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Maven and Gradle are popular build automation tools that help manage dependencies, standardize processes, and improve efficiency in software development. Maven is XML-based and widely used for Java projects, while Gradle offers a more modern approach with Groovy/Kotlin DSL, supporting multiple languages and faster builds. The choice between them depends on project needs, team expertise, and specific use cases such as enterprise Java or Android development.

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7 views

devops

Maven and Gradle are popular build automation tools that help manage dependencies, standardize processes, and improve efficiency in software development. Maven is XML-based and widely used for Java projects, while Gradle offers a more modern approach with Groovy/Kotlin DSL, supporting multiple languages and faster builds. The choice between them depends on project needs, team expertise, and specific use cases such as enterprise Java or Android development.

Uploaded by

Nishith S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

to
Maven
and
Gradle
Overview of Build Automation Tools
Build automation tools are used to automate the process of compiling, testing, packaging, and
deploying software. They help developers:
Manage dependencies (libraries and frameworks).
Standardize the build process.
Save time and reduce errors.
Popular Build Automation Tools:
Maven: A widely used build tool for Java projects, based on the POM (Project Object
Model).
Gradle: A more modern build tool that supports multiple languages (Java, Kotlin, etc.) and
uses a Groovy/Kotlin DSL for configuration.
Introduction to Maven

A project management and build automation tool


Uses XML based configuration (POM.xml)
Provides dependency management, reporting, and plugin support
Convention over configuration approach
Maven Architecture

Core concepts: POM (Project Object Model), Plugins, Repositories


Lifecycle Phases: Validate, Compile, Test, Package, Install, Deploy
Supports various plugins and profiles
Maven Build Lifecycle

Default Lifecycle: Handles project compilation and deployment


Clean Lifecycle: Removes previous builds (clean phase)
Site Lifecycle: Generates project documentation
Phases: Validate → Compile → Test → Package → Verify → Install →
Deploy
Introduction to Gradle

A modern build automation tool


Uses Groovy/Kotlin DSL instead of XML
Supports incremental builds and caching
More flexible and faster than Maven
Gradle Architecture

Core components: Build scripts, Tasks, Plugins


Build Scripts: Written in Groovy/Kotlin
Tasks & Plugins: Modular approach to execution
Lifecycle Phases: Initialization, Configuration, Execution
Supports dependency management like Maven
Incremental Builds & Caching: Improves performance
Gradle Build Lifecycle

Initialization Phase : Defines project structure


Configuration Phase : Configures project and dependencies
Execution Phase : Runs tasks in sequence
Tasks can be customized and extended with plugins
Key Differences Between Maven and Gradle
Advantages of Maven

Standardized, widely used in Java projects


Strong dependency management system
Large community support
Integrates well with CI/CD tools
Disadvantages of Maven

Verbose and complex XML configurations


Slower build times compared to Gradle
Less flexible and customizable
Advantages of Gradle

Faster builds with incremental compilation


More flexible than Maven
Supports Groovy and Kotlin DSLs(Domain-Specific Languages)
Ideal for Android development
Disadvantages of Gradle

Learning curve is steeper than Maven


Configuration can be complex for large projects
Less standardized compared to Maven
When to Use Maven vs Gradle

Use Maven: For enterprise Java projects requiring consistency


Use Gradle: For Android and performance sensitive applications
Consider team expertise and project requirements
Installation and Setup
Installing Maven
Download Maven:
Go to https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi
Download the latest binary zip file.
Install Maven:
Extract the zip file to a directory ( Example : /home/cse/opt/maven ).
Add the bin directory to your system's PATH environment variable.
EXAMPLE : export M2_HOME=/home/cse/opt/maven/apache maven 3.9.9
export PATH=${M2_HOME}/bin:$PATH
Verify Installation:
Open a terminal or command prompt and run: mvn –v ( or mvn –version)
Installing Gradle
Download Gradle:
Go to https://gradle.org/releases/
Download the latest binary zip file.

Install Gradle:
Extract the zip file to a directory ( Example : /home/cse/opt/gradle ).
Add the bin directory to your system's PATH environment variable.
EXAMPLE: export PATH=$PATH:/home/cse/opt/gradle/gradle-8.12.1/bin

Verify Installation:
Open a terminal or command prompt and run: gradle -v
Save changes to .bashrc File

Type nano ~/.bashrc in command prompt to open the file.


Add the 3 export lines corresponding to setting up environment.
After making the required changes
Press Ctrl + X, then Y, and press Enter.
After saving run source ~/.bashrc
This reloads the .bashrc file without needing to log out and log in.
CONCLUSION

Both Maven and Gradle are powerful build automation tools.


Choice depends on project requirements and team preference.
Gradle is gaining popularity due to its speed and flexibility.
Learning both can enhance build automation expertise.

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