Scribd
Upload
26 views17 pages

Q4 2 Application of The Standard Normal Distribution

The document provides an overview of the standard normal distribution, including how to standardize raw scores into z-scores using specific formulas. It includes examples of calculating z-scores and probabilities associated with different z-values in various scenarios. Additionally, it presents word problems related to salary distributions and pregnancy lengths, demonstrating the application of normal distribution concepts.

Uploaded by

yesand203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views17 pages

Q4 2 Application of The Standard Normal Distribution

The document provides an overview of the standard normal distribution, including how to standardize raw scores into z-scores using specific formulas. It includes examples of calculating z-scores and probabilities associated with different z-values in various scenarios. Additionally, it presents word problems related to salary distributions and pregnancy lengths, demonstrating the application of normal distribution concepts.

Uploaded by

yesand203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Statistics & Probability

Application of the Standard Normal


Distribution
Standardizing a Normal Distribution
• Converting the raw score X, to standard score Z. In reality, not all
situation has mean equal to 0 and standard deviation equal to 1.
Here is the formula to help us apply our knowledge in using the Z –table.

𝑿−𝝁 𝑿−𝒙
𝒁= 𝒐𝒓 𝒁=
𝝈 𝒔
Where: Where:
Z = z-score or standard score Z = z-score or standard score
X = value of the random Variable X = value of the random Variable
or raw score or raw score
µ = population mean 𝒙 = sample mean
σ = population standard deviation s = sample standard deviation
If the z score is positive, the positive score is above the mean. If the z score
is 0, the score is the same as the mean. If the z score is negative, the score is
below the mean.
Example: Determine the z value for each of the following x
values for a normal distribution with µ = 21 and σ = 4

x =7 x = 11 x = 24
𝑿−𝝁 𝑿−𝝁 𝑿−𝝁
𝒁= 𝒁= 𝒁=
𝝈 𝝈 𝝈
𝟕 − 𝟐𝟏 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟒 − 𝟐𝟏
= = =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
−𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟎 𝟑
= = =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝒛 = −𝟑. 𝟓 𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟓 𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
Example: Given the mean µ = 10 and standard deviation σ = 5, of
a population of reading scores. Find the z – value that
corresponds to a score x = 20

Solution:
𝑿−𝝁
𝒁=
𝝈
𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎
=
𝟓
𝟏𝟎
=
𝟓
Thus, the z- value that corresponds to the raw
𝒛=𝟐 score 20 is 2 in a population of distribution.
The score of 20 is above average.
Example: Given the mean µ = 50 and standard deviation σ = 4, of
a population of reading scores. Find the z – value that
corresponds to a score x = 40

Solution:
𝑿−𝝁
𝒁=
𝝈
𝟒𝟎 − 𝟓𝟎
=
𝟒
−𝟏𝟎
=
𝟓
Thus, the z- value that corresponds to the raw
𝒛 = −𝟐 score 40 is -2 in a population of distribution.
The score of 40 is below average.
Probabilities Using the Standard
Normal Table
Probability Notations
P ( a< z< b) denotes the probability that the z-
score is between a and b

P (z > a) denotes the probability that the z- score


is greater than a

P (z< a) denote the probability that the z-score is


less than a
Sign Notation Operation
Greater than z
To the right of z Subtract the area
P(z > a)
At least z
More than z + corresponds to the
given from 0.5
Above z
Greater than z
To the right of z Add 0.5 to the
P(z > a)
At least z
More than z - corresponds area

Above z
Less than z
At most z Add 0.5 to the
P(z < a)
No more than z
Not greater than z + corresponds area

To the left of z
Below z
Less than z
At most z Subtract the area
P(z < - a)
No more than z
Not greater than z - corresponds to the
given from 0.5
To the left of z
Below z
Sign Notation Operation

Subtract the
same sign P( a< z < b) biggest area by the
Between smallest area

𝒛𝟏 and 𝒛𝟐
P(a< z < -b) Add the biggest
Different sign
P(- a< z < b) area by the
smallest area
Example: Given a normal distribution with µ = 3 and σ =0.8, find
the probability that X assumes a value lesser than 2 . P( 2 < X)

Solution: 𝑿−𝝁
𝒁=
𝝈
𝟐 − 𝟑 −𝟏
𝒁= = = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
𝟎. 𝟖 𝟎. 𝟖

𝑷 𝟐 < 𝑿 = 𝑷(−𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 < 𝒁)


𝒓𝒂𝒘 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆(𝑿) 𝟐 𝟑
Z 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆(𝒁) −𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
𝑷 −𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 < 𝒁 =0.5-0.3944 𝟎
Therefore, the probability that X
𝑷 −𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 < 𝒁 =0.1056 or assumes a value lesser than 2 is
10.56% 0.1056 or 10.56%
Example: Given a normal distribution with µ = 87 and σ = 5, find
the probability that X assumes a value greater than 90 . P( X > 90)
Solution: 𝑿−𝝁 0.5 – 0.2257
𝒁=
𝝈
= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟑%
𝟗𝟎 − 𝟖𝟕 𝟑
𝒁= = = 𝟎. 𝟔
𝟓 𝟓
𝑷 𝑿 > 𝟗𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟔

𝒓𝒂𝒘 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆(𝑿) 𝟖𝟕 𝟗𝟎
Z 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆(𝒁) 𝟎 𝟎. 𝟔
Example: Given a normal distribution with µ = 70 and σ =10, find
the probability that X assumes a value between 55 and 82.
P( 55 < X< 82)
Solution: 𝑿−𝝁 𝟖𝟐 − 𝟕𝟎 𝟏𝟐
𝒁= 𝒁= = = 𝟏. 𝟐
𝝈 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 0.3461
𝟓𝟓 − 𝟕𝟎 −𝟏𝟓 𝑷 −𝟏. 𝟓 < 𝒁 < 𝟏. 𝟐
𝒁= = = −𝟏. 𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝑷 𝒁 < 𝟏. 𝟐) − 𝑷(𝒁 < −𝟏. 𝟓
0.4432 + 0.3849 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟖𝟏. 𝟖𝟏 %

𝒓𝒂𝒘 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆(𝑿) 55 7𝟎 𝟖𝟐
Z 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆(𝒁) −𝟏. 𝟓 𝟎 𝟏. 𝟐
Example: The average score of a class in a statistics examination
is 65 out of 100 with a standard deviation of the 10. What percent
of students have a score below 75?
Solution: 𝑿−𝝁
𝒁=
𝝈
𝟕𝟓 − 𝟔𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝒁= = =𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
𝒓𝒂𝒘 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆(𝑿) 7𝟓
Z 𝒔𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆(𝒁) 𝟏

𝑷 𝑿 < 𝟕𝟓) = 𝑷(𝒁 < 𝟏


𝑷(𝒁 < 𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟑
= 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟏𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝟖𝟒. 𝟏𝟑%
A café is selecting a brand of coffee that provides at least 50 cups of coffee. One kilo
of Kopiko makes on the average 50.8 cups of coffee with standard deviation of 3.3
cups, Nescafe makes an average of 51.2 cups of coffee with standard deviation of
4.6 cups. Which brand is more likely to prove at least 50 cups of coffee?

Given a normal distribution with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 3, find the
probability that 𝑋 assumes a value between 43 and 53.

Each month, a household generates an average of 2.8kg of newspaper for recycling.


Assume the standard deviation of 0.2kg. If a household is selected at random, find
the probability of generating a. Between 2.7kg and 3.1kg per month b. More than
3.02 kg per month c. Less than 1.9kg per month.
Activity # : Solve the following word problem. Show your solution
and graph.
1. The salaries of 30 teachers in a small school are normally
distributed with a mean of Php 24,300 with a standard
deviation of Php 4,365. Assuming normality of the data, how
many of the teachers :
a. receives a salary above Php 30,300?
b. receives a salary of Php 20,000 and below?

2. The length of pregnancies are approximately normally


distributed with a mean of 268 days and standard deviation of 15
days. If the data were taken from 260 women, how many of them
have pregnancies between 260 and 268 days?
The End!!
Thank you

You might also like