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Introduction to PHP

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is an open-source server-side scripting language used for web development to create dynamic web pages. It supports various features including variables, data types, control structures, functions, and database interaction, along with error handling and security considerations. Mastering PHP basics is essential for developing secure and efficient web applications.

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Priti Gupta
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2 views

Introduction to PHP

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is an open-source server-side scripting language used for web development to create dynamic web pages. It supports various features including variables, data types, control structures, functions, and database interaction, along with error handling and security considerations. Mastering PHP basics is essential for developing secure and efficient web applications.

Uploaded by

Priti Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to PHP
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a popular open-
source server-side scripting language.
It is widely used for web development to create
dynamic web pages and applications.
PHP scripts are executed on the server, and the
result is sent to the client's browser as plain
HTML.

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Basic Syntax
PHP code is embedded in HTML using <?php ... ?>
tags.

Example:
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Variables
Variables in PHP are declared with a $ sign,
followed by the variable name.

Example:
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Data Types
Common data types: String, Integer, Float,
Boolean, Array, Object, NULL.
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Strings and String Functions


Strings are sequences of characters, enclosed in
quotes.
Concatenate strings using the ` .` operator.

Common string functions: `strlen()`, `strtolower()`,


`strtoupper()`, `substr()`.
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Operators
PHP supports arithmetic (+, -, *, /), assignment (=),
comparison (==, !=, >, <), and logical operators (&&, ||, !).
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Control Structures
If-Else:

Switch:
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Loops
For Loop:

While Loop:

Foreach Loop:
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Functions
Functions in PHP are defined using the function
keyword.
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Arrays
PHP supports both indexed and associative arrays.

-Indexed array:

-Associative array:
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Superglobals
Superglobals are predefined variables in PHP,
accessible from anywhere in the script.
Examples: $_GET, $_POST, $_SESSION, $_COOKIE,
$_SERVER, $_FILES.

-Example usage:
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Form Handling
Forms are used to collect user input and send it to
the server.

-Example form:

-Handling form data in PHP:


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File Handling
PHP provides functions for creating, reading, writing,
and deleting files.

-Example of reading a file:

-Example of write a file:


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Sessions and Cookies


Sessions store user information across multiple
pages.

Cookies are used to store small amounts of data on


the client's machine.
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Error Handling
Error handling in PHP can be managed using try-catch
blocks.

-Example:
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Database Interaction
PHP can connect to databases using extensions like
MySQLi or PDO.
-Example:

Security Considerations
Sanitize and validate user input to prevent SQL injection.
Use prepared statements for database queries.
Hash passwords using functions like password_hash().
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Conclusion
PHP is a powerful language for server-side web
development.
It integrates seamlessly with HTML and
databases.
Understanding PHP basics and best practices is
crucial for building dynamic and secure web
applications.

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