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Computer Networks Notes-24

The document describes the process of establishing a connection in circuit-switched networks, including the acknowledgment phase and the teardown phase for resource release. It contrasts this with packet-switched networks, where resources are allocated on demand without reservation, leading to potential delays. Datagram networks, a type of packet-switched network, treat each packet independently and do not maintain connection states, resulting in a connectionless approach.

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8 views1 page

Computer Networks Notes-24

The document describes the process of establishing a connection in circuit-switched networks, including the acknowledgment phase and the teardown phase for resource release. It contrasts this with packet-switched networks, where resources are allocated on demand without reservation, leading to potential delays. Datagram networks, a type of packet-switched network, treat each packet independently and do not maintain connection states, resulting in a connectionless approach.

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amit singh
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© © All Rights Reserved
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dedicated channel between itself and switch III.

Switch III informs system M of


system A's intention at this time.
In the next step to making a connection, an acknowledgment from system
M needs to be sent in the opposite direction to system A. Only after system A
receives this acknowledgment is the connection established.
Data Transfer Phase
After the establishment of the dedicated circuit (channels), the two parties can
transfer data.
Teardown Phase
When one of the parties needs to disconnect, a signal is sent to each switch to
release the resources.
Efficiency
It can be argued that circuit-switched networks are not as efficient as the other
two types of networks because resources are allocated during the entire
duration of the connection. These resources are unavailable to other
connections.
Delay
Although a circuit-switched network normally has low efficiency, the delay in
this type of network is minimal. During data transfer the data are not delayed
at each switch; the resources are allocated for the duration of the connection.
The total delay is due to the time needed to create the connection, transfer
data, and disconnect the circuit.
Switching at the physical layer in the traditional telephone network
uses the circuit-switching approach.
DATAGRAM NETWORKS
In a packet-switched network, there is no resource reservation; resources
are allocated on demand. The allocation is done on a first come, first-served
basis. When a switch receives a packet, no matter what is the source or
destination, the packet must wait if there are other packets being processed.
This lack of reservation may create delay. For example, if we do not have a
reservation at a restaurant, we might have to wait.
In a datagram network, each packet is treated independently of all others.
Packets in this approach are referred to as datagrams. Datagram switching is
normally done at the network layer.
Figure shows how the datagram approach is used to deliver four packets
from station A to station X. The switches in a datagram network are traditionally
referred to as routers.
The datagram networks are sometimes referred to as connectionless
networks. The term connectionless here means that the switch (packet
switch) does not keep information about the connection state. There are no
setup or teardown phases. Each packet is treated the same by a switch
regardless of its source or destination.

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