Z-SCORE

THE Z-SCORE
▪ Number of standard deviations from mean for a particular
data point.

𝜇 − 3𝜎 𝜇 − 2𝜎 𝜇 − 1𝜎 𝜇 𝜇 + 1𝜎 𝜇 + 2𝜎 𝜇 + 3𝜎

THE Z-SCORE
 THE Z-SCORE
▪ Number of standard deviations from mean for a particular
data point.
Formula:
𝑿−𝝁
𝒛=
𝝈
Where:
z → z – score/ standard score
X→ Given Measurement
𝛍 → population mean
𝛔 → standard deviation
Ex.1: In a population of reading scores, the mean is 68,
and standard deviation is 5. Find the z-value that
corresponds to a score of X = 73.
Given: 𝜇 = 68; 𝜎 = 5; X = 73;
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
73−68
𝑧 =
5
5
𝑧 =
5

𝑧=1 53 58 63 68 73 78 83
Ex.2: Given 𝑿 = 𝟓𝟎, 𝝁 = 𝟕𝟖, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟏. Find the z value that
corresponds to a score of X = 50.

𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
50−78
𝑧=
11
−28
𝑧=
11

𝑧 = −2.55 45 56 67 78 89 100 111

50
-2.55
Ex.3: The weights of the students in a certain year level
are normally distributed with a mean of 60 kilograms and
standard deviation of 3.5 kg. Find the z-score that
corresponds to a weight of 55 kilograms.
Given: 𝜇 = 60 𝜎 = 3.5 𝑋 = 55
Solution:
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
55−60
𝑧=
3.5
−5 49.5 53 56.5 60 63.5 67 70.5
𝑧=
3.5 ≈ −1.43 55
-1.43
Example 4: The average score of the 500 students who took
the math departmental exam is 78 with a standard
deviation of 11. Find the z-values that correspond to a
score of 50 and 83.
Given: 𝜇 = 78 𝜎 = 11 𝑋 = 50 and 83
Solution:
• 𝑋 = 50 • 𝑋 = 83
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
𝜎 𝜎
50−78 83−78
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
11
11 45 56 67 78 89 100 111
−28 5
𝑧 = ≈ −2.55 𝑧 = ≈ 0.45 50 83
11 11 -2.55 0.45
Example 5: The weights of 1000 children in a school are
normally distributed with a mean of 50 kg and a standard
deviation of 5 kg. Find the z value that corresponds to a
weight of 45.
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 50 𝜎=5 𝑋 = 45

45−50
𝑧=
5
−5
𝑧=
5

𝑧 = −1
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Example 6: The weights of 1000 children in a school are
normally distributed with a mean of 50 kg and a standard
deviation of 5 kg. What is the corresponding z score for
weights of 37kg and 52kg?
Given: 𝜇 = 50 𝜎=5 𝑋 = 37 and 52
Solution:
• 𝑋 = 37 • 𝑋 = 52
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
𝜎 𝜎
37−50 52−50
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
5 5
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
−13 2
𝑧 = ≈ −2.6 𝑧 = ≈ 0.4 37 52
5 5 -2.6 0.4
Example 7: A mathematics score is 74. if it is given
that 𝜇 = 80 and 𝝈 = 𝟔. Find the area that corresponds to a
z-score
Given: 𝜇 = 80 X = 74 𝜎=6

𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
74−80
𝑧 =
6
−6
𝑧 = 62 68 74 80 86 92 98
6
𝑃 𝑧 = 1 = 0.3413 𝑜𝑟 34.13%
𝒛 = −𝟏
Example 8: The weights of the students in a certain year level are
normally distributed with a mean of 60 kilograms and standard
deviation of 3.5 kg. Find the probability that a students randomly
selected from this group weights less than 55 kilograms.

Given: 𝜇 = 60 𝜎 = 3.5 𝑋 = 55

𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
55−60
𝑧=
3.5
49.5 53 56.5 60 63.5 67 70.5
−5
𝑧=
3.5 ≈ −1.43 55
-1.43
0.5

0.4236

P X < 55 = 0.5 − 0.4236

P X < 55 = 0.0764 or 7.64%

Example 9: The average score of the 500 students who took
the math departmental exam is 78 with a standard
deviation of 11. Find the percentage of the total
students who scored from 50 to 83.
Given: 𝜇 = 78 𝜎 = 11 𝑋 = 50 and 83
Solution:
• 𝑋 = 50 • 𝑋 = 83
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
𝜎 𝜎
50−78 83−78
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
11 11
45 56 67 78 89 100 111
−28 5
𝑧 = ≈ −2.55 𝑧 = ≈ 0.45 50 83
11 11 -2.55 0.45
 0.1736
0.4946

To find the percentage:

𝑃 50 < 𝑋 < 83 = 0.4946 + 0.1736
𝑃 50 < 𝑋 < 83 = 0.6682 = 66.82%
Example 10: The weights of 1000 children in a school are
normally distributed with a mean of 50 kg and a standard
deviation of 5 kg. How many children weigh below 45 kg?
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 50 𝜎=5 𝑋 = 45
45−50
𝑧=
5
−5
𝑧= = −1
5

𝑃 𝑋 < 45 = 0.5 − 0.3413

35 40 45 50 55 60 65
𝑃 𝑋 < 45 = 0.1587 𝑜𝑟 15.87%
15.87% × 1000 = 158.7
∴ 159 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 45𝑘𝑔
Example 11: The weights of 1000 children in a school are
normally distributed with a mean of 50 kg and a standard
deviation of 5 kg. How many children weigh between 37kg to
52kg?
Given: 𝜇 = 50 𝜎=5 𝑋 = 37 and 52
Solution:
• 𝑋 = 37 • 𝑋 = 52
𝑋−𝜇 𝑋−𝜇
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
𝜎 𝜎
37−50 52−50
𝑧 = 𝑧 =
5 5
35 40 45 50 55 60 65
−13 2
𝑧 = ≈ −2.6 𝑧 = ≈ 0.4 37 52
5 5 -2.6 0.4
To find how many children weigh between 37kg to 52kg:
𝑃 37 < 𝑋 < 52 = 0.4953 + 0.1554
𝑃 37 < 𝑋 < 52 = 0.6507 𝑜𝑟 65.07%
0.6507 × 1000 = 650.7 → 651 children
Example 12: The test scores of a physics class
with 800 students are normally distributed with
a mean of 75 and standard deviation of 7.
a) What percentage of the class has a test
score between 68 and 82?
b) Approximately how many students have a test
score between 61 and 89?
Example 12: The test scores of a physics class with 800 students are
normally distributed with a mean of 75 and standard deviation of 7.
a) What percentage of the class has a test score between 68 and
82?
Solution:
To find the percentage of the class that
has a test score between 68 and 82?

𝑃 68 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 82 = 0.3413 + 0.3413
𝑷 𝟔𝟖 ≤ 𝑿 ≤ 𝟖𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟐𝟔 or 68.26%

54 61 68 75 82 89 96
Example 12: The test scores of a physics class with 800 students are
normally distributed with a mean of 75 and standard deviation of 7.
b) Approximately how many students have a test score
between 61 and 89?
Solution:
To find how many students have a test
score between 61 and 89?

𝑃 61 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 89 = 0.4772 + 0.4772
𝑷 𝟔𝟏 ≤ 𝑿 ≤ 𝟖𝟗 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟒𝟒 or 95.44%
95.44% × 800 = 763.52
∴ 764 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
Example 13: The average Pag-ibig salary loan form RFS Pharmacy Inc.
employees is P23,000. If the debt is normally distributed with a
standard deviation of P2,500, find the probability that the
employee owes less than P18,500.
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 23,000; 𝜎 = 2,500; 𝑋 = 18,500
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎

18,500−23,000
𝑧= = −1.8
2,500

𝑷 𝒛 = −𝟏. 𝟖 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟓𝟗 or 𝟑. 𝟓𝟖%

28,000

30,500
23,000

25,500
15, 500

18,000

20,500

18,500
Example 14: The average of bank managers is 40 years. Assume
the variable is normally distributed. If the standard
deviation is 5 years, find the probability that the age of a
randomly selected bank manager will be in the range between
35 and 46 years old.
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 40; 𝜎 = 5; 𝑋 = 35 & 46
𝑋−𝜇 46−40
𝑧= ; 𝑧= = 1.2
𝜎 5

𝑃 35 < 𝑋 < 46 = 0.3413 + 0.3849

𝑷 𝟑𝟓 < 𝑿 < 𝟒𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟐 or 72.62%
25 30 35 40 45 50 55

46
1.2
Example 15: The scores of 120 students in a Statistics
test is normally distributed with a mean of 88 and
standard deviation of 5. how many students got a score
of below 96?
Solution: Given: 𝜇 = 88; 𝜎 = 5; 𝑋 = 96
𝑋−𝜇 96−88
𝑧= ; 𝑧= = 1.6
𝜎 5

𝑃 𝑋 < 96 = 0.5 + 0.4452

𝑃 𝑋 < 96 = 0.9452 or 94.52%

73 78 83 88 93 98 104
120 × 94.52% = 113.42 → 113
96 ∴ there are 113 students who
1.6
got a score below 96.
 THE Z-SCORE
To find the value of X:
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
𝑋−𝜇
𝜎 𝑧= 𝜎
𝜎

𝑧𝜎 = 𝑋 − 𝜇
𝑋 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
Example 1: Given 𝑧 = 2.4, 𝜇 = 250, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 40. find the
value of X.

𝑋 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇

𝑋 = 2.4 40 + 250

𝑋 = 96 + 250

𝑿 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔
Example 2: Given 𝑧 = −1.6, 𝜇 = 8.5, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 0.5. find
the value of X.

𝑋 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
𝑋 = −1.6 0.5 + 8.5

𝑋 = −0.8 + 8.5

𝑿 = 𝟕. 𝟕
Example 3: Given 𝑧 = −2.1, 𝜇 = 300, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 = 40. find
the value of X.

𝑋 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
𝑋 = −2.1 40 + 300

𝑋 = −84 + 300

𝑿 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔
Example 4: Let X be a normally distributed random variable
with a mean 120 and standard deviation of 8.

The score which lies 2 standard deviation above the mean is

136
_______.

96 104 112 120 128 136 144

Example 5: A normally distributed random variable has mean
200 and standard deviation 15.

Find the highest score that lies within one standard deviation
of the mean. 215

155 170 185 200 215 230 245

Example 6: A normally distributed random variable has mean
200 and standard deviation 15.

Find the lowest score that lies within three standard deviation
of the mean. 155

155 170 185 200 215 230 245

 Activity #3
Solve the following problem:
1. The salaries of 30 teachers in a small school are normally
distributed with a mean of ₱24,300 with a standard deviation of
₱4,365. Assuming normality of the data, how many of the teachers
(a)receive a salary of ₱20,000 and below?
(b)receive a salary above ₱30,000?
2. The average temperature recorded in the city for the month of
January this year is 17.130 𝐶 with a standard deviation of 2.230 𝐶.
Assuming a normally distributed data, find the probability that
January next year, the city will have a temperature
(a)below 130 𝐶.
(b)more than 150 𝐶 but not over 190 𝐶.
3. The average score of a class in a statistics examination is 65
out of 100 with a standard deviation of 10. What percent of
students have a score below 75?
 COMPUTING
PERCENTILE USING THE
STANDARD NORMAL
TABLE
 COMPUTING PERCENTILE USING STANDARD
NORMAL TABLE
▪ PERCENTILE – is a measure of relative standing. It is descriptive
measure of the relationship of a measurement to the rest of the
data
Example:
In a test in Algebra, you got a score of 82 and you want to know
how you fared in comparison with your classmates. If your teachers
tells you that you scored at the 90th percentile, it means that 90%
of the grades were lower than yours and 10% were higher.
 COMPUTING PERCENTILE USING STANDARD
NORMAL TABLE
▪ Four important things to remember:
1. A probability value corresponds to an area under the
normal curve.
2. The numbers in the body of the table of areas under
the normal curve or the z-table, also known as the
standard normal table are areas or probability.
3. Z-scores to the left of the mean are negative values
4. In locating area at the body of the table, if the
exact area is not available, we take the nearest
area.
EXAMPLE 1: Find the 95th percentile (𝑷𝟗𝟓 ) of a normal
curve.

𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟓 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓
𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟗𝟓 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟔𝟒

0.50 0.4500 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓 + 𝟏. 𝟔𝟒
𝒛=
𝟐

𝒛 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟓

?
1.645
EXAMPLE 2: Find the 85th percentile (𝑷𝟖𝟓 ) of a normal
curve.

0.8500

?
1.04

𝟎. 𝟑𝟓𝟎𝟖 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟒
EXAMPLE 3: Find the u𝐩𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝟐𝟎% of the normal curve.

0.80

?
0.84

𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟗5 ≈ 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒
EXAMPLE 4: The results of the National Achievement Test
in Mathematics are normally distributed with 𝝁 = 𝟕𝟓 and
𝝈 = 𝟏𝟎. What is the percentile rank of the score 88?
Solution:
Given: 𝜇 = 75; 𝜎 = 10; 𝑋 = 88
𝑋−𝜇 88−75
𝑧= ; 𝑧= = 1.3
𝜎 10

𝑃 𝑧 < 1.3 = 0.5 + 0.4032

𝑷 𝒛 < 𝟏. 𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝟑𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟗𝟎. 𝟑𝟐%
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
The percentile rank of the
score 88 is 90.32%
1.3
EXAMPLE 5: The results of a nationwide aptitude test in
mathematics are normally distributes with 𝝁 = 𝟖𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟓.
Find the raw score such that 70% of the cases are below
it.

70%

0.5 0.2

?
0.52
EXAMPLE 5: The results of a nationwide aptitude test in
mathematics are normally distributes with 𝝁 = 𝟖𝟎 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟓.
Find the raw score such that 70% of the cases are below
it.
𝑋−𝜇
𝑧= ;
𝜎

70% 𝑋 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
0.5 0.2 𝑋 = 0.52 15 + 80

𝑿 = 𝟖𝟕. 𝟖
?
0.52 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
In this distribution. 70% of the scores are below
the score 88.
EXAMPLE 6: Having obtained a score of 85 in a recently concluded
unit test in Mathematics, Bob wanted to know how he fared in
comparison with his classmates. His teacher told him that he scored
at the 90th percentile. What is the corresponding z-score of 90th
percentile?

90%

0.5 0.4

?
1.28
EXAMPLE 7: A normally distributed data has a mean 𝜇 = 45
and 𝜎 = 6. Find the value of 𝑋 that has 13% of the area
below it.
𝑃 𝑧 < ? = 0.13
0.5
0.5 − 0.13 = 0.37
0.37
0.13

?
EXAMPLE 7: A normally distributed data has a mean 𝜇 = 45
and 𝜎 = 6. Find the value of 𝑋 that has 13% of the area
below it.
𝑃 𝑧 < ? = 0.13
0.5
0.5 − 0.13 = 0.37
0.37
To find the value of X: 0.13

𝑋 = 𝑧𝜎 + 𝜇
?
-1.13
𝑋 = −1.13 6 + 45
𝑿 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟐𝟐