misknow – misknew – misknown/*misknowen outleaped/outleapt/*outlopen
lade – laded – laden/laded overleap – overleaped/overleapt/*overlept/*overlope –
 overleaped/overleapt/*overlopen mow – mowed – mowed/mown
learn – learned/learnt – learned/learnt must – (no other forms)
mislearn – mislearned/mislearnt – mislearned/mislearnt need (needs/need) – needed – needed
overlearn – overlearned/overlearnt – ought – (no other forms)
overlearned/overlearnt pay – paid/*payed – paid/*payed
relearn – relearned/relearnt – relearned/relearnt overpay – overpaid/*overpayed – overpaid/*overpayed
unlearn – unlearned/unlearnt – unlearned/unlearnt prepay – prepaid/*prepayed – prepaid/*prepayed
leave – left – left/*laft repay – repaid/*repayed – repaid/*repayed
beleave – beleft – beleft/*belaft underpay – underpaid/*underpayed –
*forleave – forleft – forleft/*forlaft underpaid/*underpayed
overleave – overleft – overleft/*overlaft pen – penned/pent – penned/pent
lend – lent – lent plead – pled/pleaded – pled/pleaded
*forlend – forlent – forlent prove – proved – proved/proven
let – let/*leet – let/*letten reprove – reproved – reproved/reproven
*forlet – forlet/*forleet – forlet/*forletten put – put – put/*putten
sublet – sublet/*subleet – sublet/*subletten input – input – input/*inputten
*underlet – underlet/*underleet – underlet/*underletten output – output – output/*outputten
lie – lay – lain *underput – *underput – *underput/*underputten
*forelie – forelay – forelain quit – quit/quitted – quit/quitted
*forlie – forlay – forlain
reach – reached/*raught/*rought/*retcht –
overlie – overlay – overlain
reached/*raught/*rought/*retcht
underlie – underlay – underlain
read /riːd/ – read /rɛd/ – read /rɛd/ / *readen
light – lit/lighted – lit/lighted
*foreread – foreread – foreread/*forereaden
alight – alit/alighted – alit/alighted
lipread – lipread – lipread/*lipreaden
backlight – backlit/backlighted – backlit/backlighted
misread – misread – misread/*misreaden
green-light – green-lit/green-lighted – green-lit/green-
proofread – proofread – proofread/*proofreaden
lighted
reread – reread – reread/*rereaden
relight – relit/relighted – relit/relighted
sight-read – sight-read – sight-read/*sight-readen
lose – lost – lost
rend – rent – rent
make – made – made
rid – rid/ridded – rid/ridden/ridded
remake – remade – remade
unmake – unmade – unmade ride – rode/*rid – ridden/*rid
outride – outrode/*outrid – outridden/*outrid
may – might – (none)
override – overrode/*overrid – overridden/*overrid
mean – meant – meant
ring – rang/*rung – rung
meet – met – met
rise – rose – risen
melt – melted/*molt – melted/molten arise – arose – arisen
mix – mixed/*mixt – mixed/*mixt uprise – uprose – uprisen
rive – rived/rove – rived/riven misset – misset – misset/*missetten
run – ran – run offset – offset – offset/*offsetten
*forerun – foreran – forerun overset – overset – overset/*oversetten
outrun – outran – outrun preset – preset – preset/*presetten
overrun – overran – overrun reset – reset – reset/*resetten
rerun – reran – rerun upset – upset – upset/*upsetten
underrun – underran – underrun *withset – withset – withset/*withsetten
saw – sawed – sawed/sawn sew – sewed – sewn/sewed/*sewen
say (says /sɛz/) – said – said handsew – handsewed – handsewn/handsewed/*handsewen
*forsay – forsaid – forsaid oversew – oversewed – oversewn/oversewed/*oversewen
*gainsay – gainsaid – gainsaid shake – shook – shaken
missay – missaid – missaid overshake – overshook – overshaken
*naysay – naysaid – naysaid shall – should – (none)
soothsay – soothsaid – soothsaid shape – shaped/*shope – shaped/*shapen
*withsay – withsaid – withsaid *forshape – forshaped/*forshope – forshaped/*forshapen
see – saw – seen misshape – misshaped/*misshope – misshaped/*misshapen
*besee – besaw – beseen shave – shaved/*shove – shaved/shaven
foresee – foresaw – foreseen shear – sheared/shore – shorn/sheared
missee – missaw – misseen shed – shed – shed
oversee – oversaw – overseen shine – shone/shined – shone/shined
sightsee – sightsaw – sightseen *beshine – beshone/beshined – beshone/beshined
undersee – undersaw – underseen outshine – beshone/beshined – beshone/beshined
seek – sought – sought overshine – beshone/beshined – beshone/beshined
beseek – besought – besought shit – shit/shitted/shat – shit/shitted/shat/*shitten
seethe – seethed/*sod – seethed/*sodden shite – shited/shit – shited/shit
sell – sold – sold shoe – shod/shoed – shodden/shod/shoed
outsell – outsold – outsold reshoe – reshod/reshoed – reshodden/reshod/reshoed
oversell – oversold – oversold shoot – shot – shot/*shotten
resell – resold – resold misshoot – misshot – misshot/*misshotten
undersell – undersold – undersold overshoot – overshot – overshot/*overshotten
upsell – upsold – upsold reshoot – reshot – reshot/*reshotten
send – sent – sent undershoot – undershot – undershot/*undershotten
missend – missent – missent show – showed/*shew – shown/showed/*shewed
resend – resent – resent foreshow – foreshowed/*foreshew –
set – set – set/*setten foreshown/foreshowed/*foreshewed
beset – beset – beset/*besetten reshow – reshowed/*reshew –
handset – handset – handset/*handsetten reshown/reshowed/*reshewed
inset – inset – inset/*insetten shrink – shrank/shrunk – shrunk/shrunken
 overshrink – overshrank/overshrunk – spend – spent – spent
overshrunk/overshrunken *forspend – *forspent – *forspent
shut – shut – shut misspend – misspent – misspent
reshut – reshut – reshut outspend – outspent – outspent
sing – sang – sung/*sungen overspend – overspent – overspent
resing – resang – resung/*resungen spill – spilled/spilt – spilled/spilt
sink – sank/sunk – sunk/sunken overspill – overspilled/overspilt – overspilled/overspilt
sit – sat/*sate – sat/*sitten spin – spun/*span – spun
babysit – babysat/*babysate – babysat/*babysitten outspin – outspun/*outspan – outspun
housesit – housesat/*housesate – housesat/*housesitten spit – spat/spit – spat/spit
resit – resat/*resate – resat/*resitten split – split – split
*withsit – withsat/*withsate – withsat/*withsitten spoil – spoiled/spoilt – spoiled/spoilt
slay – slew/slayed – slain/slayed spread – spread/*spreaded – spread/*spreaded
sleep – slept – slept *bespread – bespread/*bespreaded –
oversleep – overslept – overslept bespread/*bespreaded
undersleep – underslept – underslept spring – sprang/sprung – sprung/*sprang
slide – slid – slid/slidden handspring – handsprang/handsprung –
backslide – backslid – backslid/backslidden handsprung/*handsprang
overslide – overslid – overslid/overslidden stand – stood – stood/*standen
sling – slung/*slang – slung forstand – forstood – forstood/*forstanden
slink – slunk/slinked/slank – slunk/slinked/slank misunderstand – misunderstood –
slip – slipped/*slipt – slipped/*slipt misunderstood/*misunderstanden
*overslip – *overslipped/*overslipt – overstand – overstood – overstood/*overstanden
*overslipped/*overslipt understand – understood – understood/*understanden
slit – slit – slit/slitten upstand – upstood – upstood/*upstanden
withstand – withstood – withstood/*withstanden
smell – smelled/smelt – smelled/smelt
starve – starved/*starf/*storve – starved/*storven
smite – smote/*smit – smitten/smitted
stave – stove/staved – stove/staved/*stoven
sneak – sneaked/snuck – sneaked/snuck/*snucked
stay – stayed/*staid – stayed/*staid
sow – sowed/*sew – sown/sowed
steal – stole – stolen
speak – spoke/*spake – spoken/*spoke
bespeak – bespoke/*bespake – bespoken/*bespoke stick – stuck/*sticked – stuck/*sticked
*forespeak – forespoke/*forespake – forespoken/*forespoke sting – stung/*stang – stung
*forspeak – forspoke/*forspake – forspoken/*forspoke stink – stank/stunk – stunk
misspeak – misspoke/*misspake – misspoken/*misspoke stretch – stretched/*straught/*straight –
speed – sped/speeded – sped/speeded stretched/*straught/*straight
spell – spelled/spelt – spelled/spelt strew – strewed – strewn/strewed
misspell – misspelled/misspelt – misspelled/misspelt bestrew – bestrewed – bestrewn/bestrewed
 overstrew – overstrewed – overstrewn/overstrewed partake – partook/*partaked – partaken
stride – strode/*strided – stridden/*strode/*strid/*stridded retake – retook/*retaked – retaken
bestride – bestrode/*bestrided – undertake – undertook/*undertaked – undertaken
bestridden/*bestrode/*bestrid/*bestridded *uptake – uptook/*uptaked – uptaken
outstride – outstrode/*outstrided – teach – taught/*teached – taught/*teached
outstridden/*outstrode/*outstrid/*outstridded tear – tore – torn
overstride – overstrode/*overstrided – uptear – uptore – uptorn
overstridden/*overstrode/*overstrid/*overstridded tell – told/*telled – told/*telled
strike – struck – struck/stricken foretell – foretold/*foretelled – foretold/*foretelled
overstrike – overstruck – overstruck/overstricken retell – retold/*retelled – retold/*retelled
string – strung/*stringed – strung/*stringed *outtell – outtold/*outtelled – outtold/*outtelled
hamstring – hamstrung/*hamstringed – think – thought/*thinked – thought/*thinked
hamstrung/*hamstringed outthink – outthought/*outthinked – outthought/*outthinked
overstring – overstrung/*overstringed – rethink – rethought/*rethinked – rethought/*rethinked
overstrung/*overstringed thrive – throve/thrived/*thrave – thriven/thrived
strip – stripped/stript – stripped/stript throw – threw/*throwed – thrown/*throwed
strive – strove/strived – striven/strived misthrow – misthrew/*misthrowed –
outstrive – outstrove – outstriven misthrown/*misthrowed
overstrive – overstrove – overstriven outthrow – outthrew/*outthrowed – outthrown/*outthrowed
swear – swore – sworn overthrow – overthrew/*overthrowed –
forswear – forswore – forsworn overthrown/*overthrowed
outswear – outswore – outsworn underthrow – underthrew/*underthrowed –
sweat – sweated/sweat – sweated/sweat underthrown/*underthrowed
sweep – swept/*sweeped – swept/*sweeped upthrow – upthrew/*upthrowed – upthrown/*upthrowed
upsweep – upswept/*upsweeped – upswept/*upsweeped thrust – thrust/*thrusted – thrust/*thrusted
swell – swelled/*swole/*swelt – swollen/swelled outthrust – outthrust/*outthrusted – outthrust/*outthrusted
upswell – upswelled/*upswole/*upswelt – tread – trod/*tread/*treaded/*trodden –
upswollen/upswelled trodden/trod/*tread/*treaded
swim – swam/*swum – swum retread – retrod/*retread/*retreaded/*retrodden –
outswim – outswam/*outswum – outswum retrodden/retrod/*retread/*retreaded
swing – swang/swung – swung/*swungen vex – vexed/*vext – vexed/*vext
overswing – overswang/overswung – wake – woke/*waked – woken/*waked
overswung/*overswungen awake – awoke/*awaked – awoken/*awaked
take – took/*taked – taken wax – waxed/*wex – waxed/*waxen
betake – betook/*betaked – betaken wear – weared/wore – weared/worn
intake – intook/*intaked – intaken *forwear – forweared/forwore – forweared/forworn
mistake – mistook/*mistaked – mistaken outwear – outweared/outwore – outweared/outworn
overtake – overtook/*overtaked – overtaken overwear – overweared/overwore – overweared/overworn
weave – wove – woven
interweave – interwove – interwoven
*unweave – unwove – unwoven
wed – wed/wedded – wed/wedded
miswed – miswed/miswedded – miswed/miswedded
rewed – rewed/rewedded – rewed/rewedded
weep – wept/weeped – wept/weeped
*beweep – bewept/beweeped – bewept/beweeped
wend – wended/*went – wended/*went
wet – wet/wetted – wet/wetted
overwet – overwet/overwetted – overwet/overwetted
will – would – (none)
win – won – won
wind – wound – wound
rewind – rewound – rewound
unwind – unwound – unwound
work – worked/*wrought – worked/*wrought
overwork – overworked/*overwrought –
overworked/*overwrought
wreak – wreaked/*wrought/*wrack/*wroke –
wreaked/*wrought/*wreaken/*wroken
wring – wrang/wrung/*wringed – wrung/*wringed
write – wrote/*writ – written/*writ
cowrite – cowrote/*writ – cowritten
ghostwrite – ghostwrote/*ghostwrit –
ghostwritten/*ghostwrit
handwrite – handwrote/*handwrit – handwritten/*handwrit
miswrite – miswrote/*miswrit – miswritten/*miswrit
overwrite – overwrote/*overwrit – overwritten/*overwrit
rewrite – rewrote/*rewrit – rewritten/*rewrit
underwrite – underwrote/*underwrit –
underwritten/*underwrit
writhe – writhed/*wrothe – writhed/*writhen
zinc – zinced/zinked/zincked – zinced/zinked/zincked