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AI Midterm Review

The document outlines the details for a revised midterm exam scheduled for February 27, 2025, including its structure of short Q&A, multiple choice questions, and a coding exercise. It provides preparation material covering key concepts in Artificial Intelligence, Supervised Learning, Gradient Descent, and Polynomial Regression. Additionally, it includes a coding task to implement Gradient Descent for linear regression in Python.

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Tommy smith
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11 views4 pages

AI Midterm Review

The document outlines the details for a revised midterm exam scheduled for February 27, 2025, including its structure of short Q&A, multiple choice questions, and a coding exercise. It provides preparation material covering key concepts in Artificial Intelligence, Supervised Learning, Gradient Descent, and Polynomial Regression. Additionally, it includes a coding task to implement Gradient Descent for linear regression in Python.

Uploaded by

Tommy smith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revised Midterm Exam Preparation

Basic Information

• Date: February 27, 2025


• Duration: 60 minutes
• Location: AUPP Campus, Classroom D8

Exam Structure

• 5 short Q&A
• 5 multiple choice questions
• 1 coding exercise

Short Q&A Preparation (5 Questions)

1. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? A: AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence in


machines that can perform tasks like problem-solving, learning, and decision-making.

2. What is Supervised Learning? A: Supervised Learning is a type of machine learning that


uses labeled data to train a model to make predictions or classifications.

3. What is a cost function in machine learning? A: The cost function measures the difference
between predicted values and actual values, helping optimize the model by adjusting parameters
to minimize error.

4. What is Polynomial Regression? A: Polynomial Regression is a type of regression where the


relationship between the input variables and output is modeled as an nth-degree polynomial.

5. What are the types of Gradient Descent? A:

• Batch Gradient Descent: Uses the entire dataset to compute the gradient.
• Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD): Updates parameters using a single randomly
chosen example.
• Mini-Batch Gradient Descent: Updates parameters using small batches of data.

Multiple Choice Questions (5 Questions)

1. Which of the following is a type of Supervised Learning?

• A) Clustering
• B) Reinforcement Learning
• C) Regression
• D) Anomaly Detection
Answer: C) Regression

2. What is the primary goal of Gradient Descent?

• A) Maximize the cost function


• B) Minimize the loss function
• C) Increase model complexity
• D) Improve training time
Answer: B) Minimize the loss function

3. In Linear Regression, the relationship between the variables is modeled by which


equation?

• A) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
• B) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 + 𝜖𝜖
• C) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑑𝑑
• D) 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
Answer: B) 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒘𝒘𝒘𝒘 + 𝝐𝝐

4. What is the time complexity of the Normal Equation for Linear Regression?

• A) O(n)
• B) O(n^2)
• C) O(n^3)
• D) O(log n)
Answer: C) O(n^3)

5. Which of the following is NOT a type of polynomial?

• A) Linear
• B) Quadratic
• C) Exponential
• D) Cubic
Answer: C) Exponential

Coding Exercise

Write a Python function to implement Gradient Descent for a simple linear regression problem.
The function should update the weights until the cost function is minimized.

import numpy as np

def gradient_descent(X, y, learning_rate=0.01, iterations=1000):


m, n = X.shape
weights = np.zeros(n)
for i in range(iterations):
predictions = X.dot(weights)
errors = predictions - y
gradients = X.T.dot(errors) / m
weights -= learning_rate * gradients
return weights

This function uses Gradient Descent to update the weights for a given input matrix XX and
output vector yy, iterating to minimize the cost function.

Details

Q: What is Artificial Intelligence? A: Artificial Intelligence refers to the development of


computer systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence, such as
learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

Q: What are the types of Machine Learning? A: The main types of Machine Learning are
Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Reinforcement Learning.

Q: What is Supervised Learning? A: Supervised Learning is a type of machine learning where


a model is trained using labeled data to predict outcomes.

Q: What is a cost function in Linear Regression? A: The cost function measures the error
between the predicted values and actual values. It helps optimize the model by adjusting the
parameters to minimize this error.

Q: What are the types of polynomials in Polynomial Regression? A:

• Linear Polynomial: 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = 0


• Quadratic Polynomial: 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
• Cubic Polynomial: 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 = 0
• Q: What is Gradient Descent? A: Gradient Descent is an iterative optimization
technique used to minimize the loss function by adjusting the model’s parameters.

Q: What are the types of Gradient Descent? A:

• Batch Gradient Descent: Uses the entire dataset to compute the gradient.
• Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD): Updates parameters using one random training
example.
• Mini-Batch Gradient Descent: Uses a small batch of training examples for updates.
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Normal Equation in Gradient
Descent? A:

• Advantages: Direct computation of the exact solution.


• Disadvantages: Computationally expensive and memory-intensive for large datasets.

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