“kg paads pur Kq aun ne a9 pawasaudat st Sse ‘ux so ia} USE yess 304 PION ~Fe-a som | ww Ts 29 uP YO SaILUWYNO YOLOBA aNy BYTVOS 1? ee __SULLLNYIND, WOLOGA GRY EVIE NOLLOW OL CaLV 14a SWWAL OS © scanned with OKEN Scanner4OTION ene In ion yes moving around Use. Bey meses ving people aking, fying, cars animals running ete, Our earth insecls Crawtind the sun so every thing. on earth ‘also moves rod the aaa Oya Oe wae Ee unriiadmvonombe ne te pan a sf ci in a oer Sy ae Oe Een a ok Ce apa oa ose ee seam rey ta eres changing its position with respect to ws. Thus, 22 REST AND very object i [A bony is said 1 be at rest ifr does not change its position with respect to its immediate surrounding’) while a body is said to be in ‘motion if it changes its postion with respect t0 ts immediate surroundings | Fora moving body, ifthe distance ttavelled in conan time interval is much large as compared to the size ofthe body, the body can be assumed tobe a point particle. In this chapter, we shall study the ‘description of motion ofa body assuming it to be a point particle, One dimensional motion : When a body maves ‘along a straight line path, its motion is said to be ‘one dimensional motion. Iisalso called mation in 4 sinight line or rectilinear motion. For example, the motion of a train on a straight track, a stone falling down vertically, a car moving on along and Straight road etc., are one dimensional (or reetlinear) motions. In such a motion, there is no ‘ovement of the body in lateral direction (i.e. n0 sideways motion). _,._ Nhn body moves ona plane along a curved path, ‘Eo is vo dimensional and when it moves ia is motions three dimensional In this chapter, ‘we shall consider only the one dimensional motion. 4 7 Representation The path of on anemia ‘cess Sta nee! ais istaken inte discon he Kay "ot et on the straight ine represents hep Ep at floret instants The pox 8 ng itera abet Atthat instant Ashe parlemones ig, changes with timer SIS, Example : sina al motion : co ‘The postion of a from its starting point, fall me “falling freet iat downvarls at dierent gh a at Ky maT Ts Tey ‘The motion ofthe pebble can ‘choosing a proper scale for ona Narisasstomn nig 21 Hoe aah et the vertically downward Giecion as Te! et of, 23 DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT Consider a body moving fiom a point A to a point B along te pth shown in Fig. 22. ‘Then total length of path from Ato B is called the distance moved by the body, while the 422 aasays length of straight line AB in Dabfonaw direton from A to B (shaw by the doe ein Fig, 22) sealed the displacement fhe aly be represen Sughd @ Distance The total length of path along whick @ ‘moves, i called the distance travelled by distance traveled bya body depends 0 followed by the body. % Tt is a sealar quantity. 1 represented by the leer. Unit : The SL. unit of distance i CGS. unit is eentimetre (em). __— etl @ scanned with OKEN Scanner is general nen) =Displacement Tie shoriest distance from the initial to he {fal postion ofthe bod, isthe magnitude of displacement and its direction is rom the initia ‘postion to the final position, Se eae oe eee a aoa’ se wromaem td eee eeacecee eee arr a pan tenn owas aes oe esa moisetacenent—> enone owt coc remvinus 5 Fig, 2. Representation of displacement Distinction between distance and displacement (1) The magnitude of displacement is either ‘equal to or less than the distance. 1f motion is along a fixed direction, the magnitude of displacement is equal to that of distance, but if motion is along a curve or any zig-zag path, the magnitude of displacement is always less than that of distance. Distinction between distance and SI ‘The magnitude of displacement can never be {reater than the distance travelled by he body. Examples: () In Fig. 2.2, the body moves from A.oBalong acurved path. The distance travelled by the body isequal tothe length of the curved path AB, but the displacement ofthe body i along the straight line AB shown by the dotted arrow. Obviously the magnitude of displacement is less than the distance. (i) In Fig. 24, aboy travels 4kmn towards east and then 3 km towards north. The total distance travelled by the boy is OA + AB =4 km +3 km = 7 km, ‘but the displacement of the boy is OB = 5 km in direction OB ie., 369° due north from east Nog aie ig, 24 Dinplacoment sa rector Thus, the magnitude of displacement is represented by te length ofthe straight line between the final and inital positions. {@) The distance is the length of path travelled by the body, so it is always positive, but displacement is the shortest length in direction from initial position to the final position. So it ean be positive or negative depending on its direction, (@) The displacement can be zero even if the distance is not zero. If a body, after travelling, ‘comes back to its stating point, the displacement is zero but the distance travelled is not zero. placement Distance Displacement TW the Teng of the path wavered by the object in 2. This a sealar quantity, thas only the magnitude 3. depends on the path fllowed by the object. 4. This always postive ‘5 Ttean be more than or equal tothe magnitude of displacement. 6, Itmay not be zero even if displacements zero, but itcan not be zero if displacement snot zr. Ty ef the dance traveled by the objet ina specified dietion in a cettin time (Le, isthe shortest distance between the fina and initial poston). tis a vector quant ie, it has both the magnitude and aliection, i does not depend on the path followed by the objet. ean be postive or negative depending on its direction, Its magnitude can be less than or equal tothe distance, but ‘ean never be greater than the distance. Itis zero if stance is zero, but itcan be zero even if distance @ scanned with OKEN ScannerI Examples (9) When a body is thrown vertically spvans om a pont on he run, ser 0 Ue tees tack othe sae point hen he pce ed tt hdc aval by ebay a 0 Gs nite Ising aie by eBoy) {When a tady moving in cur ah sete gal poston afer oe oud ten the dslamen a een fone ud 220, butte diane traveled by Hi egal te Geamteece ofthe clr pth (22a I is thal of cel pal) 24 SPEED AND VELOGTY oramoving oy ped be quant by wich welnow hw st ti bly ovine loc iste quant by which weow bow fst te body ismving ine cerindson, Speed des ntl tuin whch dreton th body is vig ) Speed | The speed of a body is the rate of change of distance with time. Numerically, it is the distance travelled by the body in Is Is a scalar quantity tis generally represented by the leter wor Ia body travels a distance $ in time ¢, then its speed v is Dinunee s Tine | Speed v 1) rit diane, Unit: Unit of speed = Uitot dstan Since SL unit of distance is mete (m) and of time is second (), 50 the SI. unit of speed is metre per second (ms) and its C.GS, unit is centimetre per second (em s"}), Uniform speed : A body is said 10 be moving With uniform speed if t covers equal distances in qual intervals of time throughout its motion. Example : The motion of a ball on a Jrictionless plane surface is with uniform speed. Knowing the uniform speed of a body. we ean calculate the distance moved by the body in a ‘ceriain interval of time. Ifa body moves with @ niform seed, he distance tye Fis itenas (sevq] Nomiform ovariblespea4, to be moving with non-uniform (op ety i covers unequal distances in ope) fine o cee a eg Examples : The motion of a by sae, th moon of cin cng ee ity 7 the motion of a vehicle leaving we ed contwonnly increases, Sinilely, arn “dl he rain rp ar fling, fr clo ceases se tf ry bt ers son te toro) Sree ofthe scons oe and opus ates the yt th ado wit he re hate net fore ye ee ols doo th orn ‘motion ofa body in a circular path even with uniform speed is with variable ¢ is Velocky bcauo in «cer Fath the decton of mations DN Of the body. changes ry-24 coau continuously with time. In ofeomtunt eed” fact ety hangs ata br my uniform rate, At any instant, its velocity is along the tangent to the circular path at that point, Fig. 2.5 shows the direction of velocity v at different points A, B, C and D of the circular pat, Tn case of a body moving with non-uniform velocity, we specify the instantaneous velocity and the average velocity. Instantaneous velocity : For a body moving with variable velocity, the velocity of the body at any instant is called its instantaneous velocity. Ibis measured by finding the ratio of the distance travelled in a sufficiently small time interval, to the time interval. Ics important to have time interval small enough so that the direction of motion does not change during this interval. Average velocity: Ifthe velocity ofabody moving ina particular direction changes with ime, the ratio of isplacement tothe time taken in the entire journey is called its average velocity. Thus, Displacement (25) Total time taken Average velocity = Distinction between speed and velocity (1) Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector quantity, The speed of a body ata given time tells us how fast the body is moving at that time, The same information is also obtained by its velocity, but the velocity also tells us the direction in which the body is moving. For the motion in a straight line, the magnitude of velocity is its speed. The speed is always positive, but velocity is given a positive or negative sign depending upon its direction of motion. The average velocity of a body can be zero, even if its average speed is not zero. _™ Tika cae of dimensional moron or no lnar mation @ @ @ scanned with OKEN ScannerDistinction between speed and velocity a 7 =a | haere a ote Sa Pesearee {ieee Say LESS e ae |: Someta cate Eeagee P ocece rca mete wet ota ana Eee ema ome [4 Somer sem eer al Examples: () Ha body sts is motion fen 2 pt nd cones buck 1 he same pnt ther & ain ine inter, the dapat is tec be werge loi ao sr, ba i tol dance teled i tz ond then the average sedi ot oe (Oita bly movesin a cicalaruh nd cover qu dances neq itera of ie the sed isoifom, but defo continous cheng fren Giecton of motion, is velocity is vane. insanaeou elo and instance sped ne Se tz Te dco one on sa The Si ut of lca «and therefore, the average velocity is also zero, but of time is second, Pest a the avenge speeds 2urTitrinthe mana tnd Tithe tine taken in on round 25 ACCELERATION AND RETARDAT Genny, bodes de et nee et fom TRESS. cao eee EO rots The vlosiyof holy chngeyeter in, Relion for accderton: La ah beg ‘agnitude or in direction or both in magnitude as & tight line in a fixed direction witha i ‘allt in direction, For example, the motion of a Y°!sity Kt velocity changes in shor neil sei vel wcy in ah nak“ nin re Sra eing once a nen ey a Iain of planet o salt nan bal pa Aecelenton @ = £22 slko with variable velocity. ar Now we conse he motion only instal lin ath Hee, there is nochange in decton ot IE > w then a is pose, thas ei ‘chal he change in velocity is ony due 8ECleaton. But ity <1 thn ais me we | Unit + Unit of acceleration = Uta ely ‘SL. unit of acceleration jg EYE PE scans — = metre per second squire eens } # or vewsat ar eite® it speed. In sach a case, ifthe velocity ithe retardation, te a tees with tne, the motion is said to Examples (1) Supose cari) | renee ited while if the velocity of body stating soguis veloc 2a 0s esis ases with time, the ms" ‘motion is said to be inits velocity is 20 ms'~Oms'=2085% Te tarded), Thus, retardation is change has been brought about in 108 Te ete acceleration. acceleration of cris *Asceerton thee mst—-oms | 20ms" 22me ‘tie dena sean Gime ie gy ms -Ome Bat 2 Wt dl © scanned with OKEN Scanner1f 2 car initially moving with a velocity sm $8 brought fo rest in 5 sy applying the 25s then acceleration ofthe cris =-Sms? cintion=5 ms? (ince negative aceeation Sted he retardation psrtiona Yetor quant. sree ty te smbel The drecton of seseraton is + Gretna kangen velo. Forth monn seh line, the aeceraton i in direction of sion fe ody. Timay be mentioned here thatthe acceleration of ‘body doesnot determine is direction of motion, write the velocity determines its direction of Tnotion. The positive or negative sign of eceleration tells us whether the velocity is cect or decreasing with time, whereas the ve or negative sign of velocity tells its recon of esi. Uniform acceleration : The acceleration is said 10 be uniform (or constant) when equal honges in velocity fake place in equal intervals ‘aftine, ie, when velocity a8 uniformly changing. ‘The motion of a body under gravity (eg, fre fall cof a body) is an example of uniformly accelerated ston, Yariable acceleration : If change in velocity in the same intervals of time, the is sai to be variable. The motion of is with the lars am yectors locity, distbnce, on 2 Expres the sped 36 km hm _ 365 * Th ~~ @x6s % Find the distance traveled by a DOW Sia = Aceceration due to gravity : When a bod als Jeely under gravity, the acceleration produced in the body due to earth's gravitational atraction is called acceleration due to gravity. 8 genetally denote bythe leer g, When a body falls down, is ‘elosty increases with time, so the acceleration is + & while if he body moves vertically upwards, its velocity decreases with time, so the acceleration is = 8 (rthe retardation is). ‘The average vale of g i 9.8 m 5+ (or nearly 10 m s*), Actually it varies from place to place” Thus ia body falls rely under gravity, its velocity increas at arate of 98 m £2, Le, santng from rest, afer I s the velocity will be 9:8 ms, after 2 the velocity willbe 2x98 = 1946 ms"; after 3, the velocity wil be 3 x98 =29-4 ms and so ‘on, Similarly, a a body is projected verically upwards its velocity decrease at arate of 98 m5, ie, if a body is projected venically upwards with an iil velocity of 49 m after Is, its velocity will become 39-2 m safer 2s, its velocity will become 294 m sy after 3 5, its velocity will ‘become 196 m sand so on, Note : The valve of ¢ does not depend on the mast ofthe body. Hene i wo bodies of itferent ‘masses are simultaneously dropped in vacuum fom eight, both will each the ground simultaneously because then there is no effect of friction and buoyancy duet air ie ora fc mn ie poland mini ie epee he re of g decreases with alin ll dip fn he ot re 4. A train moving with uniform speed covers @ ‘istance of 120 m in 2 s Caeuate : () the sped ‘of the tain, Gi) the tae i wll take to cover 240m. © scanned with OKEN Scannereager » pac eed (Spt oft nine Dae or ee” comet Tine tke to cover 240m distance jam 208 (pet Gm asm ss erty ta it of 125m Sune cm epee c I aistance travelled (i) i he average ped) the erage el of teh Gi $= 128m 1655 (0 al iace etd +5025 =2x125m=250m Digest = 0 (ce Hl postion i sane +a posto). Tal des tg (0) ete sped = Tae ae 28 _ Deia5m “hr * has <8 eet (Average ea 20). 0 (Since displacement is © A tain frst travel oF 30 in with a velocity 30 kt and then for 40 min {flr inthe sume direction, Cae theta stance travelled, (i) th of te rin, average’ velocity 3 p=d0min= 24, 0 em to (0 isaac vee = relay Seneieme ls igen Sega 2 = 1207 aatdely * Area elo « Tot dies a ¢ eter rota s = fang alin ee CHR = 3871 kan Reng: os’ tance sp ad hen 60 Mth the same dines, ) the total time fj ‘locity ofthe eae, Give 5 = 50k,» = 25 np Sy= Om 5, = 20 mgs (© Time of journey ¢ = Ditce s Te Acar travels a dist 25 km "emi eke Sty 7 Bey sige. ae Sen Mngt 4 Talieethny rege = a 00 Rat dite ental sag km + ime toe, = Baldness Aveage ec « q ome alin ee 1 amet 1 oa et nen 23 cma S'osome mie pt Given, 0 =20 m Sms apm is Tessas 9 A pebble thrown vertical initial velocity $0 m Find the retardation Given, w= 50m", v2, Ny upwards witha ‘umes toa spin Se Acceleration a = =H _ Ome? Hence, retrdaion = 10ms3, 10. The table below shows the distance la em (avelled by the objects A, Band ¢ drag second, | Distance Cincy cored ne] ond by Ay Band © | ‘Obie TOnjec [Ont 2» | 2» | om wi law | ow 2 | a | 2» |» | w | | im ae @ scanned with OKEN Scanner‘which objet és moving with constant speed ? (Grea reason for your answer Ginieh object i moving with a constant ‘tration? Give a reason, ich object is moving with regular dreeleation? ‘Te object A season is hal cach second: ‘moving with constant speed, The covers equ distance (= 20 en) in re between sear and vector quniis, examples of ea following quantity isa scalar or piles ving 0 sat whether the vector? (@) presse (© momenta (@ weieht ‘Ans (2) sala () force (@ energy (speed (6) vector (6) vetor (sear (@) vector sala gy su oe a est? Sy suid tobe in motion ? ‘one diredon ? svten sb ‘When a bs “ya do you mean by mon in peta dpacement Sat Unit pees biwenn distance and i a pasmeat te eo even if stance i 2 can eee expe 1 epi YOU" ASHE ‘re nh magntde of placement equal ch disunce 7 ‘ans When d Define vei. Sat i wit Daf sped. What its Suit? Dating Between sped and velo ‘ch quit, ped or vl gives be etn titan by ? ‘as. Veloity Sens instances speed same a the aver sel? Diiguch betwen uniform velocity and varie vero, Distinguish between average speed and average er, ‘Give a example of mation of «body moving ith a ‘emsant sped, but with a variable velocity, Draw & ‘tagram to represent such a motion. Ge apf mtn wh nen in a oe hey Bae. me tion. State its $1, unit. ace. in motion sina fine direction » m 2 B ” 1% (© Resta Cs oat sc re nt ese a sxe al eee Smet ech end (i) Te oe Bis org Wi nei ste ermine gear ae Posh cl of es ea Distinguish between acceleration and reason, Diffeentiate between uniform acceleration and variable acceleration, Wha i mea he tm tion ae Which of the quantity, velocity or acceleration decries the dzstion of odes ? Ans. Velocity 24, Give one example of ech ofthe following (a) aniform velociy_() vaable velocity (6) variable aceeleraton (8) uniform retadton, ‘The diagram (Fig. 2.6) below shows the pate of The on the oad ping at constant from 2 moving car What informations 6 you get from it shout the mio ofthe cat ee ies Cee wore Fig 26 Ans, Intl it moving with a constant sped and then ft slows down. Define the term acceleration due to grav State its average vale. "the value of remains same at all places on the uth surface’ Is ths statement tue ? Give reason for your answer ‘Ans, No. The ¥ ‘an minimum st 26, lve of g i maximum a the ples the equator on the earth surface. Ifa stone and pene ae dropped simtanousl i ocuum fom the top of tower, which of the 0 dhl reach the ground fist? Give reason. ‘Ans. Both wil rach the ground simultaneously, ans. Teeteation due 1 greviy 8 same (=) of ‘Sn Aso the opposing visous force of is absent ‘Multiple coe (pe £ 1. A vector quantity i ree octy Ans. (0) eoety (6) distance (@) velocity © scanned with OKEN ScannerEe. 2. te Stbof ey: oir mmm SO imnic! Bae Ame 2. Teac Oe @mF Am ome? meres + epmevege ms ae muerte Sacer Simmen mane 0 ‘ ‘pee Ans. (d) the displacement is zero, @ mew Smet Ome @isms! AwO)Sme Numerics 1 The spod ofa caris 72 km br. Expres it in m Ans. 20 m % Express 19m ink, Ans San tet 4 Express each o the fellowing in m =! (Vieni 09 18 km io! Ans (0) 0278 m = () 360 mt lowing speeds in increas "Vn mig 18k be! ‘Aes 8m 10 m6, 1m mip! Sanne 2h tel fom Agra to Dei a teemstesdof6S nr! Find thedisnce bene, 80 es, Ans. 195k as ‘Atrsn takes 20 each station te 31 Eo es evn ae a wk the average speed, (i) the ge oe eee A at moving tp py 2 km doe east in 100.8 ace (i) he velocity, of ear?” 8) my ‘i 7 fe imei, A body starts from rest and a7 Fone et . w. floes Example (2) 2A 7 0 ea ‘Fig. 2.100) shows the displacement-time graph foe this motion. Slope of the Tine OA = 2 “Gs-0 and Slope ofthe line AB Thus the st = 10ms! vars te wal Le hile the slope of ie which represen 8 oe Tie « 10 roan eo Speed during first six seconds ope ofthe tine 04 = a0 Sted dg ite 6 = slope ofthe tine Ay — 120-60 the whole joumey which ig = 20m Note : The displacement. be ny increase in time (ie Doty is itine h ae? A by moves with ayia gt ion i., with v ci dipecenensine saps at age BAS 8 curve. The velocity at any int om he op ited by finding te slap (or he ga the tangent drawn on the curve at ha ist of time. ‘Example : Fig. 2.11 represents the dsprem? raph of a body for which planet stance from the stating point) at eis is given in the table below. Tie say [Displacement dn mete) 5 Es 7 ° @ scanned with OKEN Scannersi bea ee? Me) — paplcnenttine grit varie cy ine ghaph is a curve PO. at time = 5 5 (or when ) is obtained by finding curve drawn at sor $= 30m. rest! he diloament ty of body Tpeieement $= 30 a Sa agent BD 0 te ‘hors ies he velocity of Body at ioms* rie that in thie case, tke slope of the CUE ss treat at diferent points, 30 the veloc 5 siflrent at ferent instants Le. the Body iS aving wih a variable speed oF veloc Conclusions 4 (alte displ fsa straight line paral incement-tme graph ofan objet lt te ime ais, the ‘sti stationary. (0) the raph is sah ree eined to he dime axis the motion is ‘nor velocity. (6th raps isacure, {emotion swith non-union velocity: (@ Inthe displacementtime graph, the slope of the staight line (or the tangent to the curve at St insan) ves the velocity ofthe object at that instant (a) Ifthe slope is positive, it terse the motion avay from the eign (or ‘eee pon). (2 the slope is negative it ‘resets tbe motion towards the oii (ii) Knowing the velocity of the object at different isn me dlcenenttime eo te ap Tessie ah an be ra, 7 WELOCTY-TME GRAPH rqlttt wositytime graph, time is taken on nativity taken on Panis apn ATecity isa vector quantity, the postive » ‘elocity means tat the body is moving in a cea sen ah oi cea velocity means tht th bys moving he oppo direction (., towards the nit postion. From he vlociy-ime graph, we ca eterine (@) the displacement ofthe body ina certain ime interval and (6) the acceleration ofthe body at any fnsan (a) Determination of displacement from the selocitysie graph : Sine, veo x tine displacement, the area enclosed between the Yelocty-time sketch and Kass (the time ais) gives the displacement ofthe body “Te area enclosed above the ine ais represents the postive displacement ie, the distance tevelled fay from he starting pint whith ara cclosed felow the time axis represents the negative iplecement.e, the distance wavelled towards the Steing point. The ttl displacements obtained by ting them numerically with prope sign. But he ‘onl dance ravelledby he bodys ther arithmetic sum (without sign). "Example : Consider the velo time graph of ‘body in motion as shown in Fig. 212. “re > Fig. 212 Veloce graph of boy ix motion In Fig. 2.12, area of Aabe 1 x base x eight x4sxSmst=10m, area of trapezium cdf >< (sum of parallel sides) x height 20m, FxG4asxsme and area of trapezium fe 1 ca+2sxsms Bae ee ism © scanned with OKEN ScannerEe ‘Thon the displacement of the boty = Cait ‘abe area of trapexiv edef+ area OF DSC fpates 10 m = 20 m+ 15 m= 5. PA Fer) distance travelled by body = aten oF A Ae (pitrea of trapezium cdef + area of trape7 Fehin 10m 420m 15 m=45M. {(b) Determination af acceleration from the selointine graph: Since acceleration is equal 0 the ratio of change in velocity and time taken, therefore the slope (or gradient of the velocity-time skech gives the acceleration. ‘Example : In Fig. 2.12, for the part ab of the motion “= Shangein velocity _ (S~O)ms™ Slope = ~Changeintime ~~ @=O)s «+ Aozeeration 67 ms? Inport ba, (Sim: 2, gh and hi are with ero and negative acceleration respectively, Now we can consider the following cases : represents the velocity-time gra lig moving with a uniform veloc gh F248 ‘The slope ofthe straight ine ay jg "fo its acceleration is zer0, Displacement in S second = are, ~ OABC= OCH OA= 58% 4 mga gh Rg Case (2) + (@) If the body ig oe” uniform acceleration (ie, equal chy tn take plein equal intervals of ime ga time graph isa straight line inclincn* ek : egemole,| The table below ween velocity of body at d repre veo IY aaitferent insane Ca Velocity = ga mene) oboe Obviously, the: ‘Velocity is in als ‘amount in each second iv, the body i eel ‘form acceleration. The veloc mie clin wo te ine neat in Fig. 2.14, i vyeLocey ao szeeeees Case (1): Ifa bod ody is in motion with unifor lect, ely tema coma gn the {elociy-time graph isa straight line parallel Fig. 2.4 Vlocy-xin graph; vlc urs 4 equal amount in ech send Distance travelled by the boy in 8 sel area of triangle OPO 1 armen eight 5 x0QxOP 1 ms Exssxs0 123mm Acceleration ‘Scanned with OKEN Scanneree ‘on is with uniform retardation (i... Example: ple : In Fi. 216, straight ine AB epesents sre mot co ih aeres By am eal amount eel i Sond) he elle a rams eae ofthe acl meson ch gh in inclined to the me axis with 9 ally moving with velociy 2 a oe oy fom he st of cee " tes a8 sven in leralon a fers pape #12 Bie 2.15. the suaigh line AB te flowing te appa te wee raph or» bay insect) [01 [2 [3 PS f seta ace 40 ms! which [Meesty dome) [10 ~ iil gop 4s wil aon retardation. > [ro] 15 || oss] ole te Eo fe 3 fx Lat Fig 216 Vocitime graph when the nie eee psn gah i wir erin rig 218 wt ran hn Displacement ofthe cain 5 second tance vee by we Body 8S Area of trapezium ABDO "area of tangle AOB ae of an = Hat + Da) 00 30804 3 x ao+39 x5 J caseaoms! zane esrdaton ofthe body oh xasx5= 125m Spe ofthe Hine AB uy Aceleraion of the car= ope ofthe ie AB ca, o- ams ne _ GS-me $77 08 01s 1 sta 10ms* - 1 the fa sain ig case (3) + Consider the mation of Body ao a ardaton 7 seleee om a height 1s itil a e098 a ets down verily with velocity inseatng Fein gatcan never be 2 STM gfmly or 5 sand segue Fe) velocity of Tecan sven MO Seuming that ater iting he OH ards to the same beight Ine parle othe velocity axis lie would mean thatthe velocity increases Tihout any cease in time (Ze, acceleration iia) whic i impossible (tie boty ently moving with some sn lost an then it aerate, he ‘esse deh for he acer noon ea point on the velocity axis ponding oth inital velocity ofthe body. it rises vericall UP velocity decreasing ti downward direction 3 graph is as shown in Fi Sree the downward journey MSreasing velocity while part CD sh tpward journey with decreasing Yl0. ee aon of 5 i cohen Seema ce mon I OMT : ss iformiy. Farther taking the the velocity-time eee @ scanned with OKEN Scannerfoc fame} + ovat oto ime raph forthe ie land 21 Wipe re (a) In pat AB, acceleration = Slope of line AB (0: (©)Tetal distance travelled in 10 ABE + area of tiangle CDE 3*5sx50mst = 250m Displacement in 10 = 0 (aero, Since inital and fiat Conctsions ; © @) For moto 1 7 +3 %5sx50ms Positions are same, ies slope) at 4 ferent instants From the Veli scan daw the acceertion ga meat (iv) The area enclosed between veg sketch andthe time axis Tap cet Jnerval gives the displacement jy thay jt of tin Te are above thin : Positive displacement, while ie area gt tinea she neater ©) Knowing the distance (o, 4isplacen, diferent time intervals from ye) graph, we can draw the distance Aisplacementtime) graph 28 ACCELERATION — THE Gnapy ale Scseationtine gph tn a on Xeni and acelerationis ta Pos ‘is enh We can find the chee - 4 catain interval of time, For fe Tote fronton x time = change in a this rom the area enclosed berseen ‘cele time sketch and the time axis wen the ces sPeed of the bod forthe given ieee Xt US consider the following mee + HE the body is staonay iis is oend with a uniform velocity, the weace ig Jo: The accelerationsime graph neat Cin Nrtight line coinciding withthe tne ot AcortenamiON > o =— Fit 218 Acederationtine gph emt vty Case (2) : IF the velocity of bo i increases, Uniformly with Se 4 Constant (ie., the motion is uni ine go Tn such a case, the ne wi S¥aigt Line para! othe ine side of acceleration axis. In Fg- tne PO represents the ae body moving with constant © scanned with OKEN Scanner