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7 Using Final With Inheritance

The document explains the use of the 'final' keyword in Java, which can be applied to variables, methods, and classes to prevent modification, overriding, and inheritance, respectively. A final variable must be initialized upon declaration and cannot be changed, a final method cannot be overridden, and a final class cannot be subclassed. It also contrasts abstract and final classes, highlighting their differences in extensibility and object creation.

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7 Using Final With Inheritance

The document explains the use of the 'final' keyword in Java, which can be applied to variables, methods, and classes to prevent modification, overriding, and inheritance, respectively. A final variable must be initialized upon declaration and cannot be changed, a final method cannot be overridden, and a final class cannot be subclassed. It also contrasts abstract and final classes, highlighting their differences in extensibility and object creation.

Uploaded by

tyagiaparna1213
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Using Final with Inheritance

OOC
4th Sem, ‘B’ Div
2016-17
Prof. Mouna M. Naravani
➢ The keyword final has three uses.
➢ variable
➢ method
➢ class
1. Java final variable
➢ It can be used to create the equivalent of a named constant.
➢ Doing so prevents its contents from being modified.
➢ This means that you must initialize a final variable when it is declared.
➢ If you make any variable as final, you cannot change the value of final variable(It will be
constant).
➢ Ex: final int max = 50;
2) Java final method (Using final to Prevent Overriding)
➢ While method overriding is one of Java’s most powerful features, there will be times when
you will want to prevent it from occurring.
➢ To disallow a method from being overridden, specify final as a modifier at the start of its
declaration.
➢ If you make any method as final, you cannot override it.
class A {
final void method1()
{
System.out.println("This is a final method.");
}
}
class B extends A
{
void method1() { // Compile Time ERROR! Can't override.
System.out.println("Illegal!");
}
}
There are two types of binding
➢ Static binding (also known as early binding) – At Compile Time
➢ Dynamic binding (also known as late binding) – At Run Time
3) Java final class (Using final to Prevent Inheritance)
➢ Sometimes you will want to prevent a class from being inherited.
➢ To do this, precede the class declaration with final.
➢ Declaring a class as final implicitly declares all of its methods as final, too.

final class A {
// ...
}
// The following class is illegal.
class B extends A { // ERROR! Can't subclass A
// ...
It is illegal for B to inherit A since A is declared as final.
}
Difference between abstract and final

abstract final

It must be extended It cannot be extended.

Sub class must override abstract method. As it cannot be extended, there is no


question of overriding.

Abstract class object cannot be created. Final class object can be created.
References

➢ Herbert Schildt, “The Complete Reference, JAVA”, 7th ed

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