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Cognitive Biases

The document discusses cognitive biases, which are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. It highlights several types of biases, including confirmation bias, hindsight bias, and the Dunning-Kruger effect, explaining how they distort thinking and influence decision-making. The text emphasizes that these biases arise from limited attention and reliance on mental shortcuts, often leading to flawed beliefs and judgments.

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14 views3 pages

Cognitive Biases

The document discusses cognitive biases, which are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. It highlights several types of biases, including confirmation bias, hindsight bias, and the Dunning-Kruger effect, explaining how they distort thinking and influence decision-making. The text emphasizes that these biases arise from limited attention and reliance on mental shortcuts, often leading to flawed beliefs and judgments.

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analysis.datastats
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cognitive Biases Note

Rule: even number


+2,4,8,14,22,32

I am not correct with the trend. I just looked at the first common deiffernet, which is the multiple
of 2, but after, I think that I also can do it with addition. then I changed my mind to write down
the pattern.

Cognitive Biases,

We like to believe that we are rational and logical.

But the fact is that people are continually under the influence of cognitive biases. These biases
distort thinking, influence beliefs, and sway the decisions and judgments that people make each
and everyday.

Sometimes these biases are fairly obvious, and you might even find that you recognize these
tendencies in yourself or others. In other cases, these biases are so subtle that they are almost
impossible to notice.

Why do these biases happen

Attention is a limited resource.

So we cannot possibly evaluate every possible detail and event when forming thoughts and
opinions.

Because of this, we often rely on mental shortcuts that speed up our ability to make judgments,
but sometimes lead to bias.

Confirmation Bias: A tendency to search for information that confirms our existing beliefs.
● We tend to remember information that confirms our belief and forget, ignore, or not pay
attention to information that does not support our beliefs.
● When we want something to be true we will find evidence to confirm our beliefs.
● We also tend to elicit information from other people that support our initial beliefs.
Hindsight Bias
● The tendency to see events, even random ones, as more predictable than they are. It is
also commonly referred to as the “I know it all along” phenomenon.
● It occurs for a combination of reasons, including our ability to “misremember” previous
predictions, our tendency to view events as inevitable, and our tendency to believe we
could have foreseen certain events.
● It causes us to overestimate our ability to predict events. This can sometimes lead
people to take unwise risks.
Dunning-Kruger Effect

The tendency for people with low skill or ability in a given area to be overconfident in their skill
or ability in that area.

● people with high skill are usually aware or how much they know or don’t know
● Conversely people who are largely ignorant are unaware of how little they know
● They don’t have the ability to recognize their lack of ability

“Unskilled and Unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one’s Own incompetence lead to
inflated self-assessments” 1999

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