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The document provides an overview of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), detailing their components, working mechanisms, types, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. WLANs utilize radio frequency signals for connectivity, with the IEEE 802.11 standard being the most widely used. Despite challenges such as security risks and limited range, WLAN technology continues to evolve and is essential for modern networking, especially with the increasing prevalence of IoT devices.

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Ankush Mehtre
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17 views10 pages

ETI

The document provides an overview of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), detailing their components, working mechanisms, types, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. WLANs utilize radio frequency signals for connectivity, with the IEEE 802.11 standard being the most widely used. Despite challenges such as security risks and limited range, WLAN technology continues to evolve and is essential for modern networking, especially with the increasing prevalence of IoT devices.

Uploaded by

Ankush Mehtre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Index

Sr.no Content Page no


1 Abstract
2 Introduction
3 Components of WLAN
4 Working of WLAN
5 Types of WLAN
6 Applications of WLAN
7 Advantages and Disadvantages
8 Conclusion
9 Reference
Abstract
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have become a cornerstone of modern communication
by enabling devices to connect and share resources without the need for physical cables. This
technology operates through radio frequency (RF) signals, allowing for flexible and scalable
network setups in homes, businesses, and public spaces. The IEEE 802.11 standard is the most
widely adopted protocol for WLAN, supporting a range of communication speeds and network
configurations. This report explores the fundamental components of WLANs, including access
points, client devices, routers, and network interface cards, while also detailing their working
mechanisms. It discusses various types of WLANs, such as Wi-Fi, ad-hoc, and infrastructure
networks, and examines the wide range of applications across different sectors, from home
networking to enterprise and public Wi-Fi. While WLANs offer significant advantages, such as
mobility, cost-effectiveness, and ease of installation, they also face challenges like security risks,
interference, limited range, and bandwidth limitations. Despite these challenges, WLANs
continue to evolve, making them a critical part of contemporary networking solutions, especially
with the increasing use of IoT devices. The future of WLAN technology is promising, with
advancements in standards like 802.11ac and 802.11ax improving speed, reliability, and security
Introduction
A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a type of computer network that allows devices to
communicate and share resources without the use of physical wired connections. It operates
using radio frequency (RF) signals to transmit data, making it a more flexible solution for
network connectivity. WLANs are commonly used in homes, offices, and public areas such as
cafes, airports, and shopping malls. The most popular WLAN standard is IEEE 802.11, which
defines the protocols for wireless communication in a local area network (LAN).
Components of WLAN
A typical WLAN consists of the following components:

1. Access Point (AP): A device that provides wireless access to the network. It acts as
an interface between the wired network and wireless devices, enabling data transmission.
2. Client Devices: These include laptops, smartphones, tablets, and other wireless-
enabled devices that connect to the network through the AP.
3. Router: A device that routes data packets between the LAN and external networks
(such as the internet).
4. Network Interface Cards (NICs): Hardware installed in client devices, such as
laptops or smartphones, to enable wireless communication.
5. Wireless Signal: The communication medium used to transfer data in WLAN. It uses
electromagnetic waves, typically in the radio frequency range, to transmit data.
Working of WLAN
WLAN operates by utilizing radio waves to allow wireless communication between devices.
Here's how it works:

 Access Point (AP): The AP transmits data to and receives data from client devices
within its range. It connects to the router to enable internet access or network
communication.
 Client Devices: Devices equipped with Wi-Fi-enabled Network Interface Cards
(NICs) can search for nearby access points. Once a device connects to an AP, it can send
and receive data to/from the network.
 Data Transmission: Data packets are transmitted using RF signals from the AP to the
devices and vice versa. This wireless communication follows specific wireless protocols
like IEEE 802.11, which ensures seamless communication between devices.

.
Types of WLAN
There are several types of WLAN depending on their standards and range:

1. Wi-Fi (802.11): This is the most common standard for WLANs, offering speeds
ranging from 11 Mbps (802.11b) to 9.6 Gbps (802.11ax).
2. Ad-hoc Network: A type of WLAN where devices communicate directly with each
other without the need for an access point. It is useful for temporary networks.
3. Infrastructure Network: In this type, devices communicate through an access point,
providing more stability, extended range, and central control.
4. Mesh Network: A decentralized wireless network where devices communicate
directly with each other and can relay data, offering enhanced reliability.
Applications of WLAN
Wireless LANs are widely used in various applications, including:

 Home Networking: For internet access, file sharing, and device communication in a
household environment.
 Enterprise Networking: Businesses use WLAN for connecting devices, enhancing
mobility for employees, and reducing the need for cabling.
 Public Wi-Fi: WLANs are deployed in public spaces such as cafes, airports, and parks
to provide internet access to users.
 Smart Home Devices: WLAN technology is used to connect various IoT (Internet of
Things) devices, such as smart thermostats, lights, and security cameras.
Advantages
1. Mobility: WLAN allows devices to be moved around without losing connectivity.
2. Flexibility: Installation and expansion of the network are easier compared to wired
networks, reducing the need for physical cabling.
3. Cost-Effective: WLAN reduces the cost of cabling and infrastructure, making it an
affordable solution for both small and large networks.
4. Scalability: It is easy to scale up a WLAN by simply adding more access points and
client devices without major changes to the existing infrastructure.

Disadvantages
1. Security: Since WLAN uses radio signals, it is more vulnerable to security threats like
eavesdropping, unauthorized access, and interference. Proper encryption and
authentication protocols (e.g., WPA2) are necessary to secure the network.
2. Interference: WLAN signals can be affected by physical obstructions (walls,
buildings) and interference from other wireless devices operating in the same frequency
bands.
3. Limited Range: The range of WLAN is limited by the power of the access point and
the environment. While range extenders can help, the overall distance is still constrained
compared to wired networks.
4. Bandwidth Limitations: WLAN speeds can degrade with multiple users or heavy
data traffic, especially on older Wi-Fi standards.
Conclusion
Wireless LAN technology has revolutionized networking by providing flexibility, mobility, and
cost-effective solutions for both personal and business applications. Despite challenges such as
security concerns and limited range, WLAN has proven to be an essential technology in the
modern world, enabling seamless communication and internet access in various environments.
With continuous improvements in wireless standards like 802.11ac and 802.11ax, WLAN's
future looks promising, especially with the rise of smart homes and IoT devices.
References
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/wlan-full-form/

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/what-are-wireless-lans

https://www.tpointtech.com/wireless-lan-introduction

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