Sandwich Theorem

𝐡(𝐱)

𝐟(𝐱)
L

𝐠(𝐱)

a
 Sandwich Theorem
1
❖ Determine the value of lim x sin
2
.
x→0 x
 Sandwich Theorem
2
3x −sin 2x
❖ Find the value of lim 2 . [BUET’21-22]
x→∞ x +5
 Mean Value Theorem

❖ If f(x) is a function such that,

(i) The function f(x) is continuous at the interval [a, b] and

(ii) f′(x) is defined in the interval (a, b), then at least one point c will be present in
f b −f a
the interval (a, b) so that, = f c , where a < c < b .
′
b−a
 Mean Value Theorem

❖ For the function f x = x(x − 2) determine a point x = c in the interval [1, 2] so

f 2 −f(1)
that, f c =
′
.
2−1
 Rolle’s Theorem

❖ If f(x) is a function such that,

(i) The function f(x) is continuous at the interval [a, b] and f a = f b .

(ii) f′(x) is defined in the interval (a, b), then at least one point c will be present in
the interval (a, b) so that, f c = 0, where a < c < b .
′
 Rolle’s Theorem

❖ If f x = x + 2, then verify Rolle’s theorem in the interval [−2, 2].

2
DIFFERENTIATION
The First Principle of Differentiation
 Related to Differentiation Using the First Principle

❖ Determine the derivative of log a x using the first principle. [BUTEX’07-08]

 Related to Differentiation Using the First Principle
f x+nh −f(x)
❖ If f x = sin x, then determine the value of Lt .
h→0 nh
[RUET’11-12, BUET’00-01, 16-17]
 Related to Differentiation Using the First Principle

❖ Determine the derivative of x [x ≠ 0] using the first principle.

 Quiz–01

f x+h −f x
❖ If f x = 2 −4x
, then the value of lim is- [BUET’11-12]
h→0 h

(a) −4 × 2 −4x
log e 2

(b) 4 × 2 −4x
log e 2

(c) 2 −4x
log e 2

(d) −4 × 2 −4x−1
Differentiability of a Function
 Differentiability of a Function

❖ Verify if the function y = x − 5 is differentiable at x = 0 and x = 5.

 Differentiability of a Function

❖ Say, f x = x − 1 ; then f(x) is not differentiable for which of the following

value(s) of x? [2005, 2M]

(a) 0, ±1

(b) ±1

(c) 0

(d) 1
 Differentiability of a Function

❖ show that, the function f x = x|x| is differentiable at x = 0.

 Differentiability of a Function

❖ If f x = x x + x + 1 then- [1985, 2M]

(a) at x = 0, f x is continuous but not differentiable

(b) at x = 0, f x is differentiable

(c) at x = 0, f x is not differentiable

(d) None of the above

 Differentiation after Simplifying the Function

cos x−cos 2x
❖ Differentiate y = with respect to x.
1−cos x

sin x+cos x
❖ Differentiate y = with respect to x.
1+sin 2x
 Quiz–02
x4 +x2 +1
❖ If y = then which of the following is the derivative of x with respect to y?
x2 +x+1

(a) 2x − 1

(b) 2x + 1
1
(c)
2x−1

1
(d)
2x+1
 Differentiation after Simplifying the Function

dy
❖ If y = sin 2x + e
2 2 log cos 2x
, then what is the value of ? [KUET’13-14]
dx

(a) 0 (b) −1 (c) 1

(d)−2 (e) 2
 Differentiation after Simplifying the Function
1+sin x− 1−sin x dy
❖ If y = tan
−1
, then =? [KUET’16-17]
1+sin x+ 1−sin x dx
1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c)
2 4
(d) 2 (e) 4
 Related to Chain Rule
d
❖ {ln secx + tanx } =? [IUT'16-17]
dx

(a) secx (b) tanx (c) cotx (d) cosx

 Related to Chain Rule
3 1−cos x 2
❖ Show that, the derivative of 𝓁n with respect to x is cosecx. [CUET’05-06]
1+cos x 3
 Related to Chain Rule
2x−1 dy
❖ If y = f and f x = sin x ; then
′ 2
=? [1982, 2M]
x2 +1 dx
 Related to Chain Rule

2
❖ If f 1 = 1, f 1 = 3, then what is the derivative of f f f x
′
+ f x at x = 1?

[2019, Main, 8 April]

(a) 12 (b) 9 (c) 15 (d) 33
 Multiplication/Division Form of Multiple Functions
sin 2x tan 5x e 3x
❖ Differentiate y = with respect to x.
ln 2x cot 4x
 u Form
v

d v v d
❖ u = u vlnu
dx dx

x
❖ Determine the derivative of x . [BUET’05-06, CUET'09-10]
 u Form
v

x
❖ Differentiate x x
with respect to x. ❖ Differentiate x x x
with respect to x.
 Related to Trigonometric Substitution

➢ For 1 − x say, x = sin θ or cos θ

2

➢ For 1 + x say, x = tan θ or cot θ

2

➢ For x − 1 say, x = sec θ or cosec θ

2

1−x 1+x 2x 1−x 2

a+x a−x
➢ For , , , , , say, x = tan θ
1+x 1−x 1±x2 1+x2 1−ax 1+ax

1+x 1−x
➢ For , say, x = cos θ
1−x 1+x

➢ For 1 ± x say, x = cos θ or sin θ

 Related to Trigonometric Substitution
−1 a+bx
❖ Differentiate y = tan with respect to x.
b−ax

1+x
❖ Determine the derivative with respect to x: sin 4
cot −1
1−x
[BUET’09-10, CKRUET’21-22]
 Related to Trigonometric Substitution

1−x dy
❖ If y = sin 2 tan −1
, then =? [CUET’09-10, KUET’11-12, IUT’14-15]
1+x dx

7x 3x 1
(a) (b) (c)
x2 −1 x2 +1 (1−x2 )

5x −x
(d) (e)
1−x−2 1−x2
 Related to Trigonometric Substitution

2x
❖ Determine the derivative of y = log cosx sin x log sin x cos x −1
+ sin−1
1+x2

with respect to x. [1984, 4M]

 Related to Differentiation of Implicit Functions
dy
❖ If (cos x) = (sin y) , then determine the value of
y x
. [BUET’03-04, 13-14]
dx
 Related to Differentiation of Implicit Functions

dy
❖ If x y = x + y
p q p+q
, then =? [RUET'10-11, BUTEX’15-16]
dx

x y y2 y
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
y x x x
 Related to Differentiation of Implicit Functions

dy
❖ If xexy
= y + sin x ; then at x = 0 what is the value of
2
? [1996, 2M]
dx
 Related to Differentiation of Implicit Functions
1
dy
❖ What is the value of at x = 1 for the equation x + sin y = x ?
3 3
[CKRUET’22-23]
dx
8 2
(a) (b) − (c) 0
3 3

3 3
(d) (e) −
2 2
 Differentiation of Parametric Equation

2
d y
❖ x = a t + sin t , y = a(1 − cos t), then determine 2 . [KUET’11-12]
dx
 Differentiation of Parametric Equation

2
d y x1 y2 −x2 y1
❖ x = f(t) and y = g(t), then Show that, 2 = 3 [RUET’09-10]
dx x1
 Differentiation of a Function with respect
to Another Function
❖ Differentiate cos x with respect to sin x .
 Differentiation of a Function with respect
to Another Function
1 1
❖ At x = determine the derivative of sec −1
− 2 with respect to 1− x .
2
2 2x −1

[1986, 2M]
 Goes to Infinity (∞)

❖ Differentiation of x x x x … ∞ is, [IUT’19-20]

(a) x (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

 Miscellaneous

❖ Say, f: R → R is a function such that, f x = x + x f 1 + xf"(2) + f′′′(3), then

3 2 ′

f 2 =? [2019 Main, 10 Jan I]

(a) 30 (b) −4 (c) −2 (d) 8