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Graph Algorithms

The document discusses the traveling salesman problem and its application in optimizing network flow through shortest path algorithms. It details various centrality measures that identify influential nodes within networks, such as betweenness, degree, and closeness centrality, and their significance in marketing and network resilience. Additionally, it highlights the relevance of graph algorithms in predicting connections and enhancing organizational efficiency.

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fralinwidener
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2 views

Graph Algorithms

The document discusses the traveling salesman problem and its application in optimizing network flow through shortest path algorithms. It details various centrality measures that identify influential nodes within networks, such as betweenness, degree, and closeness centrality, and their significance in marketing and network resilience. Additionally, it highlights the relevance of graph algorithms in predicting connections and enhancing organizational efficiency.

Uploaded by

fralinwidener
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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From: Ricky Gonzales and Fralin Widener

To: Dr. Hala Nelson

Subject: Math 340 - Optimization on Networks - Graph Algorithms

Due Date: February 20th, 2025

______________________________________________________________________________

Pathfinding

The traveling salesman problem is used to optimize the flow between various connections of a

certain network. The algorithm works by finding the shortest total path between a bunch of

destinations and continues doing so until the full distance between all points is minimized. This

is helpful in establishing routes between facilities and deliveries for any certain services.

Centrality: Patterns of Power Summary

The lecture explores how centrality measures can identify influential nodes within networks.The

lecture explains bridges and control points, which are nodes that act as connectors facilitating the

flow of information. Influencers are nodes with significance due to the numerous or quality

connections. Vulnerable nodes are nodes that when removed, significantly disrupt the network’s

connectivity. Communities and clusters are groups of nodes that are more densely connected than

with each other than the rest of the network.

Betweenness centrality identifies the bridges and control points by measuring how often a node

appears on the shortest path between other nodes and is determined by analyzing the shortest

paths between all pairs and counting how frequently each node lies on them. Degree centrality

and pagerank determine the influencing nodes by counting direct connections and evaluating the

quantity and quality of links to a specific node. Degree centrality is calculated by counting direct
connections and differentiating between the incoming and outgoing links in a directed network

and pagerank assigns initial values to nodes and updates based on the importance of the other

nodes. Closeness centrality specifies vulnerable nodes by determining the average shortest path

from a node to all others and takes the reciprocal sum of a node’s shortest path while favoring

nodes which are connected to the network through quick access. Modularity detects communities

by evaluating the density of the internal connections as compared to the external connections and

is optimized by different methods that iteratively detects clustered nodes.

Understanding and using these measures allows for influence within networks. Nodes that are

high in degree or pagerank can be targeted for marketing and information dissemination. Nodes

with high betweenness or closeness centrality can be used to reinforce critical network points

against failures. And content can be tailored for different network segments through community

detention and modularity aids.

I found that graph algorithms can predict missing or future connections, an interesting part of the

lecture. This is because anticipating relationships based on existing structures can be applied to

many different fields and highlights the importance of graph analytics in finding hidden patterns

and helping in proactive strategic planning. This information can be used to enhance efficiency

in internal communication structures and organizations and optimize outreach, which are

important for business organizations.

Centrality

A few of these measures are familiar and seem to coincide with business, biology, and

mathematics based research. The ones that seem the most interesting are: bottleneck, linear
combinations, and Hypergraph SC. It seems that these methods are thought processes and

existing techniques to resolve problems in Operations Research.

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