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Types of Programming Language

Programming languages are categorized based on their level of abstraction and programming paradigms. Key types include low-level languages like machine and assembly languages, high-level languages such as Python and Java, and various paradigms like procedural, object-oriented, functional, scripting, and declarative languages. Additionally, languages can be classified by execution mode (compiled, interpreted, hybrid) and special purposes like markup and query languages.

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3 views

Types of Programming Language

Programming languages are categorized based on their level of abstraction and programming paradigms. Key types include low-level languages like machine and assembly languages, high-level languages such as Python and Java, and various paradigms like procedural, object-oriented, functional, scripting, and declarative languages. Additionally, languages can be classified by execution mode (compiled, interpreted, hybrid) and special purposes like markup and query languages.

Uploaded by

kaira-imani.boustany
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Programming Language

Programming languages can be categorized into several types based on their features,
purpose, and level of abstraction. However our focus will be more on the level of abstraction
and the programming paradigm. Here are the main types with examples of programming
languages that fall under the different types:

1. Based on Level of Abstraction

a. Low-Level Languages (Machine-Oriented)

Machine Language: Binary code that the computer's processor can execute
directly.
Assembly Language: Uses mnemonic codes instead of binary, requiring an
assembler to convert it into machine language.

b. High-Level Languages (Human-Oriented)

Easier to read and write, requiring a compiler or interpreter. Examples:


Python, Java, C++, JavaScript.

2. Based on Programming Paradigm

a. Procedural Languages

Based on functions and procedures, following a step-by-step approach.


Examples: C, Pascal, Fortran.

b. Object-Oriented Languages (OOP)

Based on objects and classes, focusing on data encapsulation and reuse.


Examples: Java, C++, Python, C#.

c. Functional Languages

Treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions without


changing state.
Examples: Haskell, Lisp, Scala.

d. Scripting Languages

Used for automation, web development, and lightweight programming.


Examples: Python, JavaScript, PHP, Bash.

e. Declarative Languages

Focus on describing what to do rather than how to do it.


Examples: SQL (for databases), Prolog (for AI).

3. Based on Execution Mode

a. Compiled Languages

Convert source code into machine code before execution.


Examples: C, C++, Rust, Go.

b. Interpreted Languages

Execute code line-by-line without prior compilation.


Examples: Python, JavaScript, Ruby.

c. Hybrid Languages

Use both compilation and interpretation.


Example: Java (compiled into bytecode, then interpreted by the JVM).

4. Special-Purpose Languages

Markup Languages: HTML, XML (for structuring web pages and data).
Query Languages: SQL (for database management).
Hardware Description Languages: VHDL, Verilog (for circuit design).

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