Theory Questions on Dictionaries and Structuring Data

1.​ What is a dictionary in Python? How does it differ from lists and tuples?
2.​ Explain how dictionaries store key-value pairs. Provide an example.
3.​ What are the advantages of using dictionaries over lists?
4.​ How can you add, update, and delete key-value pairs in a dictionary? Provide
examples.
5.​ What are some common dictionary methods? Explain at least five with examples.
6.​ How can you check if a key exists in a dictionary? Provide a Python example.
7.​ What is pretty printing (pprint) in Python? How is it different from regular
printing?
8.​ Explain how dictionaries can be used to model real-world entities. Give an
example.
9.​ What is dictionary comprehension in Python? How can it be used to create a
dictionary dynamically?
10.​How does Python handle dictionary iteration? How can you loop through keys,
values, and key-value pairs?
11.​What are nested dictionaries? How can they be useful in structuring complex
data?
12.​How does the get() method work in dictionaries? Why is it useful?
13.​What happens if you try to access a dictionary key that does not exist? How can
you prevent this error?
14.​Explain the concept of references in dictionaries. What happens when you
assign one dictionary to another?
15.​How can dictionaries be used for counting occurrences of elements in a list?
Provide an example.

Theory Questions on Manipulating Strings

16.​What are strings in Python? How are they different from lists?
17.​How can you declare and initialize a string in Python?
18.​What are some common string methods? Explain at least five with examples.
19.​How does string concatenation work in Python? Provide different ways to
concatenate strings.
20.​What is string replication? How does the * operator work with strings?
21.​Explain string formatting using f-strings, format(), and % formatting.
22.​What is string slicing? How can you extract substrings using indexing?
23.​What are escape characters in Python strings? List some commonly used
escape sequences.
24.​How can you check if a substring exists in a string? Provide a Python example.
25.​Explain how the ord() and chr() functions work in Python.
26.​How can the ord() function be used in encryption and character encoding?
 27.​What is the pyperclip module? How is it used for copying and pasting strings?
28.​How can you remove whitespace from a string? Explain methods like strip(),
lstrip(), and rstrip().
29.​What is the difference between split() and join() methods in Python?
30.​Explain the Multi-Clipboard Automatic Messages project. How does it use
pyperclip for automation?

Scenario-Based Questions on Dictionaries and Structuring Data

1.​ Scenario: You are designing an employee database system using dictionaries.
The program should:
○​ Store employee details (name, age, department, salary).
○​ Allow updating an employee’s salary.
○​ Retrieve and display details of an employee by their name.​
Question: Implement this using a Python dictionary and explain how
key-value pairs are useful in storing structured data.
2.​ Scenario: A library management system keeps track of books using a
dictionary where:
○​ The key is the book title, and the value is the availability status
("Available" or "Issued").
○​ Users can check if a book is available.
○​ The system updates the status when a book is issued or returned.​
Question: Write a Python program for this and explain how dictionaries
help in data retrieval.
3.​ Scenario: A student marks system stores student names as keys and their
marks as values in a dictionary.
○​ Allow adding new students and marks.
○​ Calculate the average marks of all students.​
Question: Implement this using dictionaries and explain how iteration
over key-value pairs works.
4.​ Scenario: You are designing a voting system where:
○​ A dictionary stores candidates as keys and their vote counts as values.
○​ When a user votes, the count for the chosen candidate increases.
○​ The program displays the winner at the end.​
Question: Write a Python program for this and explain how dictionaries
efficiently store real-world data.
5.​ Scenario: A supermarket billing system stores product details in a dictionary.
○​ The dictionary contains product names as keys and prices as values.
○​ A user selects products and their quantities.
○​ The program calculates the total bill.​
Question: Implement this and explain how dictionaries simplify data
organization in real-world applications.
Scenario-Based Questions on Manipulating Strings

6.​ Scenario: You are developing a customer feedback system where:

○​ Users enter feedback in the form of a long string.
○​ The system converts the feedback to lowercase and removes extra
spaces.​
Question: Implement this using string methods and explain their
importance in text processing.
7.​ Scenario: A username generator needs to create usernames by:
○​ Taking the first three letters of the user’s first name.
○​ Taking the last three letters of the user’s last name.
○​ Combining them and converting them to lowercase.​
Question: Write a Python program for this and explain how string slicing
helps in automation.
8.​ Scenario: A chatbot needs to detect offensive words and replace them with
***.
○​ The program takes a sentence as input.
○​ It checks for words like "bad", "ugly", and "stupid".
○​ If found, the words are replaced with ***.​
Question: Implement this and explain how the replace() method is
used for content moderation.
9.​ Scenario: You are creating a password strength checker where:
○​ A strong password must contain uppercase letters, lowercase letters,
numbers, and symbols.
○​ The program checks the given password and categorizes it as "Weak",
"Moderate", or "Strong".​
Question: Implement this using string methods and explain how different
checks are applied.
10.​Scenario: You are designing a file renaming tool that:
○​ Takes a filename from the user (e.g., "myfile.TXT").
○​ Converts it to lowercase and replaces spaces with underscores.
○​ Ensures all filenames end with ".txt".​
Question: Write a Python script for this and explain how string methods
help in formatting filenames.
11.​Scenario: You are developing an encryption system where:
○​ Each letter in a message is converted to its ASCII code using ord().
○​ The program prints the encoded message.​
Question: Implement this and explain how ord() is used in
cryptography.
12.​Scenario: A multi-clipboard system stores frequently used messages, such as:
○​ "Hello, how can I help you?"
○​ "Thank you for your message!"
 ○​ "Please hold on, I will check that for you."
○​ The user selects a message, and the program copies it to the clipboard.​
Question: Implement this using the pyperclip module and explain its
usefulness in automating repetitive tasks.
13.​Scenario: A data validation system requires users to enter an ID in a specific
format:
○​ It must start with "ID-".
○​ It must have exactly five digits after "ID-" (e.g., "ID-12345").​
Question: Implement this using string validation methods and explain
their importance.
14.​Scenario: A word frequency analyzer reads a paragraph and:
○​ Counts how many times each word appears.
○​ Displays the most frequently used words.​
Question: Implement this using dictionaries and explain how counting
operations are handled efficiently.
15.​Scenario: A customer service automation tool stores predefined responses in
a dictionary where:
○​ "hi" maps to "Hello! How can I assist you?".
○​ "help" maps to "Sure! What do you need help with?".
○​ "bye" maps to "Goodbye! Have a great day!".
○​ The user enters a keyword, and the program displays the appropriate
response.​
Question: Write a Python program for this and explain how dictionaries
improve chatbot efficiency.

MCQs on Dictionaries and Structuring Data

1.​ Which of the following correctly defines a dictionary in Python?​

python​
CopyEdit​
a) dict = {1, 2, 3}

b) dict = [1: "one", 2: "two"]

c) dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}

d) dict = (1: "one", 2: "two")

Answer: c) dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}

2.​ What will be the output of the following code?​
​
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}

print(my_dict.get("city", "Not Found"))

a) "None"​
b) "Not Found"​
c) "city"​
d) Error​
Answer: b) "Not Found"

3.​ What will be the result of the following dictionary operation?​

​
d = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}

print(d.keys())

a) ["a", "b", "c"]​

b) dict_keys(["a", "b", "c"])​
c) ["1", "2", "3"]​
d) Error​
Answer: b) dict_keys(["a", "b", "c"])

4.​ Which method is used to remove a specific key-value pair from a dictionary?​
a) delete()​
b) pop()​
c) remove()​
d) discard()​
Answer: b) pop()
5.​ What will be the output of the following Python code?​
​
my_dict = {"x": 5, "y": 10}

my_dict["x"] += 1

print(my_dict["x"])

a) 5​
b) 6​
c) 10​
 d) Error​
Answer: b) 6

MCQs on Manipulating Strings

6.​ What will be the output of the following statement?​

​
print("hello".upper())

a) "HELLO"​
b) "hello"​
c) "Hello"​
d) Error​
Answer: a) "HELLO"

7.​ What is the output of the following code?​

​
"Python" + "Programming"

a) "Python Programming"​
b) "PythonProgramming"​
c) "Python + Programming"​
d) Error​
Answer: b) "PythonProgramming"

8.​ What does the strip() method do in Python?​

a) Removes all spaces from a string​
b) Removes leading and trailing whitespace​
c) Converts the string to uppercase​
d) Splits the string into a list​
Answer: b) Removes leading and trailing whitespace
9.​ What is the function of ord("A") in Python?​
a) Returns the ASCII value of "A"​
b) Converts "A" to lowercase​
c) Returns "A" as a Unicode string​
d) Reverses the string "A"​
Answer: a) Returns the ASCII value of "A"
10.​What does the chr(65) function return?​
a) "A"​
b) 65​
c) "B"​
 d) Error​
Answer: a) "A"
11.​What is the purpose of the pyperclip module?​
a) To copy and paste text between programs​
b) To read files from disk​
c) To format strings​
d) To generate random numbers​
Answer: a) To copy and paste text between programs

12.​What will be the output of the following Python code?​

​
s = "Hello, World!"

print(s.replace("World", "Python"))

a) "Hello, Python!"​
b) "Hello, World!"​
c) "Hello Python"​
d) "Hello, World"​
Answer: a) "Hello, Python!"

13.​What will be the result of the following statement?​

"Hello".find("e")

a) 1​
b) 0​
c) -1​
d) "e"​
Answer: a) 1

14.​What will the following code output?​

​
import pyperclip

pyperclip.copy("Hello")

print(pyperclip.paste())

a) "Hello"​
b) None​
c) Error​
 d) Empty String​
Answer: a) "Hello"

15.​What will be the output of the following Python statement?​

print("hello".capitalize())

a) "hello"​
b) "Hello"​
c) "HELLO"​
d) "hELLO"​
Answer: b) "Hello"