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Year 10 Motion Note

The document provides an overview of motion, defining key concepts such as distance, speed, velocity, displacement, acceleration, and force, along with their respective measurements. It explains Newton's three laws of motion, emphasizing the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. Additionally, it discusses the graphical representation of motion through distance vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs.

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vivian.abouzeid
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24 views3 pages

Year 10 Motion Note

The document provides an overview of motion, defining key concepts such as distance, speed, velocity, displacement, acceleration, and force, along with their respective measurements. It explains Newton's three laws of motion, emphasizing the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. Additionally, it discusses the graphical representation of motion through distance vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs.

Uploaded by

vivian.abouzeid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motion

MOTION
Motion: any physical movement or change in position or place relative to a reference point
Distance: how far an object has travelled measured in any length units, SI is metre (d or s), It
is often referred to as scalar as it has size but no direction
Time: duration of an event or duration between two events, measured in seconds, minutes
hours, days (t)
Speed: distance travelled per unit of time. An object moves faster when it travels a greater
distance in a certain time or covers a set distance in a shorter time. SI is m/s or km/h for
cars, scalar measurement is only size, and seconds are written in ms-1, (v)
- Average speed is the measure of how something moves overall, it ignores the stops
and changes in speed that happen in any journey and instead assumes that the
object was travelling at the same speed for the whole time
- Calculate average speed, divide the total distance travelled (d) by the total time taken
(t), units of speed depend on the units of distance and time
- To convert to m/s from km/h x1000 for meters and x3600 for seconds
Instantaneous speed: speed at a particular instant
- Measured by speedometer

Velocity: distance travelled in a given direction divided by the time taken, the unit is m/s,
two objects travelled at the same speed but different directions, it is vector (both
magnitude/size and direction) measurement of an object motion and the direction of its
motion.
- Displacement/time
Displacement: the shortest distance between the initial position and the final position in
which direction (n,e,s,w), SI is metre (s), referred to as vector as it is expressed as a size and
a direction E.g. 10 metres north,
- tells us about the starting point and finishing point but nothing along the path in
between.
- It is the change in the position of a particle
- Delta (triangle) is used to represent the words “change in”
- Final value minus initial value
- Velocity x time
Acceleration: the rate at which velocity changes over time due to either change in speed or
a change in direction, measured in m/s/s or m/s2 or ms-2 (a)
- Formula: Change in velocity(final velocity-initial velocity)/change in time
- Acceleration is uniform if the rate of change of velocity is constant
- If the speed is increasing, the acceleration is positive. If the speed is decreasing the
acceleration is negative and is called deceleration
Deceleration: the rate at which velocity decreases over time
GRAPHS OF MOTION
Distance vs time graph
- Shows how an object’s motion changes over a period of time
- Time is always placed on the horizontal or x-axis and distance is on y-axis

- In Graph 4 u can say during the part they travelled in x amount of m in y amount of
seconds and in part b they are stationary and in part they travel in -x amount in y
seconds (constant velocity)
- Steepness is called slope or gradient
- Average speed is the gradient or slope of distance, the steeper the slope the greater
the speed
- The constant slope is the constant speed
- gradient=change in distance (m)/change in time (s)

Velocity vs time graph


- shows an object’s speed change over time
- time is on the x-axis and velocity is on the y-axis
- the area under the speed time graph dives the distance object has travelled up to
that point
- the gradient of the graph gives the average acceleration
- multiply the cubes on the graph to get area covered
Force: push, pull or twist that changes the motion of an object (F) (strength of energy
exerted)
- moves stationary objects or stop moving objects, accelerate or decelerate or change
the shape of an object
- measured in newtons (N)

Mass: the amount of matter in an object, measured in kg (m)


Weight: the downward force or gravitational pull on an object, measured in N (W)

NEWTON’S THREE LAWS OF MOTION


Newton’s first law (law of inertia)
Inertia: the tendency of an object at rest to remain at rest and an object in motion to remain in
motion
An object will remain at rest unless an unbalanced force acts on it and an object in motion will
remain in motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it. (in the same direction)
E.g. when a brake is applied to a car the unbalanced force that stops the car is only applied to the
car, not the passengers.

Newton’s second law


An object will accelerate in the direction of an unbalanced force acting upon it. The size of this
acceleration depends upon the mass of the object and the size of the force acting.

F=ma
F-force measured in newtons
m=mass measured in kg
a=acceleration measured in m/s2

Newton’s third law


With every action, there’s an equal and opposite reaction.

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